{"id":24875,"date":"2024-04-15T21:26:04","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T21:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/eslp-vymysli-zakon-islandsky-pripad"},"modified":"2024-04-15T21:26:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T21:26:04","slug":"eslp-vymysli-zakon-islandsky-pripad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/eslp-vymysli-zakon-islandsky-pripad","title":{"rendered":"ESLP vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed z\u00e1kon: Islandsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve \u0160trasburku, jak jsem uvedl ve dvou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, p\u0159ekro\u010dil sv\u00e9 pravomoci a vymyslel nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Jej\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edm a jedin\u00fdm \u00fakolem bylo a je pouze p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dosti ob\u010dan\u016f ze signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a rozhodovat, zda v jejich p\u0159\u00edpadech byla poru\u0161ena pr\u00e1va stanoven\u00e1 \u00damluvou. V reakci na ned\u00e1vnou st\u00ed\u017enost sdru\u017een\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch \u017een, kter\u00e9 se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, ESLP vylo\u017eil \u010dl\u00e1nek 8 \u00damluvy o &#8222;pr\u00e1vu na respektov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho a rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota&#8220; tak, \u017ee zahrnuje &#8222;pr\u00e1vo jednotlivc\u016f na \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu ze strany st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky zm\u011bny klimatu na jejich \u017eivoty, zdrav\u00ed, blahobyt a kvalitu \u017eivota&#8220;. Toto nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nem\u00e1 oporu v \u00damluv\u011b ani v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed praxi (judikatu\u0159e) Soudu. V reakci na st\u00ed\u017enost Islan\u010fana, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety odsouzen za trestn\u00fd \u010din ve t\u0159ech stupn\u00edch dev\u00edti soudci, z nich\u017e jeden byl jmenov\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed hodnot\u00edc\u00ed komise, pak ESLP vylo\u017eil \u010dl\u00e1nek 6 \u00damluvy o pr\u00e1vu na spravedliv\u00fd proces nestrann\u00fdmi soudci tak, \u017ee zahrnuje pr\u00e1vo odsouzen\u00e9ho zlo\u010dince na to, aby byl vyslechnut soudci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nejen kvalifikovan\u00ed, ale hodnot\u00edc\u00ed komise je pova\u017euje za &#8222;nejkvalifikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed&#8220;. Jedin\u00e1 soudkyn\u011b v jeho p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kterou hodnot\u00edc\u00ed komise p\u0159ed jej\u00edm jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm neza\u0159adila na seznam &#8222;nejkvalifikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch&#8220; uchaze\u010d\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd ministru spravedlnosti, byla p\u0159esto v\u00fdborem uzn\u00e1na za kvalifikovanou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u00e1kon v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vy\u017eaduje pouze potvrzen\u00ed jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Parlamentem, co\u017e se tak\u00e9 stalo. Byla tedy z\u00e1konn\u00fdm soudcem. Pro toto nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo op\u011bt neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad v \u00damluv\u011b ani v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed praxi ESLP (judikatura). Jak ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m, tak v islandsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161trasbursk\u00fd soud ignoroval d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pravidla, podle nich\u017e by m\u011bl fungovat: z\u00e1sadu subsidiarity, podle n\u00ed\u017e by se politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky m\u011bly \u0159e\u0161it na co nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed nebo m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni, a z\u00e1sadu voln\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, podle n\u00ed\u017e by ka\u017ed\u00e1 signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zem\u011b \u00famluvy m\u011bla m\u00edt ur\u010ditou volnost p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdkladu jej\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a protokol\u016f. Zde se budu zab\u00fdvat jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem, kdy ESLP nevymyslel pr\u00e1vo, ale kdy byl spoluvin\u00edkem p\u0159i vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil k odsouzen\u00ed nevinn\u00e9 osoby. Soud tak poru\u0161il \u00factyhodnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1sadu, \u017ee bez z\u00e1kona nen\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed, <em>nulla poena sine lege<\/em>. O tomto p\u0159\u00edpadu jsem ji\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/europeanconservative.com\/articles\/analysis\/the-impeachment-of-geir-h-haarde-part-i-political-machinations-and-legal-manoeuvres\/\">psal<\/a>, ale r\u00e1d bych vyu\u017eil