{"id":2545,"date":"2022-05-16T08:15:52","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T08:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/podivne-chovani-evropskych-instituci"},"modified":"2022-05-16T08:20:51","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T08:20:51","slug":"podivne-chovani-evropskych-instituci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/podivne-chovani-evropskych-instituci","title":{"rendered":"Podivn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Existence rozpor\u016f mezi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi soudy a Soudn\u00edm dvorem Evropsk\u00e9 unie je v z\u00e1sad\u011b fenom\u00e9nem, kter\u00fd by pr\u00e1vn\u00edka nem\u011bl p\u0159ekvapit; jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 jurisdik\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat r\u016fzn\u00e1 a dokonce protich\u016fdn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Dalo by se v\u0161ak o\u010dek\u00e1vat zaveden\u00fd jasn\u00fd mechanismus pro ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fd z t\u011bchto dvou by m\u011bl p\u0159evl\u00e1dnout, mechanismus akceptovan\u00fd v\u0161emi. Bohu\u017eel, proto\u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9 unii, zd\u00e1 se zcela jasn\u00e9, \u017ee z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 chyba v jej\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu zpochyb\u0148uje jej\u00ed velmi z\u00e1va\u017enost.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u011bkolik vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fastavn\u00edch soud\u016f ji\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b zpochybnilo rozsudky Soudn\u00edho dvora Evropsk\u00e9 unie, jako\u017e i z\u00e1sadu p\u0159ednosti evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va p\u0159ed pr\u00e1vem vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm, kterou Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr vymyslel v roce 1963. Z rozsudku Van Gend & Loos, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto citov\u00e1n jako p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 z\u00e1sady p\u0159ednosti, lucembursk\u00fd soud prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty omezuj\u00ed svou suverenitu p\u0159i podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed Smluv, co\u017e je nanejv\u00fd\u0161 podivn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, proto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti neexistuje lze nal\u00e9zt ve Smlouv\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V rozsudku Costa v. ENEL (15. \u010dervence 1964) Soud d\u00e1le uvedl, \u017ee \u201e<\/span> p\u0159ednost pr\u00e1va Spole\u010denstv\u00ed je potvrzena \u010dl\u00e1nkem 189, podle n\u011bho\u017e je na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edmo pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/span><\/i>„. Dal\u0161\u00ed trapn\u00e1 dedukce, proto\u017ee ani z\u00e1vaznost, ani p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 aplikace nutn\u011b neur\u010duj\u00ed prvenstv\u00ed. Nedostatek logiky, nejen pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, ale pouze z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, ze strany velkolep\u011b odm\u011b\u0148ovan\u00fdch soudc\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie je dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou vadou v pevnosti t\u00e9to mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Je pravda, \u017ee v souladu s \u010dl. 19 odst. 3 Smlouvy o Evropsk\u00e9 unii rozhoduje jej\u00ed Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr o v\u00fdkladu pr\u00e1va Unie ao platnosti akt\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch jej\u00edmi org\u00e1ny, ale to mu nezaru\u010duje \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159ednost.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Na tyto nesrovnalosti p\u0159irozen\u011b upozornily r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. P\u0159ed Polskem a Ma\u010farskem \u2013 n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b chovaly m\u00e9n\u011b otrocky v\u016f\u010di bruselsk\u00e9 kryptokracii \u2013 n\u011bmeck\u00fd Spolkov\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed soud zna\u010dn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eil princip p\u0159ednosti. Byla to ot\u00e1zka pen\u011bz a u\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 pen\u00edze jsou p\u0159ece jen podstatn\u011b \u0159\u00edzeny z Frankfurtu, nikoli z Belgie nebo Lucemburska. Stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee kdysi kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 m\u011bsto Hessia nen\u00ed jen s\u00eddlem Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, ale ne n\u00e1hodou tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Kdy\u017e byla vytvo\u0159ena Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka, aby kontrolovala zmatek v eurech, bylo o tom rozhodnuto v Berl\u00edn\u011b a p\u0159ijato v Bruselu, Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a tak\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch nesm\u011bl\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch kancl\u00e9\u0159\u00edch. Finance Bruselu a cel\u00e9 Unie maj\u00ed b\u00fdt spravov\u00e1ny patn\u00e1ct minut autem od kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho m\u011bnov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Na tomto pozad\u00ed soudci z Karlsruhe dne 5. kv\u011btna 2020 p\u0159edlo\u017eili sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed ve v\u011bci Weiss, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prohl\u00e1sili, \u017ee dv\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie byla<\/span> ultra vires<\/span><\/i> . a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proti\u00fastavn\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ty poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed od v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky a Soudn\u00edho dvora Evropsk\u00e9 unie o programu n\u00e1kupu evropsk\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dluhu. V d\u016fsledku toho N\u011bmecko zpochyb\u0148ovalo autoritu obou.