- Boj proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migraci pr\u00e1v\u011b nabral nov\u00fd sm\u011br – mnohem rozhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br<\/li><\/a>
- Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed se \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed demokrat\u00e9 p\u0159ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fdmi volbami obnovit?<\/li><\/a>
- „Skute\u010dn\u00e1 pravda o v\u011bci“ (aneb relevance machiavellistick\u00fdch koncept\u016f v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b)<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n
Jak zn\u00e1mo, ji\u017en\u00ed p\u00f3l (nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e Antarktida) je zcela zaledn\u011bn\u00e1 zem\u011b, na n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 stanice r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch velmoc\u00ed nebo zem\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi zem\u011bpisn\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy. Na severn\u00edm p\u00f3lu je situace jin\u00e1.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Shutterstock_1933878803.jpg\")
Arktida je ve skute\u010dnosti tvo\u0159ena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pol\u00e1rn\u00edm ledov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkrovem a Severn\u00edm ledov\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem, d\u00e1le pak v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi ostrovy a souostrov\u00edmi, jako je Gr\u00f3nsko (sou\u010d\u00e1st D\u00e1nska) nebo \u0160picberky (sou\u010d\u00e1st Norska), a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi oblastmi zem\u00ed soused\u00edc\u00edch s Arktidou: Kanady, Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Ruska a ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho D\u00e1nska a Norska.<\/p>\nChladn\u00e9 a nehostinn\u00e9 mo\u0159e se stalo op\u011bt velmi aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm nejen kv\u016fli hojnosti podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zost\u0159uj\u00ed n\u00e1roky na svrchovanost nad nimi, ale je zde i d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 sm\u011bs n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch cest, kter\u00e1 otev\u00edr\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e jak z obchodn\u00edho, tak – bohu\u017eel – i z v\u00e1le\u010dn\u011b-vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska.<\/p>\n
Jestli\u017ee interpretace „asijsk\u00fdch obr\u016f“ (\u010c\u00edny, Japonska a Indie) by r\u00e1da vid\u011bla Arktidu jako „mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 dobro“, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z utilit\u00e1rn\u00edho d\u016fvodu, aby omezila expanzi Ruska a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a vyu\u017eila zdroje pro v\u00fdrobu sv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zem\u011b soused\u00edc\u00ed s Arktidou by p\u0159irozen\u011b cht\u011bly m\u00edt pom\u011brn\u011b jasnou a z\u0159etelnou region\u00e1ln\u00ed identitu.<\/p>\n
Dosud nalezen\u00e1 dohoda navazuje na Konferenci OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu ze 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed, podle n\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1ty po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed svrchovanosti nad p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zdroji do vzd\u00e1lenosti 370 km od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e to, co le\u017e\u00ed za touto hranic\u00ed, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by objektivn\u011b mohlo fungovat, ale hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je nemo\u017enost dos\u00e1hnout t\u00e9to mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oblasti bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edho pr\u016fjezdu „n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi“ vodami, co\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 znemo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se tam mohou nach\u00e1zet. Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee 13 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob ropy a 30 % zemn\u00edho plynu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Arktid\u011b.<\/p>\n
Kdo dnes hraje roli „mistra“, je Rusko: ji\u017e v roce 2007 uk\u00e1zala expedice Arktika 2007 veden\u00e1 Arturem \u010cilingarovem ostatn\u00edm konkurent\u016fm technologick\u00fd pokrok t\u00edm, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017e\u00e1dosti o zm\u011bnu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hranic t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se Beringova \u0161elfu vyv\u011bsila na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b severn\u00edho p\u00f3lu vlajku.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-03-at-16.24.21-min.png\")