t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k jeho shrnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Odep\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k soud\u016fm<\/h3>\n<p>\u017dalobcem byl Geir H. Haarde, p\u0159edseda st\u0159edopravicov\u00e9 Strany nez\u00e1vislosti a p\u0159edseda islandsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v letech 2006-2009. Po <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stjornarradid.is\/lisalib\/getfile.aspx?itemid=29cca5ac-c0c6-11e8-942c-005056bc530c\">traumatick\u00e9m kolapsu cel\u00e9ho islandsk\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho sektoru<\/a> v \u0159\u00edjnu 2008 se Geir ujal iniciativy, aby byly p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny kolapsu vy\u0161et\u0159eny. Byla jmenov\u00e1na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise slo\u017een\u00e1 ze soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu, parlamentn\u00edho ombudsmana a nov\u011b vystudovan\u00e9ho u\u010ditele financ\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdbor\u016f ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch vedl SIC sv\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v utajen\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 po\u017eadovali a z\u00edskali imunitu v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00edm, a\u010dkoli islandsk\u00e1 \u00fastava stanov\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na to, aby o jeho pr\u00e1vech a povinnostech rozhodl nez\u00e1visl\u00fd a nestrann\u00fd soud po spravedliv\u00e9m procesu a v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tak byl v podstat\u011b odep\u0159en p\u0159\u00edstup k soudu.<\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/vyznam-statnich-svatku'>V\u00fdznam st\u00e1tn\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/tajna-dohoda-s-bruselskymi-byrokraty'>Tajn\u00e1 dohoda s bruselsk\u00fdmi byrokraty?<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/od-esg-ke-krestanske-etice-od-krestanske-etiky-ke-krestanske-krestanske-vire-pripad-pro-moralni-kapitalismus'>Od ESG ke k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 etice: Od k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 etiky ke k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e: P\u0159\u00edpad pro mor\u00e1ln\u00ed kapitalismus<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>SIC p\u0159edlo\u017eil svou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rna.is\/eldri-nefndir\/addragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008\/skyrsla-nefndarinnar\/english\/\">zpr\u00e1vu<\/a> v dubnu 2010. Konstatovala, \u017ee kolaps banky byl d\u016fsledkem rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu bankovn\u00edho sektoru v n\u011bkolika p\u0159edchoz\u00edch letech. Nebylo to v\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e popis toho, co se stalo. Ve skute\u010dnosti \u0161lo o konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee islandsk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed sektor padl, proto\u017ee byl zraniteln\u00fd, co\u017e je trochu jako \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee kus skla se rozbije, proto\u017ee sklo je rozbitn\u00e9. SIC se v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nezab\u00fdval mo\u017enost\u00ed, \u017ee kolaps islandsk\u00e9 banky byl <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Black-Swan-Impact-Highly-Improbable\/dp\/B0C3D873HN\/\">&#8222;\u010dernou labut\u00ed&#8220;:<\/a> nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 kombinace n\u011bkolika okolnost\u00ed a rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Zp\u011btn\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1va<\/h3>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho o SIC koncem roku 2008, dva m\u011bs\u00edce po krachu, ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b obvinila t\u0159i b\u00fdval\u00e9 ministry vl\u00e1dy, v\u010detn\u011b Geira H. Haardeho, a \u010dty\u0159i b\u00fdval\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky z nedbalosti v n\u011bkolika bodech v pr\u016fb\u011bhu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed vedouc\u00edch ke krachu banky, a\u010dkoli konstatovala, \u017ee mezi touto \u00fadajnou nedbalost\u00ed a samotn\u00fdm krachem nelze prok\u00e1zat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou souvislost. Jeliko\u017e v\u0161ak minist\u0159i nebyli obvin\u011bni z nedbalosti v tradi\u010dn\u00edm, \u00fazk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm slova smyslu, ale v nov\u00e9m a mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu, jednalo se o jasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad retroaktivn\u00ed aplikace pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed se rozhodlo nepodat trestn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed na \u010dty\u0159i \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 SIC obvinila z nedbalosti. Podle islandsk\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f by v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed ministr\u016f vl\u00e1dy projedn\u00e1val zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed soud pro ob\u017ealobu (Landsdomur). Tento