{"id":2372,"date":"2021-11-11T13:53:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-11T13:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/jak-se-prometheus-stal-prokrustem"},"modified":"2021-11-11T13:53:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-11T13:53:07","slug":"jak-se-prometheus-stal-prokrustem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/jak-se-prometheus-stal-prokrustem","title":{"rendered":"Jak se Prom\u00e9theus stal Prokrustem"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, v roce 1991, se Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zhroutil. Z\u00e1pad vyhr\u00e1l studenou v\u00e1lku…<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed Platformy evropsk\u00e9 pam\u011bti a sv\u011bdom\u00ed<\/a> ve dnech 11. \u2013 13. listopadu 2021 v Praze jsem byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n, abych p\u0159ednesl hlavn\u00ed refer\u00e1t o ud\u00e1lostech roku 1991, kdy se rozpadl Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a vzniklo n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Vyu\u017eil jsem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti argumentovat, \u017ee stalinismus (a tak\u00e9 maoismus) byly logick\u00fdm vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm komunistick\u00e9ho projektu, proto\u017ee zahrnoval vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrukce nep\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edm nebo alespo\u0148 neochotn\u00fdm lidem. Nevid\u00edm nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho na tom, \u017ee ses rozhodl st\u00e1t se komunistou, pokud jsi ochoten b\u00fdt komunistou jen pro sebe a ne pro druh\u00e9: Pak jednodu\u0161e vstoup\u00ed\u0161 do JZD, jako jsou izraelsk\u00e9 kibuce<\/em> , nebo zalo\u017e\u00ed\u0161 se sv\u00fdmi sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00fdmi du\u0161emi d\u011blnick\u00e9 dru\u017estvo. . Jedin\u00fdm po\u017eadavkem je, abyste nenutili ostatn\u00ed, aby tam \u0161li s v\u00e1mi, a abyste m\u011bli mo\u017enost odej\u00edt stejn\u011b jako vstup. V tomto smyslu je komunismus p\u0159irozen\u00fdm experimentem a ukazuje se, \u017ee ho skute\u010dn\u011b chce jen velmi mal\u00e1 a zcela bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st jak\u00e9koli komunity.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d komunismus nevyhnuteln\u011b znamen\u00e1 zotro\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Proto\u017ee to komunist\u00e9 nep\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed a cht\u011bj\u00ed m\u00edsto toho vnutit sv\u016fj projekt ostatn\u00edm, jsou nuceni pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1sil\u00ed. V tomto procesu se komunismus st\u00e1v\u00e1 zlo\u010dinn\u00fdm podnikem, stejn\u011b jako Hitler\u016fv n\u00e1rodn\u00ed socialismus. Bez systematick\u00e9ho potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edch aspirac\u00ed a c\u00edl\u016f se prost\u011b neudr\u017e\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm argumentem nen\u00ed, \u017ee by komunist\u00e9 byli mor\u00e1ln\u011b nebo intelektu\u00e1ln\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed (a\u010dkoli tato mo\u017enost by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt vylou\u010dena). Syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje zl\u00e9 skutky. Aby to bylo jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout komunistick\u00fd projekt. Je to po\u017eadavek na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00fd implikuje, \u017ee kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd trh by byl zru\u0161en. M\u00edsto toho by se ekonomika m\u011bla \u0159\u00eddit centr\u00e1ln\u00edm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed komunist\u00e9. To ale znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ekonomickou a politickou moc by m\u011bli stejn\u00ed lid\u00e9. Takov\u00e1 koncentrace moci je docela nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, jak mnoz\u00ed marxist\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b uznali. V zemi, kde je jedin\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatelem st\u00e1t, odpor znamen\u00e1 smrt pomal\u00fdm hladov\u011bn\u00edm, zvolal jednou Trockij. Dal\u0161\u00ed marxistka, Rosa Luxemburgov\u00e1, pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee svoboda je ve skute\u010dnosti v\u017edy svobodou nesouhlasit. Kdo bude tisknout opozi\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, kdy\u017e v\u0161echny tiska\u0159sk\u00e9 stroje jsou ve vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu?<\/p>\n

