{"id":25221,"date":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/eu-tezi-mene-nez-3-sve-potreby-ropy"},"modified":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","slug":"eu-tezi-mene-nez-3-sve-potreby-ropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/eu-tezi-mene-nez-3-sve-potreby-ropy","title":{"rendered":"EU t\u011b\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u011b\u017eba ropy v Evropsk\u00e9 unii v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch dramaticky kles\u00e1 a z\u00e1vislost na dovozu ropy a ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f dos\u00e1hla v roce 2022 historick\u00e9ho maxima. EU dok\u00e1\u017ee vyt\u011b\u017eit pouze m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy. Na druhou stranu, stejn\u00e1 3 % ji \u0159ad\u00ed na posledn\u00ed m\u00edsto v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch producent\u016f ropy. V posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch klesla kapacita t\u011b\u017eby ropy v EU na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 % v d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159echodu na zemn\u00ed plyn. <\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci EU se nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed producenti ropy li\u0161\u00ed od nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch dodavatel\u016f ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f. V prvn\u00ed kategorii producent\u016f ropy je Rumunsko na t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, ale ve druh\u00e9 kategorii je daleko vzadu, na konci \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f je probl\u00e9mem Rumunska nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e1 kapacita, v n\u00ed\u017e Rumunsko v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zna\u010dn\u011b zaost\u00e1valo. Od doby sv\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu na konci 19. stolet\u00ed a\u017e do 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byla d\u00edky vlastn\u00ed produkci p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b, pro\u0161la obrovsk\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi n\u011bmeckou okupac\u00ed a o\u017eiven\u00edm ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu v letech komunismu, kdy se masivn\u011b investovalo do budov\u00e1n\u00ed rafin\u00e9rsk\u00fdch kapacit. Rumunsko dnes st\u00e1le t\u011b\u017e\u00ed pouze 3 miliony tun ropy a m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovinu rafineri\u00ed z dob komunismu.<\/p>\n

It\u00e1lie, jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch producent\u016f ropy v Evrop\u011b.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu za rok 2022 je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm producentem ropy It\u00e1lie s 4,5 milionu tun, n\u00e1sleduje D\u00e1nsko – 3,2 milionu tun a hned za n\u00edm Rumunsko – 3 miliony tun. Pokud jde o ropn\u00e9 produkty – v\u010detn\u011b benzinu a nafty, ale tak\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel pro chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl -, na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je N\u011bmecko, kter\u00e9 zpracovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 milion\u016f tun. Na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b je It\u00e1lie se 74,6 milionu tun ropn\u00e9ho ekvivalentu. N\u00e1sleduje \u0160pan\u011blsko s 63,4 milionu tun a Nizozemsko s 59,6 milionu tun. Rumunsko je v druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, kter\u00fd zahrnuje zem\u011b produkuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 milion\u016f tun ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu sice ceny ropy od vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b vzrostly, ale produkce ropy v EU nad\u00e1le klesala a hodnota dovozu prudce vzrostla. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2021 se produkce ropy v EU v roce 2022 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed o 7,4 % na historick\u00e9 minimum 16,3 milionu tun. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 dovoz dos\u00e1hl nov\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho maxima 97,7 %, kdy\u017e p\u0159ed rokem prudce klesl na 91,6 % a dos\u00e1hl tak t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9ho minima. T\u011b\u017eba ropy v EU kles\u00e1 od roku 2004, kdy dos\u00e1hla vrcholu p\u0159es 40 milion\u016f tun. V procentech to znamen\u00e1 pokles o 60 % za 20 let. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Energy Institute 2022, kter\u00e9 zpracoval Visual Capitalist, je p\u0159\u00ed\u010din tohoto poklesu n\u011bkolik, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch na \u00farovni EU a p\u0159echodu k p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu. Zat\u00edmco produkce ropy kles\u00e1, u ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f z evropsk\u00fdch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed tomu tak nen\u00ed. V roce 2022 bylo v rafineri\u00edch EU zpracov\u00e1no 544,3 milionu tun ropn\u00e9ho ekvivalentu, co\u017e je o 4,5 % v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2021. V roce 2022 EU dovezla 479,6 milionu tun ropy. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nakupovaly ropn\u00e9 produkty. Nejv\u00edce se dov\u00e1\u017eelo z Ruska – 88,4 milionu tun, Norska – 54,1 milionu tun, USA – 48,3 milionu tun, Ir\u00e1ku – 37,2 milionu tun a Kazachst\u00e1nu – 36,6 milionu tun. <\/span><\/p>\n