soud se skl\u00e1dal z osmi laik\u016f volen\u00fdch parlamentem a sedmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jmenoval Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud (p\u011bt), okresn\u00ed soud v Reykjav\u00edku (jeden) a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 fakulta Islandsk\u00e9 univerzity (jeden, profesor \u00fastavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va). Islandsk\u00fd parlament proto jmenoval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdbor, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zpr\u00e1vu SIC p\u0159ezkoumat, a zejm\u00e9na rozhodnout, zda nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu pochyben\u00ed ze strany vl\u00e1dn\u00edch ministr\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f parlamentn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho v\u00fdboru n\u00e1sledn\u011b doporu\u010dila vzn\u00e9st obvin\u011bn\u00ed proti t\u0159em ministr\u016fm, kter\u00e9 SIC obvinil z nedbalosti, a tak\u00e9 proti ministru zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00fd v letech 2007-2009 vedl jednu ze dvou vl\u00e1dn\u00edch stran, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n<h3>Obvin\u011bn\u00ed bez vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina parlamentn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho v\u00fdboru p\u0159ijala p\u011bt konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch obvin\u011bn\u00ed z nedbalosti uveden\u00fdch ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b SIC, p\u0159idala \u0161est\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e SIC zv\u00e1\u017eil a rozhodl se je neza\u0159adit: \u017ee premi\u00e9r Geir H. Haarde a ostatn\u00ed minist\u0159i vl\u00e1dy neza\u0159adili bankovn\u00ed krizi na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, jak m\u011bli u\u010dinit podle islandsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8222;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti&#8220; by m\u011bly b\u00fdt projedn\u00e1v\u00e1ny na zased\u00e1n\u00edch vl\u00e1dy. N\u00e1sledn\u011b Parlament hlasoval odd\u011blen\u011b o obvin\u011bn\u00edch vznesen\u00fdch proti \u010dty\u0159em vl\u00e1dn\u00edm ministr\u016fm, jak je zvykem, pokud n\u011bkdo po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o odd\u011blen\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o n\u00e1vrhu slo\u017een\u00e9m z v\u00edce \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed; jinak se obvykle hlasuje o jednom n\u00e1vrhu. V\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 Strany nez\u00e1vislosti hlasovali proti ob\u017ealob\u011b, v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 Hnut\u00ed a Levicov\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch hlasovali pro ob\u017ealobu v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 ministr\u016f, zat\u00edmco Pokrokov\u00e1 strana a Strana soci\u00e1ln\u00edch demokrat\u016f se rozd\u011blily. V\u00fdsledkem bylo, \u017ee ob\u017ealov\u00e1n byl pouze Geir H. Haarde. Dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i minist\u0159i byli u\u0161et\u0159eni, jeden ze Strany nez\u00e1vislosti a dva ze soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie.<\/p>\n<p>Parlamentn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed v\u00fdbor neprovedl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak vy\u017eaduj\u00ed islandsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch trestn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech. Pouze zopakoval a p\u0159evzal z\u00e1v\u011bry SIC, a\u010dkoli se podle z\u00e1kona p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho po krachu banky t\u00fdkaly nedbalosti. V\u00fdbor nav\u00edc p\u0159idal \u0161est\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed &#8211; \u00fadajnou nedbalost p\u0159i za\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed bankovn\u00ed krize na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, ani\u017e by provedl nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u016fvodn\u00edho z\u00e1m\u011bru \u00fastavn\u00edho ustanoven\u00ed, praxe od roku 1920, kdy bylo toto ustanoven\u00ed zavedeno, a toho, co se d\u011blo na zased\u00e1n\u00edch vl\u00e1dy p\u0159ed kolapsem. Pot\u00e9, co parlament odhlasoval ob\u017ealobu Geira H. Haardeho, byl jmenov\u00e1n zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce. U soudu bojovala a vyhr\u00e1la spor o p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em Geirov\u00fdm e-mail\u016fm z doby, kdy byl p\u0159edsedou vl\u00e1dy. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v t\u011bchto e-mailech neshledala nic usv\u011bd\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho, jej\u00ed argumentace p\u0159ed ob\u017ealovac\u00edm soudem se op\u00edrala pouze o zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed SIC s dodate\u010dn\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00edm ze zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, ani\u017e by k tomuto obvin\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bla jakoukoli podstatnou argumentaci, nato\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 reakce ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho na n\u011bj.