{"id":27577,"date":"2024-05-24T06:37:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu"},"modified":"2024-05-24T06:37:26","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:37:26","slug":"falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","title":{"rendered":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O nemor\u00e1lnosti otroctv\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. Samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee jeden \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit a zneu\u017e\u00edvat druh\u00e9ho, je modern\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku odporn\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, ale fakt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho starosty Sadiqa Khana, \u017ee &#8222;n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod a m\u011bsto vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed sv\u00e9 roli v obchodu s otroky&#8220;. Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee kolonialismus je \u0161patn\u00fd, pokud se j\u00edm mysl\u00ed dobyt\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch slab\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1rod\u016f proti v\u016fli jejich p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o kolonialismu se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, ale fakt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrzen\u00ed levicov\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e Owena Jonese, \u017ee &#8222;krvav\u00e9 pen\u00edze kolonialismu obohatily z\u00e1padn\u00ed kapitalismus&#8220;. Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/dr-kristian-niemietz\/\">Kristian Niemietz<\/a> z Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/about-us\">institutu ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed<\/a> v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a \u010dtiv\u00e9 knize <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/publications\/imperial-measurement-a-cost-benefit-analysis-of-western-colonialism\/\">, kter\u00e1<\/a> vy\u0161la v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce, p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee tato dv\u011b tvrzen\u00ed jsou nepravdiv\u00e1. Jeho z\u00e1v\u011br zn\u00ed: &#8222;Kolonialismus a obchod s otroky byly v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zanedbateln\u00fdmi faktory hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016flomu Brit\u00e1nie a Z\u00e1padu a dost mo\u017en\u00e1 i \u010dist\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n<h3>Otroctv\u00ed neproduktivn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V roce 1776 Adam Smith v knize <a href=\"http:\/\/files.libertyfund.org\/files\/220\/0141-02_Bk.pdf\"><em>Bohatstv\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f<\/em> <\/a> \u017ee otroctv\u00ed nebylo produktivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee otroci nem\u011bli motivaci se nam\u00e1hat nebo odhalovat a rozv\u00edjet zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed schopnosti: &#8222;Zku\u0161enosti v\u0161ech v\u011bk\u016f a n\u00e1rod\u016f, jak se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 otroky, a\u010dkoli se zd\u00e1, \u017ee je stoj\u00ed jen jejich ob\u017eivu, je nakonec ze v\u0161ech nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Niemietz s t\u00edm souhlas\u00ed a klade si spoustu relevantn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek ohledn\u011b britsk\u00e9ho transatlantick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky. Jak velk\u00e9 byly zisky z otroctv\u00ed v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s celkovou velikost\u00ed britsk\u00e9 ekonomiky nebo britsk\u00fdch investic? P\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161ily tyto soukrom\u00e9 zisky n\u00e1klady da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f? Mohly by plant\u00e1\u017ee v Americe existovat bez otroctv\u00ed v men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku?<\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/dominance-italie-v-oblasti-vina-na-veletrhu-vinitaly-vyvoz-dosahl-78-miliardy-eur'>Dominance It\u00e1lie v oblasti v\u00edna na veletrhu Vinitaly: V\u00fdvoz dos\u00e1hl 7,8 miliardy eur.<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/zemrit-ve-23-letech-quentin-deranque'>Zem\u0159\u00edt ve 23 letech: Quentin Deranque<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/strategicke-nacasovani-silnejsi-partnerstvi'>Strategick\u00e9 na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>Modern\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zisky z obchodu s otroky se rovnaly necel\u00fdm 8 procent\u016fm celkov\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch investic. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i kdyby byli obchodn\u00edci s otroky neoby\u010dejn\u011b proz\u00edrav\u00fdmi investory, nep\u0159isp\u011bli by k celkov\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm investic\u00edm velkou m\u011brou. Z v\u00fdzkumu tak\u00e9 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee cukrov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle zobrazov\u00e1ny jako ba\u0161ty zotro\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, se v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozmachu pod\u00edlely na hodnot\u011b britsk\u00e9 ekonomiky pouh\u00fdmi 2,5 procenty. Bylo to m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad u chovu ovc\u00ed, ale jak Niemietz poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, nikdo netvrd\u00ed, \u017ee chov ovc\u00ed financoval nebo urychlil pr\u016fmyslovou revoluci.