Ale argument, \u017ee koncentrace moci je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd, a\u0165 je jakkoli p\u00e1dn\u00fd. Anglo-rakousk\u00fd ekonom Friedrich von Hayek<\/a> ve sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 Cest\u011b do nevolnictv\u00ed<\/em> p\u0159edlo\u017eil dal\u0161\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed argument pro nevyhnutelnost \u00fatlaku za komunismu. Jde o to, \u017ee centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u0161echny znalosti rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 mezi r\u016fzn\u00e9 jednotlivce v ekonomice. Aby si centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di zjednodu\u0161ili sv\u016fj \u00fakol, mus\u00ed se proto sna\u017eit zm\u011bnit preference jednotlivc\u016f, a k tomu mus\u00ed zapojit v\u0161echny s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 mohou ovliv\u0148ovat a formovat lidskou du\u0161i, jako je vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, um\u011bn\u00ed, m\u00e9dia, soudnictv\u00ed, a dokonce i sport. Stalin tuto my\u0161lenku vn\u00edmav\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il, kdy\u017e \u0159ekl, \u017ee za komunismu spisovatel\u00e9 museli b\u00fdt \u201ein\u017een\u00fd\u0159i du\u0161e\u201c. Op\u011bt plat\u00ed, \u017ee komunisti\u010dt\u00ed vl\u00e1dci se mus\u00ed sna\u017eit zajistit poslu\u0161nost mas v\u0161emi mo\u017en\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, ale tak\u00e9 odstranit disidenty, pochybova\u010de, kritiky, odp\u016frce nebo, jak by sami \u0159ekli, sabot\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

Zl\u00e1 postava z hory Korydallos<\/h2>\n

Marxovou obl\u00edbenou postavou z \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologie byl Prom\u00e9theus, kter\u00fd ukradl ohe\u0148 boh\u016fm a pou\u017eil ho k tomu, aby dal lidstvu technologii, znalosti a civilizaci obecn\u011b. Marx se nepochybn\u011b vid\u011bl jako modern\u00ed Prom\u00e9theus. Ale ve skute\u010dnosti byl sp\u00ed\u0161e jako dal\u0161\u00ed postava z \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologie, Prokrustes, zl\u00fd hostitel hory Korydallos na posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 cest\u011b z Ath\u00e9n a Eleusis. Procrustes m\u011bl postel, ve kter\u00e9 zval kolemjdouc\u00ed, aby p\u0159enocovali. Pokud byly na postel p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, nat\u00e1hl je sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji. Pokud byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 na postel, amputoval je. V\u0161ichni se museli vej\u00edt do postele. To mus\u00ed d\u011blat pl\u00e1nova\u010di za komunismu. Jednotlivci mus\u00ed splnit pl\u00e1n, nebo zem\u0159\u00edt nebo hladov\u011bt. Nem\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt naopak, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jedin\u00fd pl\u00e1n nem\u016f\u017ee vyhovovat v\u0161em jednotlivc\u016fm, z d\u016fvodu, kter\u00fd Hayek vysv\u011btlil, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed znalost\u00ed. Ve svobodn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohou v\u0161ichni jednotlivci sledovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny a \u00fakolem vl\u00e1dy je jednodu\u0161e zajistit, aby p\u0159i tomto \u00fasil\u00ed neporu\u0161ovali pr\u00e1va ostatn\u00edch. Sobota byla stvo\u0159ena pro \u010dlov\u011bka, ne \u010dlov\u011bk pro sobotu.<\/p>\n

Selhal syst\u00e9m, ne nutn\u011b lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli jej zav\u00e9st. Je v\u0161ak stejn\u011b nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by v komunistick\u00fdch zem\u00edch vyhr\u00e1li boj o moc humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci, jako \u017ee se ze soucitn\u00fdch osob stanou p\u00e1ni bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed na otrok\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. Pokud syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje zl\u00e9 skutky, odm\u011bn\u00ed zl\u00e9 lidi. Ve sv\u00e9m z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed se stalinismem se Nikita Chru\u0161\u010dov pokusil p\u0159esunout vinu z Lenina na Stalina t\u00edm, \u017ee se dovol\u00e1val \u201ekultu osobnosti\u201c. Z\u00e1znam ale ukazuje, \u017ee Lenin byl stejn\u011b krut\u00fd jako Stalin. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jako mlad\u00fd mu\u017e v roce 1891 protestoval proti sb\u00edrce na ob\u011bti hladomoru v kraj\u00edch kolem Volhy. Lenin tvrdil, \u017ee se v\u011bci mus\u00ed zhor\u0161it, aby se mohly zlep\u0161it. Kdy\u017e se Lenin ned\u00e1vno chopil moci, poslal 11. srpna 1918 sv\u00fdm soudruh\u016fm do Penzy notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fd telegram: \u201eSoudruzi! Povst\u00e1n\u00ed p\u011bti kulak\u016f by m\u011blo b\u00fdt nel\u00edtostn\u011b potla\u010deno. Z\u00e1jmy cel\u00e9 revoluce to vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u201eposledn\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitva\u201c s kulaky nyn\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u0161ude. Je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edklad. 1) Pov\u011bste (naprosto viset, p\u0159ed zraky lid\u00ed) nejm\u00e9n\u011b sto zn\u00e1m\u00fdch kulak\u016f, tlou\u0161t\u00edk\u016f, pijavic krve. 2) Zve\u0159ejn\u011bte jejich jm\u00e9na. 3) Seberte jim v\u0161echno obil\u00ed. 4) Ur\u010dete rukojm\u00ed.\u201c Lenin byl Prokrustovec stejn\u011b jako Stalin.<\/p>\n