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu nejednala Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed, kdy\u017e nakoupila dluhopisy v hodnot\u011b 2,6 bilionu eur, proto\u017ee operace m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159edem schv\u00e1lena jak n\u011bmeckou feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dou, tak<\/span> Spolkov\u00fdm sn\u011bmem<\/span><\/i> .. V d\u016fsledku toho n\u011bmeck\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed soud prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee ani rozhodnut\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, ani rozsudek Soudn\u00edho dvora Evropsk\u00e9 unie o schv\u00e1len\u00ed transakce by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt v N\u011bmecku provedeny.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010cten\u00e1\u0159 snadno post\u0159ehne tvrdost, kterou rezoluce n\u011bmeck\u00fdch soudc\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Pr\u00e1vo EU nepostr\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze ve\u0161kerou p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem; ale tak\u00e9 by se v N\u011bmecku nem\u011bla ani uplat\u0148ovat rozhodnut\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nav\u00edc byly p\u0159izn\u00e1ny i n\u00e1klady \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch pana Weisse a jeho spolu\u017ealobc\u016f. V\u0161echny finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky vynalo\u017een\u00e9 na odm\u011bny jejich pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f (\u0161estim\u00edstn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka) m\u011bly b\u00fdt vzhledem k jasnosti p\u0159\u00edpadu podle magistr\u00e1t\u016f z Karlsruhe vyplaceny z nabuzen\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny Spolkov\u00e9 republiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

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V praxi by se Bundesbanka ji\u017e ne\u00fa\u010dastnila programu n\u00e1kupu dluhopis\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky; Evropsk\u00e1 m\u011bnov\u00e1 autorita mohla pokra\u010dovat v z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dluhu, pokud by si to p\u0159\u00e1la a pokud by j\u00ed ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1rody milostiv\u011b umo\u017enily, aby v tom pokra\u010dovala, ale v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b s finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z N\u011bmecka. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 by zna\u010dn\u011b omezil man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed prostor v Unii.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci byli nakonec chr\u00e1n\u011bni, proto\u017ee koup\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dluhu Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka pos\u00edl\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vu t\u011bm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159ej\u00ed vz\u00edt na sebe v\u00edce dluh\u016f, s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee je koup\u00ed pokladn\u00ed org\u00e1n Unie. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddka ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dluhu ale sni\u017euje jeho cenu, tedy \u00farokovou sazbu, za kterou jej mus\u00ed takto zadlu\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1rody spl\u00e1cet. To by bylo nejen v rozporu s duchem Maastrichtsk\u00e9 smlouvy (kter\u00e1 zakazuje Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bance p\u0159\u00edmo nakupovat ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh od st\u00e1t\u016f), ale tak\u00e9 se z\u00e1jmy m\u00e1lo zadlu\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako je N\u011bmecko a jejich st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Krom\u011b toho by se rizika nespl\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u0159enesla tak\u00e9 na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 poplatn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed by je museli n\u00e9st v rozsahu, v jak\u00e9m by Bundesbanka byla hlavn\u00edm p\u0159isp\u011bvatelem do z\u016fstatku Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Oba org\u00e1ny EU, Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka i Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr, se pokusily vzdorovat kritice ohledn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edho financov\u00e1n\u00ed argumentem, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd m\u011bnov\u00fd org\u00e1n nep\u0159ekra\u010duje hranici t\u0159etiny ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dluhu vydan\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem. Ani to v\u0161ak n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed soudci nepova\u017eovali za dostate\u010dn\u00e9, jako dal\u0161\u00ed uk\u00e1zku toho, \u017ee prvenstv\u00ed je pro n\u011b chim\u00e9ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Po v\u00edce ne\u017e ro\u010dn\u00edm zr\u00e1n\u00ed, co by se m\u011blo d\u011blat s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm postojem, zaslala Evropsk\u00e1 komise 9. \u010dervna 2021 vl\u00e1d\u011b Spolkov\u00e9 republiky form\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f unijn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b princip\u016f autonomie, p\u0159ednosti, \u00fa\u010dinnost a jednotn\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako\u017e i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed jurisdikce Soudn\u00edho dvora. S Polskem a Ma\u010farskem jsou \u00fatoky trval\u00e9, ale zde bylo nutn\u00e9 znovu a znovu zva\u017eovat, jak jednat v\u016f\u010di Berl\u00ednu, ne\u017e bylo rozhodnuto o zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Web Evropsk\u00e9 komise zd\u016fraznil zejm\u00e9na, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu byla poru\u0161ena z\u00e1sada p\u0159ednosti unijn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. O dva m\u011bs\u00edce pozd\u011bji vl\u00e1da, j\u00ed\u017e p\u0159edsedal Olaf Scholz, odpov\u011bd\u011bla \u010dty\u0159str\u00e1nkov\u00fdm dopisem, ve kter\u00e9m N\u011bmecko, ani\u017e by zru\u0161ilo rozhodnut\u00ed sv\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu, uznalo principy autonomie, p\u0159ednosti, \u00fa\u010dinnosti a jednotn\u00e9ho uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va Unie, jako\u017e i hodnoty vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nkem 2 Smlouvy o Evropsk\u00e9 unii, zejm\u00e9na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nav\u00edc vl\u00e1da semaforu \u2013 podle barev sv\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran \u2013 ve sv\u00e9m dopise v\u00fdslovn\u011b prohl\u00e1sila pravomoc Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora, jeho\u017e rozhodnut\u00ed jsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 a nelze se proti nim odvolat. Dodal, \u017ee z\u00e1konnost akt\u016f instituc\u00ed Unie nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 kontrole \u00fastavnosti n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi soudy a lze se proti nim odvolat pouze u Soudn\u00edho dvora v Lucemburku.