<\/p>\n<p>Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed otroctv\u00ed nav\u00edc zdaleka nebylo bez n\u00e1klad\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad obrana karibsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, kde se nach\u00e1zely cukrov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee. V dob\u011b obchodu s otroky m\u011bla Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b a britsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo bylo siln\u011b zdan\u011bno. Niemietz uzav\u00edr\u00e1: &#8222;Zisky byly v pom\u011bru k velikosti britsk\u00e9 ekonomiky mal\u00e9 a nemohly vysv\u011btlit v\u00edce ne\u017e mal\u00fd pod\u00edl celkov\u00fdch investic. Po ode\u010dten\u00ed fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f mohly b\u00fdt \u010dist\u00e9 zisky z\u00e1porn\u00e9. Niemietz nicm\u00e9n\u011b pochybuje, \u017ee by plant\u00e1\u017en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed bez otrok\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed prosperovalo. Jej\u00edm jedin\u00fdm pozitivn\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednosem pro evropskou ekonomiku bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to, \u017ee na ur\u010ditou dobu sn\u00ed\u017eila cenu cukru, k\u00e1vy a dal\u0161\u00edch tropick\u00fdch produkt\u016f z \u00farovn\u011b, kter\u00e9 by bylo dosa\u017eeno na voln\u00e9m trhu (s n\u00e1mezdn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed silou m\u00edsto otrok\u016f).<\/p>\n<h3>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd zisk pro koloniz\u00e1tory<\/h3>\n<p>Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee kolonialismus nen\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b tak \u0161patn\u00fd jako otroctv\u00ed. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, i kdy\u017e asi ne pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by civilizovan\u00fd n\u00e1rod dobyl zemi ob\u00fdvanou divok\u00fdmi kmeny, moud\u0159e j\u00ed vl\u00e1dl, vzd\u011bl\u00e1val lidi a postupn\u011b ji civilizoval. Ale kdy\u017e pomineme mor\u00e1lku, mohl b\u00fdt kolonialismus pro koloniz\u00e1tory v\u00fdhodn\u00fd? Adam Smith si to nemyslel a Otto von Bismarck s n\u00edm p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/shop\/zeitschriften\/apuz\/202989\/bismarck-und-der-kolonialismus\/\">souhlasil<\/a>. &#8222;Domn\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdhody koloni\u00ed pro obchod a pr\u016fmysl mate\u0159sk\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou iluzorn\u00ed. N\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, vydr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a zejm\u00e9na udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm koloni\u00ed,&#8220; poznamenal Bismarck, &#8222;toti\u017e velmi \u010dasto p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 z nich mate\u0159sk\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u00e1, nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ospravedlnit zna\u010dn\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda ve prosp\u011bch jednotliv\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed obchodu a pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<p>Niemietz se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159mi koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u0159\u00ed\u0161emi, britskou, francouzskou, n\u011bmeckou a belgickou. Poukazuje na to, \u017ee vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed koloni\u00ed nemohlo b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem britsk\u00e9 industrializace a bohatstv\u00ed. P\u0159ed rozvojem kontejnerov\u00e9 dopravy, dopravn\u00ed logistiky a komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnadnily mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod, byla v\u011bt\u0161ina britsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 aktivity dom\u00e1c\u00ed. I tehdy, v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed, byli nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi obchodn\u00edmi partnery Brit\u00e1nie jej\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed soused\u00e9, nikoli jej\u00ed kolonie. V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina britsk\u00fdch investic byla financov\u00e1na z dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u00faspor a z obchodu mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba vyv\u00e1\u017eit n\u00e1klady na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed v\u010delstev s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm ziskem. Niemietz p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mohou podporovat obchod uvnit\u0159 sv\u00fdch hranic, ale k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu obchodu venku by doch\u00e1zelo tak jako tak. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b odborn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1zor\u016f levicov\u00fdch historik\u016f, dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 skupiny mohly m\u00edt z britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria prosp\u011bch, ale \u017ee je pochybn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010dist\u00fd celkov\u00fd zisk byl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dist\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Francie se v\u0161ak zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla v podstat\u011b samofinancovateln\u00e1. Francie na tom tedy nebyla d\u00edky sv\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i ani l\u00e9pe, ani h\u016f\u0159e. V n\u011bmeck\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1znamy potvrzuj\u00ed Bismarckovo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na kolonie byly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zisk.<\/p>\n<h3>Ztr\u00e1ta pro kolonizovan\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Jedin\u00fdm koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm imp\u00e9riem, kde se zd\u00e1, \u017ee zisk pro koloniz\u00e1tora byl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady, bylo belgick\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium. Niemietz v\u0161ak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se jednalo o zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad ze dvou d\u016fvod\u016f. Belgick\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladna na kolonie t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic nevyd\u00e1vala, a to se jednalo o \u00fazem\u00ed bohat\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje: n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Konga byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako modern\u00ed Kuvajt. Belgick\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed bylo jist\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00edm kolonialismem.