Procrustes je st\u00e1le kolem<\/h2>\n

Byl to tento prokrustovsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd padl, kdy\u017e se v roce 1991 zhroutil Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b<\/a> jsem popsal, jak m\u011b probudil m\u016fj p\u0159\u00edtel David Oddsson, islandsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r, v \u010dasn\u00fdch rann\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 19. srpna, kdy\u017e se na Z\u00e1pad\u011b objevily prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o pokusu tvrd\u00fdch komunist\u016f o pu\u010d. Byli jsme nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b velmi znepokojeni. Kdy\u017e se o den nebo dva pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pokus selhal, pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b vyu\u017eily p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a znovu potvrdily svou nez\u00e1vislost vyhl\u00e1\u0161enou v roce 1918. Jejich postoj byl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b takov\u00fd, \u017ee nikdy dobrovoln\u011b a leg\u00e1ln\u011b nevstoupili do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Prost\u011b je obsadila Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Oddsson, siln\u00fd antikomunista, kter\u00fd si jako mlad\u00fd student pr\u00e1v nechal p\u0159elo\u017eit do island\u0161tiny knihu o sov\u011btsk\u00e9m \u00fatlaku Estonska, se okam\u017eit\u011b rozhodl ve spolupr\u00e1ci se sv\u00fdm ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed Jonem B. Hannibalssonem, stejn\u011b pevn\u00fdm odp\u016frcem komunismu, obnovit diplomatick\u00e9 styky s pobaltsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Island byl prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tak u\u010dinila.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m pohledu nebyl rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1991 samoz\u0159ejmou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Byla to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, kter\u00e1 se n\u00e1hle naskytla a kterou pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed pod sov\u011btskou kuratelou vyu\u017eily. Hayekov\u00fdm argumentem nebylo, \u017ee komunistick\u00e9 re\u017eimy nemohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Sp\u00ed\u0161e to bylo tak, \u017ee centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed by nikdy nebylo schopno dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch stanoven\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f a \u017ee \u00fatlak v masivn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku byl nevyhnuteln\u00fd, pokud m\u011bli pl\u00e1nova\u010di z\u016fstat u moci. Rusk\u00e1 komunistick\u00e1 elita v\u0161ak byla rozd\u011blena. N\u00e1hle se st\u0159etla s pevn\u00fdmi a odhodlan\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky v Ronaldu Reaganovi a Margaret Thatcherov\u00e9 a bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu chyb\u011bj\u00ed zdroje, aby vyhr\u00e1l z\u00e1vod ve zbrojen\u00ed se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Rusk\u00e1 elita ztratila v\u00edru v sebe sama a mnoho jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f se cht\u011blo vyhnout krvav\u00e9 l\u00e1zni. Nemohla n\u00e1sledovat p\u0159\u00edkladu Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny a zachr\u00e1nit se znovuzaveden\u00edm kapitalismu ve stejnou dobu, kdy nebyla povolena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 opozice. Nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed komunist\u00e9 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad je odsouzen k z\u00e1hub\u011b. Z\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed se kapitalismu a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee jsou ochotni vnutit svou v\u016fli nejen sv\u00fdm poddan\u00fdm, ale i sv\u00fdm soused\u016fm. Jejich z\u0159eknut\u00ed se kapitalismu je bude st\u00e1t draho, ale pokud budou ochotni a schopni pou\u017e\u00edt dostate\u010dnou s\u00edlu, mohou se udr\u017eet u moci. V roce 1991 vyhr\u00e1l Z\u00e1pad suver\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Ale objevuj\u00ed se nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Procrustes je st\u00e1le kolem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, v roce 1991, se Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zhroutil. Z\u00e1pad vyhr\u00e1l studenou v\u00e1lku… Na v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed Platformy evropsk\u00e9 pam\u011bti a sv\u011bdom\u00ed ve dnech 11. \u2013 13. listopadu 2021 v Praze jsem byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n, abych p\u0159ednesl hlavn\u00ed refer\u00e1t o ud\u00e1lostech roku 1991, kdy se rozpadl Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a vzniklo n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Vyu\u017eil jsem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[328,339,344,356,364],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-2372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-northern-europe-cs","regions-southern-europe-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nJak se Prom\u00e9theus stal Prokrustem - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/jak-se-prometheus-stal-prokrustem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak se Prom\u00e9theus stal Prokrustem - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety, v roce 1991, se Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zhroutil. 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