Je zde tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek: jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, Arktida by umo\u017enila mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed cestu, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee vzd\u00e1lenost mezi \u0160anghaj\u00ed a Montrealem je 7 700 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch Severn\u00edm ledov\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 11 300 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi m\u00edlemi, kter\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00ed samotn\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav a New York p\u0159es Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav; nav\u00edc Arktida p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159skou oblast, zejm\u00e9na pro ty zem\u011b, pro kter\u00e9 jsou ryby hlavn\u00ed potravou, jako je Japonsko, ale tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i pro USA, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee 60 % ryb, kter\u00e9 se v Americe konzumuj\u00ed, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Beringova mo\u0159e.<\/p>\nJe t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu hospod\u00e1\u0159skou katastrofu zp\u016fsobenou p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm „p\u0159edpol\u00e1rn\u00edch“ vod: sta\u010d\u00ed si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 ekonomika Skotska a Norska je v kolapsu, zat\u00edmco ekonomika Islandu a d\u00e1nsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1, a to v\u0161e v d\u016fsledku migrace makrel do chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n
V sou\u010dasnosti by v\u0161ak bylo nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a reduktivn\u00ed pova\u017eovat situaci v Arktid\u011b za „v\u0161ichni proti Rusku“: naopak, v r\u00e1mci t\u011bchto n\u00e1rok\u016f se do mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dlouh\u00fdch diplomatick\u00fdch konflikt\u016f zapojily i v podstat\u011b „sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9“ zem\u011b. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem je takzvan\u00e1 „v\u00e1lka o whisky“, kterou vedly D\u00e1nsko a Kanada. D\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm st\u0159etu je Hans\u016fv ostrov, neobydlen\u00fd ostr\u016fvek, kter\u00fd je v podstat\u011b p\u0159ep\u016flen n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hranic\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma n\u00e1rody: sem pravideln\u011b p\u0159iplouvalo d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a kanadsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo, vzty\u010dovalo svou vlajku a u nohou sv\u00e9ho praporu nech\u00e1valo l\u00e1hev d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 brandy nebo kanadsk\u00e9 whisky, aby ji „protivn\u00edci“ mohli vyp\u00edt p\u0159i pohledu na \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky. Tento spor, ve skute\u010dnosti obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd, v\u0161ak trval 50 let a skon\u010dil a\u017e po n\u011bkolika letech stanoven\u00edm pozemn\u00ed hranice na ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Shutterstock_230932528-scaled.jpg\")
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Antarktidy je situace zjevn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed: zde si \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky na v\u011bdeck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny \u010dasto \u010din\u00ed sedm zem\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Argentina, Austr\u00e1lie, Chile, Francie, Norsko, Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\nP\u0159\u00edtomnost jihoamerick\u00fdch a oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed je d\u00e1na podstatn\u00fdm „roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm“ jejich st\u00e1tn\u00edch hranic prom\u00edtnut\u00fdch do Antarktidy, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edtomnost Francie a Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie vych\u00e1z\u00ed z jejich koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed minulosti. P\u0159\u00edtomnost Nor\u016f je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a je v\u00fdsledkem zku\u0161enost\u00ed tohoto obyvatelstva s pr\u016fzkumem ledovcov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedly k \u010detn\u00fdm pr\u016fzkum\u016fm a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm na \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Tyto n\u00e1roky v\u0161ak ve skute\u010dnosti nejsou uzn\u00e1ny na univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, ale vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed ze Smlouvy o Antarktid\u011b, podepsan\u00e9 v roce 1959, a v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se s nimi po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee chilsk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed s argentinsk\u00fdmi a britsk\u00fdmi oblastmi. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Argentinci jsou p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f, proto\u017ee se okam\u017eit\u011b projevili jako ti, kdo maj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem o vyu\u017eit\u00ed antarktick\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed: jsou prvn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumnou a v\u00fdzkumnou z\u00e1kladnou, Base Esperanza, kde bylo nav\u00edc zaznamen\u00e1no prvn\u00ed narozen\u00ed na antarktick\u00e9m kontinentu, i kdy\u017e se o tomto z\u00e1znamu diskutuje kv\u016fli norsk\u00e9 d\u00edvce, o n\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se narodila v Antarktid\u011b, ale byla zaznamen\u00e1na a\u017e pozd\u011bji v pohostinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee velk\u00fd kus \u00fazem\u00ed Antarktidy, 1 610 000 km2, je nezabran\u00fd. Tuto oblast, Marie Byrd Land, objevil americk\u00fd admir\u00e1l Richard Evelyn Byrd v roce 1929 a pojmenoval ji po sv\u00e9 man\u017eelce: a\u010dkoli existovaly v\u0161echny d\u016fvody pro americk\u00fd n\u00e1rok, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty rad\u011bji nevznesly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky a de facto oblast objevily a\u017e na v\u00fdzkumnou stanici v letech 1957 a\u017e 1972.<\/p>\n