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u011bmeck\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f v\u00fdslovn\u011b potvrdila dodr\u017een\u00ed povinnosti loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v souladu s evropsk\u00fdmi smlouvami a zav\u00e1zala se vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u0161ech prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 k dispozici, aby se v budoucnu vyhnula opakov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, jako je rozhodnut\u00ed vydan\u00e9 dne 5. kv\u011btna 2020 soud v Karlsruhe.<\/span><\/p>\n

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S takov\u00fdmi prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi se Evropsk\u00e1 komise rozhodla o necel\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce pozd\u011bji ukon\u010dit postup, kter\u00fd tak hluboce zva\u017eovala zah\u00e1jit proti N\u011bmecku. Je to v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fale\u0161n\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed, zp\u016fsob jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd se op\u011bt ukazuje jako velmi ciz\u00ed jak\u00e9koli logice a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu smyslu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zaprv\u00e9 proto, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 exekutiva se neobt\u011b\u017eovala zpochyb\u0148ovat sv\u016fj \u00dastavn\u00ed soud. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Spolkov\u00e9 republiky zcela zjevn\u011b neumo\u017e\u0148uje kancl\u00e9\u0159i zru\u0161it rozhodnut\u00ed org\u00e1nu vykl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho Bonn <\/span>Grundgesetz<\/span><\/i> z roku 1949: ale mohl vydat ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, ani\u017e by to nechal na Evropsk\u00e9 komisi, nep\u0159\u00edmo a s p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fdm nedostatkem transparentnosti, kter\u00fd tuto unijn\u00ed instituci charakterizuje, sd\u011blit malou pozn\u00e1mku, kter\u00e1 by ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m umo\u017enila vymanit se z toho zmatku.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zadruh\u00e9 proto, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed soudu v Karlsruhe potvrzuje, \u017ee z\u00e1sadu p\u0159ednosti, tak velkoryse proklamovanou bruselsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady, nelze br\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nebo dokonce pova\u017eovat za odpadov\u00fd pap\u00edr, v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch z\u00e1jmech a faktick\u00e9 s\u00edle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho strany v boji. Bruselsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti p\u016fsobilo vlastn\u011b pon\u011bkud d\u011btinsky, jako v\u00fdtka u\u010ditele tyranovi, kter\u00fd poru\u0161il stejn\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 si m\u00e9n\u011b vlivn\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 netroufnou ignorovat, a to bez re\u00e1ln\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f a sankc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kone\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee nic z toho nebylo skute\u010dn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm probl\u00e9mu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e kompromisem mezi Berl\u00ednem a Bruselem, mo\u017en\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e po telefonick\u00e9m rozhovoru v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Ursula Gertrude, hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1jemce pal\u00e1ce Berlaymont, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z V\u00fdrobce l\u00e1tek z Br\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jorge Martinez a Miguel Toledano jsou poradci v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu pro Skupinu evropsk\u00fdch konzervativc\u016f a reformist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Existence rozpor\u016f mezi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi soudy a Soudn\u00edm dvorem Evropsk\u00e9 unie je v z\u00e1sad\u011b fenom\u00e9nem, kter\u00fd by pr\u00e1vn\u00edka nem\u011bl p\u0159ekvapit; jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 jurisdik\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat r\u016fzn\u00e1 a dokonce protich\u016fdn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Dalo by se v\u0161ak o\u010dek\u00e1vat zaveden\u00fd jasn\u00fd mechanismus pro ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fd z t\u011bchto dvou by m\u011bl p\u0159evl\u00e1dnout, mechanismus akceptovan\u00fd v\u0161emi. Bohu\u017eel, proto\u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,150,158],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[],"class_list":["post-2545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eseje-cs","category-obchod-a-ekonomika","category-politika"],"yoast_head":"\nPodivn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Existence rozpor\u016f mezi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi soudy a Soudn\u00edm dvorem Evropsk\u00e9 unie je v z\u00e1sad\u011b fenom\u00e9nem, kter\u00fd by pr\u00e1vn\u00edka nem\u011bl p\u0159ekvapit; jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 jurisdik\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny mohou p\u0159ij\u00edmat r\u016fzn\u00e1 a dokonce protich\u016fdn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. 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