{"id":19368,"date":"2024-02-09T16:06:53","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T16:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy"},"modified":"2024-02-09T16:06:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-09T16:06:53","slug":"ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e1 propaganda na Balk\u00e1n\u011b: informace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Konflikt mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou trv\u00e1 ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rok. V uplynul\u00fdch dvan\u00e1cti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch byl \u0161iroce analyzov\u00e1n zp\u016fsob a dopad rusk\u00e9 propagandy v zem\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo i nep\u0159\u00edmo zapojen\u00fdch do konfliktu. Velk\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na informac\u00edm, m\u00e9di\u00edm, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, a dopadu, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 komunity. V\u00fdsledkem je slo\u017eit\u00fd, n\u011bkdy matouc\u00ed obraz, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00favahy o tom, jak jsou nov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia schopna vzbudit konsenzus i tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 zkreslen\u00fdm narativ\u016fm a fale\u0161n\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na Balk\u00e1n\u011b je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v \u00favahu r\u016fzn\u00e9 okolnosti: ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 historii, nebo kv\u016fli denn\u011b poskytovan\u00e9mu bal\u00ed\u010dku informac\u00ed, reagovala na propagandu jinak. Hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na vyu\u017eit\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed, na tom, jak protagonist\u00e9 sd\u011bluj\u00ed „pravdu“, na ochot\u011b prohloubit z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace atd. Ne\u017e p\u0159ejdeme k podrobn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu rusk\u00e9 propagandy na Balk\u00e1n\u011b v posledn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, je t\u0159eba otev\u0159\u00edt z\u00e1vorku. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed neomezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zpr\u00e1v: soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b urychlily proces jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed za zpr\u00e1vami honit. Kritika se objevuje, kdy\u017e jsou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 konfrontov\u00e1ni s informacemi, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto ne\u00fapln\u00e9 nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlubok\u00e9, a jsou destabilizov\u00e1ni a sna\u017e\u00ed se z\u00edskat jasn\u00fd a p\u0159esn\u00fd p\u0159ehled. Je proto pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee vzhledem k rychlosti, s jakou se \u010dlov\u011bk dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do kontaktu se zpr\u00e1vami, a nedostatku odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, s nimi\u017e se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, na\u0161la v\u00fdroba fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v \u017eivnou p\u016fdu. Vyvolat pochybnosti zkr\u00e1tka nikdy nebylo snaz\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 je, \u017ee k tomu v\u0161emu \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed i v ultramodern\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je m\u00edra \u0161koln\u00ed vzd\u011blanosti p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vysok\u00e1 a kde spole\u010dnost rychle sm\u011b\u0159uje k metaversu. Paradox roku 2000: bezmocnost lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se pova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u0159ipraven\u00e9, ale tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 postupuj\u00edc\u00edmu nov\u00e9mu jim doch\u00e1z\u00ed dech kv\u016fli tomu, jak rychle jde \u017eivot kup\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 propaganda prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed: jak reagovaly balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zem\u011b<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 tedy postupuje. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, co se dnes d\u011bje v zem\u00edch, jako je Rusko a Ukrajina, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se b\u011bh \u010dasu zastavil, nebo \u017ee se zastavil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee hodiny byly p\u0159eto\u010deny. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v roce 2023 st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve sv\u011bt\u011b mnoho konflikt\u016f, jsou ztr\u00e1ty na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech st\u00e1le sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho boje o moc, a\u0165 u\u017e ekonomick\u00e9ho nebo geopolitick\u00e9ho. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s minulost\u00ed je tu v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed faktor: mo\u017enost oslovit mnoho lid\u00ed d\u00edky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enosti digit\u00e1ln\u00edch mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a webov\u00fdch kontejner\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed velmi rychl\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n

Rusko a Ukrajina jsou ji\u017e rok ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m stavu. Krom\u011b zv\u011brstev a z\u00e1rmutku, o nich\u017e m\u00e9dia neust\u00e1le informuj\u00ed, je tu je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco nav\u00edc: \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 bu\u010f z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, nebo ne\u00famysln\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed alternativn\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd konflikt.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Srbsku za\u010dala propaganda je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm konfliktu. V\u00edme o tom d\u00edky fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b, kterou dva dny p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem v\u00e1lky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila m\u00e9dia – t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zcela kontrolovan\u00e1 st\u00e1tem. Noviny stroze napsaly, aby nebylo pochyb, \u017ee Zelensk\u00e9ho Ukrajina u\u017e za\u00fato\u010dila na Putinovo Rusko. Fale\u0161n\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 je \u0161iroce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na jako nezpochybniteln\u00e1 pravda, proto\u017ee instituce i velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st srbsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva pova\u017euj\u00ed Kreml za v\u00edtanou alternativu k Evropsk\u00e9 unii. Podobn\u00fd jev se vyskytuje tak\u00e9 v Bulharsku. Bulharsk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby se toti\u017e nechaly sly\u0161et, \u017ee politici, ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e9 osoby a novin\u00e1\u0159i pracuj\u00ed (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed s nemal\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm ziskem) pe\u010dliv\u011b a specificky pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby se k nim dostala zpr\u00e1va: Rusko bojuje za svobodu. V Bulharsku se po vypuknut\u00ed konfliktu zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det publikac\u00ed na toto t\u00e9ma z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 39 na 397 denn\u011b a bulharsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia \u010dasto pln\u011b p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Jak\u00fd byl ale v\u00fdsledek? Jak\u00e1 byla reakce obyvatelstva? Podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f pr\u016fzkumu Eurobarometru, kter\u00fd Evropsk\u00fd parlament zve\u0159ejnil na ja\u0159e 2022, je Bulharsko zem\u00ed s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm procentem ob\u010dan\u016f s pozitivn\u00edm vztahem k Rusku. Podobn\u011b, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 z jin\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, m\u016f\u017eeme argumentovat, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o rusk\u00e9 propagand\u011b v Ma\u010farsku. Z\u00e1vislost na rusk\u00e9 energii znamenala, \u017ee Ma\u010farsko muselo zabr\u00e1nit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vybran\u00fdch, prorusk\u00fdch nebo tenden\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v o konfliktu. Ma\u010farsko sankce uvalen\u00e9 na Rusko podpo\u0159ilo, ale podle mluv\u010d\u00edho vl\u00e1dy Petera Szijjarta, jak uvedl server Russia Today: „Nejsme v pozici, abychom poru\u0161ili evropskou jednotu v t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch… na\u0161li jsme sami sebe“. Novin\u00e1\u0159 se Szijjarta zeptal, pro\u010d Ma\u010farsko nehlasovalo proti sankc\u00edm; p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f by nebyla mo\u017en\u00e1. Opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem jde Chorvatsko, kter\u00e9 od vypuknut\u00ed konfliktu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 protirusk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti komunikace. To bylo tak\u00e9 v<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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v souladu se sm\u011brnicemi Evropsk\u00e9 komise o blokov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1kazu rusk\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Boj s dezinformacemi na toto t\u00e9ma znamenal zabr\u00e1nit zkreslen\u00fdm nebo nepravdiv\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m, o nich\u017e informovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kan\u00e1ly. Posledn\u00ed relevantn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad se m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdkat Rumunska. Geograficky se nejedn\u00e1 o balk\u00e1nskou zemi, ale m\u00e1 dlouhou tradici rusk\u00e9ho vlivu ve spole\u010densko-politick\u00e9m a kulturn\u00edm kontextu a hraje strategickou roli ve vztahu k sousedn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Rusk\u00e1 propaganda v Rumunsku za\u010dala ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, ale dnes, po vypuknut\u00ed konfliktu a s mnoha digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi syst\u00e9my, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel je informov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm televize a podle pr\u016fzkumu proveden\u00e9ho organizac\u00ed INSCOP si 55 % lid\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch 44 let uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee jsou vystaveni fale\u0161n\u00fdm zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b 42,6 % lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee se s fale\u0161n\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami nesetkali: toto \u010d\u00edslo je znepokojiv\u00e9 a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee roste. Je pravda, \u017ee v Rumunsku se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed rusky, ale nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 informovanost, pokud jde o informace, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z televize, rozhlasu a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm negativn\u00edm faktorem. Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee i kdy\u017e se d\u016fvody podpory rusk\u00e9 propagandy v n\u011bkter\u00fdch balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed, v\u00fdsledek je stejn\u00fd: dezinformace. U\u017e b\u011bhem pandemie Covid-19 bylo vid\u011bt, jak tvorba zpr\u00e1v, vide\u00ed, obr\u00e1zk\u016f a umn\u011b sest\u0159\u00edhan\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kter\u00e1 mnoh\u00e9 p\u0159ivede k tomu, \u017ee za\u010dnou o v\u0161em pochybovat, a\u017e za\u010dnou k\u0159i\u010det o spiknut\u00ed a p\u0159estanou v\u011b\u0159it instituc\u00edm, medic\u00edn\u011b a m\u00e9di\u00edm. Hra na strach, na neznalost a na mo\u017enost, \u017ee p\u0159ijdete o v\u0161echno – jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Ma\u010farska, kde inflace vzrostla na 22 % – m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou strategi\u00ed. Propaganda je zalo\u017eena na vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zmatku a nastolen\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku lze pova\u017eovat za v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod k zastaven\u00ed tohoto jevu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Konflikt mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou trv\u00e1 ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rok. V uplynul\u00fdch dvan\u00e1cti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch byl \u0161iroce analyzov\u00e1n zp\u016fsob a dopad rusk\u00e9 propagandy v zem\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo i nep\u0159\u00edmo zapojen\u00fdch do konfliktu. Velk\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na informac\u00edm, m\u00e9di\u00edm, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, a dopadu, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 komunity. V\u00fdsledkem je slo\u017eit\u00fd, n\u011bkdy matouc\u00ed obraz, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[415],"class_list":["post-19368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politika","types-news-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nRusk\u00e1 propaganda na Balk\u00e1n\u011b: informace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rusk\u00e1 propaganda na Balk\u00e1n\u011b: informace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Konflikt mezi Ruskem a Ukrajinou trv\u00e1 ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rok. V uplynul\u00fdch dvan\u00e1cti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch byl \u0161iroce analyzov\u00e1n zp\u016fsob a dopad rusk\u00e9 propagandy v zem\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo i nep\u0159\u00edmo zapojen\u00fdch do konfliktu. Velk\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na informac\u00edm, m\u00e9di\u00edm, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, a dopadu, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 komunity. V\u00fdsledkem je slo\u017eit\u00fd, n\u011bkdy matouc\u00ed obraz, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-09T16:06:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Juri Morico\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Juri Morico\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Juri Morico\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/905868b8f19b79fafdfa49752977b2c2\"},\"headline\":\"Rusk\u00e1 propaganda na Balk\u00e1n\u011b: informace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-09T16:06:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\"},\"wordCount\":1297,\"articleSection\":[\"Politika\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/ruska-propaganda-na-balkane-informace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy\",\"name\":\"Rusk\u00e1 propaganda na Balk\u00e1n\u011b: informace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy - 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