<\/p>\n<h3>Nesrovnalosti p\u0159i jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soudc\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, a\u010dkoli se o tom tehdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nemluvilo, \u017ee p\u0159i jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ze sedmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edch expert\u016f v impeachmentov\u00e9m soudu do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika nesrovnalostem. Nejprve se stalo, \u017ee jeden ze soudc\u016f Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu byl \u017eenat\u00fd s profesorkou \u00fastavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a oba nemohli b\u00fdt \u010dleny soudu. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se mezi sebou dohodli, \u017ee slu\u017ebu bude vykon\u00e1vat soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu a \u017ee jeho man\u017eelka povol\u00e1 n\u00e1hradn\u00edka z pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakulty. P\u0159edseda impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu v\u0161ak v tomto smyslu neu\u010dinil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9, kdy\u017e byl z\u00e1stupce okresn\u00edho soudu v Reykjav\u00edku v pr\u016fb\u011bhu procesu jmenov\u00e1n do Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu, z p\u0159\u00edpadu odstoupil, zat\u00edmco islandsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed tradice je takov\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpady a\u017e do jejich ukon\u010den\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed stejn\u00ed soudci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1hradn\u00ed soudce z pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakulty nad\u00e1le p\u016fsobil u ob\u017ealovac\u00edho soudu, a\u010dkoli byl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu procesu jmenov\u00e1n i do Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu. Ani v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebylo p\u0159edsedou Soudn\u00edho dvora vyd\u00e1no form\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed, a to je mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jeden ze soudc\u016f impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu, Eirikur Tomasson, byl v ml\u00e1d\u00ed tvrd\u00fdm politick\u00fdm odp\u016frcem Geira H. Haardeho. Byl p\u0159edsedou Mlad\u00fdch pokrok\u00e1\u0159\u016f a politick\u00fdm asistentem ministra spravedlnosti za Pokrokovou stranu, zat\u00edmco Geir byl p\u0159edsedou Mlad\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch a politick\u00fdm asistentem ministra financ\u00ed za Stranu nez\u00e1vislosti. Eirikur, tehdej\u0161\u00ed profesor pr\u00e1va na Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, byl tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z uchaze\u010d\u016f o m\u00edsto soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu v roce 2004. Kdy\u017e se ministr spravedlnosti odvolal, byl jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm pov\u011b\u0159en Geir, tehdej\u0161\u00ed ministr financ\u00ed, kter\u00fd jmenoval dal\u0161\u00edho uchaze\u010de, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho advok\u00e1ta, s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce advok\u00e1t\u016f u soudu. Eirikur ve\u0159ejn\u011b neskr\u00fdval sv\u016fj hn\u011bv nad t\u00edm, \u017ee ho obe\u0161li.<\/p>\n<p>Existoval je\u0161t\u011b jeden d\u016fvod, pro\u010d pochybovat o Eirikurov\u011b nestrannosti. Svou profesuru si dopl\u0148oval prac\u00ed na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek jako mana\u017eer Islandsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro pr\u00e1va skladatel\u016f, kter\u00e1 vyb\u00edrala autorsk\u00e9 poplatky za provozov\u00e1n\u00ed hudby a n\u00e1sledn\u011b je vypl\u00e1cela dr\u017eitel\u016fm pr\u00e1v. V\u011bt\u0161inu zna\u010dn\u00fdch aktiv Spole\u010dnosti dr\u017eel ve fondech pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho trhu, kter\u00e9 na rozd\u00edl od bankovn\u00edch vklad\u016f nebyly garantov\u00e1ny z\u00e1konem. Kdy\u017e Geir jako p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy navrhl b\u011bhem krachu bank v roce 2008 z\u00e1kon, podle n\u011bho\u017e m\u011bli vkladatel\u00e9 p\u0159ednostn\u00ed n\u00e1rok na bankovn\u00ed aktiva, Eirikur to ve\u0159ejn\u011b odsoudil jako kr\u00e1de\u017e ostatn\u00edch v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f bank (v\u010detn\u011b investor\u016f do fond\u016f pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho trhu, jako je jeho Spole\u010dnost). Kdy\u017e byl Eirikur Tomasson ve\u0159ejn\u011b dot\u00e1z\u00e1n, zda je schopen soudit sv\u00e9ho d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho rivala, odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee v tom nevid\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Geir se rozhodl ne\u0159e\u0161it svou kompetenci v p\u0159\u00edpadu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee bude zpro\u0161t\u011bn viny ve v\u0161ech bodech ob\u017ealoby.