USA, jedna p\u011btina celkov\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky ropy <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle Energetick\u00e9ho institutu nelze tento trend poklesu t\u011b\u017eby ropy pozorovat u hlavn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch producent\u016f. USA, kter\u00e9 jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm producentem ropy, v roce 2018 t\u011b\u017eily rekordn\u00edch 18 milion\u016f barel\u016f denn\u011b (co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 2,6 milionu tun) v roce 2022. S t\u00edmto mno\u017estv\u00edm tvo\u0159\u00ed USA p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011btinu celkov\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob ropy. Za USA n\u00e1sleduje Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie s 12 miliony barel\u016f denn\u011b a na t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je Rusko s 11 miliony barel\u016f denn\u011b. Spolu s Kanadou, kter\u00e1 t\u011b\u017e\u00ed 5,6 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b, a Ir\u00e1kem, kter\u00fd t\u011b\u017e\u00ed 4,5 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u011bt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na sv\u011btov\u00e9m trhu s ropou v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu celkov\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky. Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Braz\u00edlie, Kuvajt a \u010c\u00edna dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky po rop\u011b. Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 produkce t\u011bchto 10 tr\u017en\u00edch gigant\u016f vzrostla v roce 2022 o 4,2 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rokem 2021.<\/p>\n

Dovoz ropy do Rumunska se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Evropsk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho institutu se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee produkce ropy v Rumunsku v roce 2022 klesne o 6 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem. Klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend v t\u011b\u017eb\u011b zmi\u0148uje i N\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro strategii a progn\u00f3zy v Bukure\u0161ti, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1le odhaduje pokles rumunsk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby ropy v letech 2023-2026 v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 2,2 % ro\u010dn\u011b v d\u016fsledku p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho \u00fabytku lo\u017eisek a nerozv\u00edjen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch kapacit. Odborn\u00edci z Bukure\u0161ti z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee dovoz ropy se ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 4,1 %. <\/span><\/p>\n

Toto procento se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt nev\u011brohodn\u00e9, uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme-li, \u017ee dovoz ropy do Rumunska v roce 2022 vzrostl o 27 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm rokem. Celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dovezen\u00e9 ropy \u010dinilo 8,9 milionu tun, co\u017e je prakticky trojn\u00e1sobek produkce. Po vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b a embargu na ruskou ropu, kter\u00e1 je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f dovozu ropy a ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f do Rumunska, poch\u00e1z\u00ed surovina pro t\u0159i zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed rafinerie zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ropu na rumunsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed z Kazachst\u00e1nu a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 40 % mno\u017estv\u00ed zpracovan\u00e9ho v t\u011bchto rafineri\u00edch poch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze z Kazachst\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