V \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch, sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch a osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech se objevily r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed ze strany dal\u0161\u00edch jihoamerick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, jako je Ekv\u00e1dor, Uruguay, Peru a Braz\u00edlie, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zjevn\u011b z\u00e1jem vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u00fazem\u00ed pro v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Dnes je Antarktida skute\u010dnou sv\u011btovou laborato\u0159\u00ed se 77 stanicemi 29 r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n
Smlouva o Antarktid\u011b, k n\u00ed\u017e byl v roce 1998 p\u0159ipojen protokol, zakazuje jak\u00e1koli v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed nebo t\u011b\u017ebu pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely ne\u017e v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, co\u017e je jeden ze skute\u010dn\u00fdch bod\u016f geopolitick\u00e9 soudr\u017enosti na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. Z\u00e1kaz t\u011b\u017eby v\u0161ak vypr\u0161\u00ed v roce 2048, tj. 50 let po podpisu protokolu.<\/p>\n
Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch pozorovatel\u016f je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee protokol bude znovu podeps\u00e1n a jeho platnost prodlou\u017eena, a to i a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, aby nedo\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b ekologick\u00e9 a geopolitick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy. Je v\u0161ak skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee pokud se v roce 2048 vyskytnou mnohem v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti, m\u016f\u017ee se Antarktida st\u00e1t velmi zaj\u00edmavou a v t\u00e9 chv\u00edli bude obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zpomalit „ledov\u00e9 z\u00e1vody“ a ponechat spory o \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1roky nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9. , stejn\u011b jako bude velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 omezit z\u00e1jmy Ruska, \u010c\u00edny, Japonska a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na obsazen\u00ed i zna\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Arktick\u00e9 a antarktick\u00e9 oblasti se staly epicentrem nov\u00e9, intenzivn\u00ed „studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky“. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je to u\u017e jen slovn\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u010dka, ale p\u0159esto upozor\u0148uje na skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 pozornost. Hlavn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 mocnosti vedou tvrd\u00fd boj o kontrolu nad rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi a cenn\u00fdmi zdroji, kter\u00e9 se v t\u011bchto odlehl\u00fdch oblastech skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Kdysi byly tyto oblasti pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ne\u00farodn\u00e9 a nehostinn\u00e9, ale od t\u00e9 doby se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee se v nich nach\u00e1z\u00ed pokladnice p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ropy, zemn\u00edho plynu, miner\u00e1l\u016f a rybolovu. Vzhledem ke strategick\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee se mnoho st\u00e1t\u016f sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy v t\u011bchto odlehl\u00fdch, ale cenn\u00fdch oblastech.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Na stranick\u00e9 konferenci ECR na Kypru prob\u011bhla podrobn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza situace v Arktid\u011b a Antarktid\u011b. V Arktid\u011b a Antarktid\u011b nen\u00ed jen led, ale i geopolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a dlouh\u00e1 historie vlivu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo, ale velk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V p\u00e1tek 30. b\u0159ezna b\u011bhem stranick\u00e9 konference ECR po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 na Kypru vystoupila s p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 t\u00e9ma pan\u00ed Doaa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":23849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,158],"tags":[1343,1082,48,768,1342],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[404],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-24092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","category-politika","tag-antarctic","tag-arctic","tag-ecr","tag-ecrparty","tag-poles","editorial-positions-focus","regions-world-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\n
Jak "studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka" ovliv\u0148uje Pol\u00e1ky - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/jak-studena-valka-ovlivnuje-polaky\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak "studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka" ovliv\u0148uje Pol\u00e1ky - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na stranick\u00e9 konferenci ECR na Kypru prob\u011bhla podrobn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza situace v Arktid\u011b a Antarktid\u011b. V Arktid\u011b a Antarktid\u011b nen\u00ed jen led, ale i geopolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a dlouh\u00e1 historie vlivu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo, ale velk\u00fdch politick\u00fdch zem\u00ed. 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Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed se \u0161v\u00e9d\u0161t\u00ed demokrat\u00e9 p\u0159ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fdmi volbami obnovit?<\/li><\/a>