<\/p>\n<h3>Odsouzen\u00ed bez z\u00e1kona<\/h3>\n<p>Impeachmentov\u00fd soud vynesl rozsudek v dubnu 2012. P\u0159edt\u00edm jednomysln\u011b zam\u00edtl dv\u011b obvin\u011bn\u00ed proti Geiru H. Haardemu a nyn\u00ed ho jednomysln\u011b zprostil t\u0159\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed. V\u0161ech t\u011bchto p\u011bt obvin\u011bn\u00ed bylo zalo\u017eeno na zp\u011btn\u00e9m obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze strany SIC z nedbalosti. Impeachmentov\u00fd soud se rozd\u011blil v \u0161est\u00e9m bod\u011b ob\u017ealoby, podle kter\u00e9ho Geir zanedbal \u00fastavn\u00ed povinnost za\u0159adit bankovn\u00ed krizi na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Dev\u011bt z patn\u00e1cti soudc\u016f hlasovalo pro odsouzen\u00ed za toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed, ale bez jak\u00e9hokoli trestu a s t\u00edm, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 soudn\u00ed n\u00e1klady budou p\u0159ips\u00e1ny st\u00e1tu. \u0160est soudc\u016f hlasovalo pro osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed rozsudek s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u00fastavn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy bylo zavedeno v roce 1920, kdy byl Island monarchi\u00ed v person\u00e1ln\u00ed unii s d\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd s\u00eddlil v Kodani. P\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy obvykle dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl s\u00e1m do Kodan\u011b na zased\u00e1n\u00ed St\u00e1tn\u00ed rady, kde kr\u00e1l form\u00e1ln\u011b schvaloval z\u00e1kony a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed akty. Toto ustanoven\u00ed bylo zavedeno proto, aby m\u011bl p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd mand\u00e1t od sv\u00fdch koleg\u016f. Po vzniku republiky by se toto ustanoven\u00ed m\u011blo podle men\u0161iny vykl\u00e1dat tak, \u017ee se t\u00fdk\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed souhlas prezidenta ve St\u00e1tn\u00ed rad\u011b. Nikdy se n\u011bjak\u00fdm z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem neprom\u011bnilo v obecnou \u00fastavn\u00ed povinnost za\u0159azovat v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti na form\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. N\u011bkolik ministr\u016f Geirovy vl\u00e1dy p\u0159ed soudem pro ob\u017ealobu tak\u00e9 vypov\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee se o bankovn\u00ed krizi \u010dasto hovo\u0159ilo na sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy, ale do z\u00e1pisu o nich nebylo nic zaps\u00e1no, proto\u017ee \u0161lo o citliv\u00e1 t\u00e9mata.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli byl Geir H. Haarde zpro\u0161t\u011bn v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00ed, t\u011b\u017eko se smi\u0159oval s odsouzen\u00edm za pon\u011bkud zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee neza\u0159adil bankovn\u00ed krizi na form\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Proto se obr\u00e1til na Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve \u0160trasburku s t\u00edm, \u017ee mu nebylo p\u0159izn\u00e1no pr\u00e1vo na spravedliv\u00fd proces podle \u00damluvy. Podle n\u011bj byla poru\u0161ena z\u00e1sada, \u017ee bez z\u00e1kona nen\u00ed trestu, nebo\u0165 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1kon nestanov\u00ed obecnou povinnost premi\u00e9ra za\u0159adit v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti na form\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. \u0160trasbursk\u00fd soud se rozhodl p\u0159\u00edpad projednat. Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, koncem roku 2013, byl v\u0161ak islandsk\u00fdm soudcem u \u0161trasbursk\u00e9ho soudu jmenov\u00e1n Robert Spano, bl\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel a spojenec n\u011bkter\u00fdch soudc\u016f z v\u011bt\u0161iny impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu a dvou ze t\u0159\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f SIC, rovn\u011b\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fd levicov\u00fd odp\u016frce Geirovy Strany nez\u00e1vislosti. Byl pracovit\u00fd, cti\u017e\u00e1dostiv\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd a brzy se stal dominantn\u00ed silou dvora. Form\u00e1ln\u011b se z Haardeho p\u0159\u00edpadu odvolal, proto\u017ee v t\u00e9to v\u011bci radil parlamentn\u00edmu kontroln\u00edmu v\u00fdboru a ve\u0159ejn\u011b h\u00e1jil v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd n\u00e1zor impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu. Uplynuly \u010dty\u0159i dlouh\u00e9 roky. Rozhodnut\u00ed \u0161trasbursk\u00e9ho soudu bylo vyd\u00e1no a\u017e koncem roku 2017. Zopakoval Span\u016fv p\u0159edchoz\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee Haardeho pr\u00e1va nebyla poru\u0161ena, nebo\u0165 trestn\u00fd \u010din, za kter\u00fd byl odsouzen, byl dostate\u010dn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b definov\u00e1n. To v\u0161ak bylo z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Neu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdhodu pochybnost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdklad \u00fastavn\u00edho ustanoven\u00ed, na n\u011bm\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina zalo\u017eila sv\u00e9 odsouzen\u00ed, byl p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm pochybn\u00fd, zat\u00edmco v\u0161echny pochybnosti m\u011bly b\u00fdt rozhodnuty ve prosp\u011bch Geira H. Haardeho. Mnoho ministr\u016f vl\u00e1dy nav\u00edc vypov\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee o bankovn\u00ed krizi se \u010dasto neform\u00e1ln\u011b diskutovalo na sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti se na sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy op\u011bt neprojedn\u00e1valy. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f byla revize smlouvy o obran\u011b mezi Islandem a Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty z roku 1956. Ve vl\u00e1d\u011b byl \u010dlen politick\u00e9 strany s vazbami na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a jeho kolegov\u00e9 ho vylou\u010dili z citliv\u00fdch diskus\u00ed o zahrani\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem bylo spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed islandsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra a ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed z roku 2003 na podporu vojensk\u00e9 akce Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed v Ir\u00e1ku. Posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad byl obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd, proto\u017ee jeden ze soudc\u016f v\u011bt\u0161iny impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu, tehdej\u0161\u00ed profesor pr\u00e1va Eirikur Tomasson, ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee dva vl\u00e1dn\u00ed minist\u0159i nejednali nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ed ozn\u00e1men\u00edm podpory neporadili se sv\u00fdmi kolegy.<\/p>\n<p>Geir H. Haarde byl z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpad proti n\u011bmu bude posouzen v\u00fdhradn\u011b po pr\u00e1vn\u00ed str\u00e1nce, a to jak islandsk\u00fdm impeachmentov\u00fdm soudem, tak Evropsk\u00fdm soudem pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve \u0160trasburku. Proto se nezab\u00fdval v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm ani individu\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsobilost\u00ed soudc\u016f Impeachment Court. Koncem roku 2016 v\u0161ak vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee t\u0159i z v\u011bt\u0161iny soudc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed Geira odsoudili, a v\u0161ichni z Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu, vlastnili v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pod\u00edly v bank\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 v roce 2008 zkrachovaly. Geirovo rozhodnut\u00ed v roce 2008 nepokou\u0161et se o z\u00e1chranu bank a m\u00edsto toho stanovit vkladatele jako p\u0159ednostn\u00ed z\u00e1jemce o aktiva bank m\u011blo p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad na akcion\u00e1\u0159e, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed soudc\u016f. Tato skute\u010dnost se stala zn\u00e1mou je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vyd\u00e1n\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho soudu pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, ale z\u0159ejm\u011b jej neovlivnila. Jedin\u00fd disentuj\u00edc\u00ed soudce \u0161trasbursk\u00e9ho soudu, Pol\u00e1k Krzysztof Wojtyczek, v\u0161ak p\u0159ijal argument, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu vylo\u017eila \u00fastavn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy v\u00edce, ne\u017e bylo vhodn\u00e9. Nikde nespat\u0159oval \u00fastavn\u00ed povinnost p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1dy konat zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech. Proto byla poru\u0161ena z\u00e1sada, \u017ee nelze odsoudit bez z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee ve sv\u00e9 ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 islandsk\u00e9 knize o impeachmentu Geira H. Haardeho jsem odhalil \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd Eirikur Tomasson zve\u0159ejnil na internetu bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po krachu banky, v \u00fanoru 2009, a v n\u011bm\u017e vinu za n\u011bj p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 zneu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 moci. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek kr\u00e1tce nato z internetu zmizel a v dob\u011b, kdy se Eirikur stal soudcem Impeachment Court, o n\u011bm nebylo nic zn\u00e1mo. To by jist\u011b zpochybnilo jeho zp\u016fsobilost b\u00fdt soudcem hlavn\u00edho dr\u017eitele v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 moci p\u0159ed a b\u011bhem krachu banky, islandsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n<h3>Byl vynalezen z\u00e1kon<\/h3>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Geira H. Haardeho ESLP, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pod zhoubn\u00fdm vlivem Roberta Spana, p\u0159ijal nev\u011brohodn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br v\u011bt\u0161iny islandsk\u00e9ho impeachmentov\u00e9ho soudu, \u017ee existuje jasn\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed povinnost p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1dy za\u0159adit