V Rumunsku jsou st\u00e1le v provozu pouze 4 z 34 rafineri\u00ed <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V dob\u011b prosincov\u00e9 revoluce v roce 1989 m\u011blo Rumunsko deset rafineri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1valy 34 milion\u016f tun ropy. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zpracovatelsk\u00e1 kapacita byla mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed kapacita, ale tak\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159eba, rumunsk\u00fd st\u00e1t v obdob\u00ed komunismu ropu masivn\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eel, zejm\u00e9na z \u00cdr\u00e1nu a Ir\u00e1ku, a ropn\u00e9 produkty vyv\u00e1\u017eel d\u00e1le. Po p\u00e1du Ceausescova re\u017eimu z\u016fstaly v obdob\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 privatizace, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovala, \u010dty\u0159i z deseti rafineri\u00ed. V posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech desetilet\u00edch se dostaly do zahrani\u010dn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed, kdo v Rumunsku investoval do ropy, byla v roce 1995 rusk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Lukoil, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159evzala rafinerii Petrotel. N\u00e1sledovala privatizace nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rumunsk\u00e9 rafinerie Petromidia N\u0103vodari, kterou po \u0159ad\u011b zm\u011bn ve vlastnictv\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, je\u017e ji p\u016fvodn\u011b privatizovala, ovl\u00e1dla kaza\u0161sk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed ropn\u00e1 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost KazMunayGaz a nakonec rakousk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost OMV, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evzala kontrolu nad posledn\u00ed rumunskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed v oboru a s n\u00ed i nad rafineri\u00ed Petrobrazi Ploie\u0219ti. \u010ctvrt\u00e1 rafinerie v Rumunsku – Vega Ploiesti – pat\u0159\u00ed stejn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed i Petromidii N\u0103vodari. Spole\u010dnost Vega ropu neraf\u00ednuje, pouze vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty ze spole\u010dnosti Petromidia. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed t\u0159i rafinerie vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed benzin a naftu, rafinerie Vega vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bitumen, ale tak\u00e9 kapaln\u00e1 topn\u00e1 paliva a dal\u0161\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00e9 produkty.<\/p>\n

S rafin\u00e9rskou kapacitou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 6 milion\u016f tun ro\u010dn\u011b je Petromidia N\u0103vodari jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed v oblasti \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % rumunsk\u00e9 rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e9 kapacity. Rafinuje hlavn\u011b ropu z Kazachst\u00e1nu, a to s podporou v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho akcion\u00e1\u0159e, spole\u010dnosti vlastn\u00edka, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 flotilu tanker\u016f, je\u017e rozv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ropu po \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Rumunsko, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 s t\u011b\u017ebou ropy 150 let zku\u0161enost\u00ed, zaznamenalo v t\u00e9to oblasti n\u011bkolik v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 \u00fapadek. V roce 1857 bylo Rumunsko prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e produkce ropy byla zaznamen\u00e1na v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch statistik\u00e1ch (275 tun), a p\u0159edb\u011bhlo tak USA. Rumunsko tak\u00e9 vybudovalo prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed ropn\u00fd vrt a Bukure\u0161\u0165 byla prvn\u00edm m\u011bstem na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 bylo osv\u011btleno petrolejem. V meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed byla p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u011b\u017eba ropy v Evropsk\u00e9 unii v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch dramaticky kles\u00e1 a z\u00e1vislost na dovozu ropy a ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f dos\u00e1hla v roce 2022 historick\u00e9ho maxima. EU dok\u00e1\u017ee vyt\u011b\u017eit pouze m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy. Na druhou stranu, stejn\u00e1 3 % ji \u0159ad\u00ed na posledn\u00ed m\u00edsto v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch producent\u016f ropy. V posledn\u00edch dvou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[219,230],"tags":[1411,1410],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[328,339,344,356,364],"types":[415],"class_list":["post-25221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie","category-zivotni-prostredi","tag-europes-top-oil-producers","tag-european-unions-oil","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-northern-europe-cs","regions-southern-europe-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","types-news-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nEU t\u011b\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/eu-tezi-mene-nez-3-sve-potreby-ropy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EU t\u011b\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u011b\u017eba ropy v Evropsk\u00e9 unii v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch dramaticky kles\u00e1 a z\u00e1vislost na dovozu ropy a ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f dos\u00e1hla v roce 2022 historick\u00e9ho maxima. EU dok\u00e1\u017ee vyt\u011b\u017eit pouze m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 % sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ropy. Na druhou stranu, stejn\u00e1 3 % ji \u0159ad\u00ed na posledn\u00ed m\u00edsto v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch producent\u016f ropy. 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