v\u0161echny &#8222;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti&#8220; na form\u00e1ln\u00ed program zased\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Stejn\u011b jako v\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u017ealovac\u00edho soudu tak ignoroval p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br \u00fastavn\u00edho ustanoven\u00ed o sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy, obt\u00ed\u017enost smyslupln\u00e9ho vymezen\u00ed &#8222;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed&#8220;, sv\u011bdectv\u00ed n\u011bkolika ministr\u016f Geirovy vl\u00e1dy, \u017ee bankovn\u00ed krize byla na sch\u016fz\u00edch vl\u00e1dy \u010dasto neform\u00e1ln\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1na, citlivost v\u0161ech informac\u00ed o v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch probl\u00e9mech islandsk\u00fdch bank (kter\u00e9 by se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by byly zn\u00e1my, zm\u011bnily v sebenapl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se proroctv\u00ed o jejich krachu) a precedenty, kdy byla rozhodnut\u00ed v &#8222;d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech&#8220; p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na bez konzultace s cel\u00fdm kabinetem, a to skute\u010dn\u011b z d\u016fvodu jejich citliv\u00e9 povahy. Z\u00e1kon byl vynalezen, nikoli nalezen.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u016fzn\u00e9 motivy<\/h3>\n<p>Jednalo se o v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee motivy jeho hlavn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f byly mnohostrann\u00e9. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise (SIC) byla ovlivn\u011bna celon\u00e1rodn\u00edm traumatem zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm krachem banky. Mnoho Islan\u010fan\u016f bylo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno, \u017ee p\u0159ed kolapsem byly sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, a v\u016fbec neuva\u017eovali o tom, \u017ee by se mohlo jednat o necht\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fsledek n\u011bkolika okolnost\u00ed a rozhodnut\u00ed. Kdy\u017e SIC nena\u0161el d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee by se vy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00ed minist\u0159i nebo vysoc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci dopustili n\u011bjak\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, jednodu\u0161e vymyslel pravidlo o nedbalosti v \u0161irok\u00e9m slova smyslu, kter\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u011b aplikoval na obdob\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed kolapsu.<\/p>\n<p>Motivy poslanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hlasovali pro impeachment, byly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm politick\u00e9. Necht\u011bli, aby dobr\u00e1 krize p\u0159i\u0161la vnive\u010d. Byla to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost odsoudit po mnoho desetilet\u00ed dominantn\u00ed stranu islandsk\u00e9 politiky, Stranu nez\u00e1vislosti, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ozna\u010dit jej\u00ed veden\u00ed za skupinu zlo\u010dinc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Motivy soudc\u016f v\u011bt\u0161iny ob\u017ealovac\u00edho soudu se mohly do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry shodovat s motivy SIC: uklidnit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b si uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee Geir H. Haarde se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu nedopustil, ale ob\u00e1vali se dopadu \u00fapln\u00e9ho zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed viny: proto Geira odsoudili na z\u00e1klad\u011b ban\u00e1ln\u00edho obvin\u011bn\u00ed, bez jak\u00e9hokoli trestu a p\u0159ips\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech n\u00e1klad\u016f st\u00e1tu. Byl to co nejm\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozsudek, pokud v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00fd mohl b\u00fdt. Soudci Geirov\u00fdm \u017ealobc\u016fm hodili kost.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed soudci v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 cht\u011bli veden\u00ed Strany nez\u00e1vislosti jemn\u011b p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee nen\u00ed rozumn\u00e9 ignorovat jejich doporu\u010den\u00ed ohledn\u011b jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soudc\u016f. Nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm, \u017ee na Islandu ji\u017e dlouho prob\u00edhal boj o pravomoc jmenovat soudce. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed soudci cht\u011bli zajistit, aby si nov\u00e9 soudce, sv\u00e9 budouc\u00ed kolegy, vyb\u00edrali sami, a nikoli ministr spravedlnosti. Geir vyvolal jejich hn\u011bv v roce 2004, kdy\u017e se p\u0159i jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu postavil proti jejich doporu\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm motivem bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed soudci Ob\u017ealovac\u00edho soudu vlastnili v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pod\u00edly v padl\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch a vadilo jim, \u017ee se Geir rozhodl nepokou\u0161et se banky zachr\u00e1nit, ale rad\u011bji je d\u00e1t do likvidace a up\u0159ednostnit vkladatele p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi v\u011b\u0159iteli bank.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ctvrt\u00fd motiv byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b politick\u00fd. V\u0161ech osm soudc\u016f zvolen\u00fdch Parlamentem hlasovalo striktn\u011b podle stranick\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, \u010dty\u0159i levicov\u00ed soudci byli pro odsouzen\u00ed a \u010dty\u0159i st\u0159edopravicov\u00ed pro osvobozen\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina ze sedmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edch expert\u016f v impeachmentov\u00e9m soudu byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b politicky um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e1, Eirikur Tomasson byl v politice aktivn\u00ed jako soupe\u0159 Geira H. Haardeho.<\/p>\n<h3>Kr\u00e1l\u00edci z klobouku<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 by to nem\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. Krach islandsk\u00e9 banky v roce 2008 byl n\u00e1rodn\u00edm traumatem. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch lidech to probudilo to nejlep\u0161\u00ed, v jin\u00fdch to nejhor\u0161\u00ed. Nouzov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd Geir H. Haarde navrhl na po\u010d\u00e1tku bankovn\u00edho kolapsu, omezil vl\u00e1dn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky a zachr\u00e1nil zemi p\u0159ed finan\u010dn\u00ed katastrofou. Ekonomika se brzy zotavila. Skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 v\u0161ak bylo, \u017ee \u0161trasbur\u0161t\u00ed soudci p\u0159ijali pr\u00e1vn\u00ed man\u00e9vry v\u011bt\u0161iny v Impeachment Court. Tito soudci vypadali jako profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed kouzeln\u00edci v cirkuse, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00edsto kr\u00e1l\u00edk\u016f obratn\u011b vytahuj\u00ed z klobouku nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a nov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. To by mo\u017en\u00e1 bylo z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, kdyby to nem\u011blo negativn\u00ed dopad na ob\u010dany signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech. Uzurpov\u00e1n\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed ESLP v jednom p\u0159\u00edpadu za druh\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 politick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. D\u016fv\u011bra v tuto instituci pomalu upad\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve \u0160trasburku, jak jsem uvedl ve dvou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, p\u0159ekro\u010dil sv\u00e9 pravomoci a vymyslel nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Jej\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edm a jedin\u00fdm \u00fakolem bylo a je pouze p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dosti ob\u010dan\u016f ze signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a rozhodovat, zda v jejich p\u0159\u00edpadech byla poru\u0161ena pr\u00e1va stanoven\u00e1 \u00damluvou. V reakci na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":24812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[574,796,917,72,1385],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[344],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-24875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","tag-european-council","tag-european-court-of-human-rights","tag-finance","tag-iceland","tag-switzerland","editorial-positions-focus","regions-northern-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ESLP vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed z\u00e1kon: Islandsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/eslp-vymysli-zakon-islandsky-pripad\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ESLP vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed z\u00e1kon: Islandsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evropsk\u00fd soud pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ve \u0160trasburku, jak jsem uvedl ve dvou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, p\u0159ekro\u010dil sv\u00e9 pravomoci a vymyslel nov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Jej\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edm a jedin\u00fdm \u00fakolem bylo a je pouze p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dosti ob\u010dan\u016f ze signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a rozhodovat, zda v jejich p\u0159\u00edpadech byla poru\u0161ena pr\u00e1va stanoven\u00e1 \u00damluvou. 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Jej\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edm a jedin\u00fdm \u00fakolem bylo a je pouze p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dosti ob\u010dan\u016f ze signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech a rozhodovat, zda v jejich p\u0159\u00edpadech byla poru\u0161ena pr\u00e1va stanoven\u00e1 \u00damluvou. 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