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli koloniz\u00e1to\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161inou nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u010dist\u00fd zisk, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee kolonizovan\u00ed \u010dasto utrp\u011bli ztr\u00e1tu. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f byla skute\u010dnost, \u017ee koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da byla obvykle autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, s mal\u00fdmi vestav\u011bn\u00fdmi z\u00e1branami. Po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti p\u0159evzaly tuto neomezenou moc m\u00edstn\u00ed elity. Vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed cizinci bylo nahrazeno vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou (s v\u00fdjimkou osadnick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jako Kanada, Austr\u00e1lie a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, kde vznikly instituce podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii). Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem bylo, \u017ee p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm v Africe m\u011bl obchod s otroky, kte\u0159\u00ed byli prod\u00e1v\u00e1ni Evropan\u016fm jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed zajatci, \u0161kodliv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, proto\u017ee vedl k soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a etnick\u00e9 rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnosti, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledn\u011b br\u00e1nila hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu pokroku.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch pozn\u00e1mek<\/h3>\n<p>Jednou z p\u0159ednost\u00ed Niemietzovy knihy je jej\u00ed stru\u010dnost. Nemohu si v\u0161ak odpustit p\u0159idat n\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/skemman.is\/bitstream\/1946\/23162\/1\/Loka%C3%BAtg%C3%A1fa_STJ_hannes.pdf\">p\u0159\u00edpad Islandu<\/a> potvrzuje autorovy z\u00e1v\u011bry. Na konci 18. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00ed Britov\u00e9 navrhli, aby se Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie zmocnila Islandu, kter\u00fd byl tehdy v podstat\u011b d\u00e1nskou koloni\u00ed. Britsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady tento n\u00e1vrh prostudovaly a dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee obsadit Island by bylo pom\u011brn\u011b snadn\u00e9, ale udr\u017eet ho by bylo n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. Proto n\u00e1vrh zam\u00edtli. V devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed vydalo D\u00e1nsko na Island zhruba dvojn\u00e1sobek toho, co od n\u011bj dostalo. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee t\u0159i dnes nejbohat\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, Norsko a Island, nebyly koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi mocnostmi.<\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, ve dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz znovu zavedl otroctv\u00ed v nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch t\u00e1borech Gulag. Tyto t\u00e1bory pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebyly dlouhodob\u011b produktivn\u00ed z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 uvedl Adam Smith. Mo\u017en\u00e1 byly je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b produktivn\u00ed ne\u017e plant\u00e1\u017ee na jihu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, v Karibiku a Braz\u00edlii, proto\u017ee v\u011bzni z gulag\u016f nebyli kupov\u00e1ni za tr\u017en\u00ed cenu, tak\u017ee jejich &#8222;majitel&#8220; &#8211; sov\u011btsk\u00e1 komunistick\u00e1 strana &#8211; nem\u011bl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou motivaci s nimi dob\u0159e zach\u00e1zet. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, i kdy\u017e ji tak nenaz\u00fdval: ovl\u00e1dal mnoho vazalsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a nemilosrdn\u011b je vyko\u0159is\u0165oval.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm je, \u017ee otroctv\u00ed v arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch za\u010dalo d\u0159\u00edve a skon\u010dilo pozd\u011bji ne\u017e na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, zat\u00edmco tam z\u0159ejm\u011b nevytvo\u0159ilo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed. Dokonce i na vzd\u00e1len\u00fd Island p\u0159ipluli v roce 1627 arab\u0161t\u00ed pir\u00e1ti a zajali stovky lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b prodali na trz\u00edch s otroky v severn\u00ed Africe. Odhaduje se, \u017ee Arabov\u00e9 zotro\u010dili celkem v\u00edce ne\u017e milion <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Christian-Slaves-Muslim-Masters-Mediterranean\/dp\/1403945519\/\">b\u00edl\u00fdch Evropan\u016f<\/a> a asi sedm milion\u016f \u010dern\u00fdch Afri\u010dan\u016f, zat\u00edmco do Ameriky bylo n\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159ivezeno deset a\u017e dvan\u00e1ct milion\u016f Afri\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ctvrt\u00fd bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 kompenzace. Pokud pro \u00fa\u010dely argumentace p\u0159ipust\u00edme, \u017ee cel\u00e9 skupiny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ob\u011bti nespravedlnosti, a \u017ee by tedy m\u011bly b\u00fdt od\u0161kodn\u011bny, pak by se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bly uplatnit tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1sady poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by se d\u00edky od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bli m\u00edt tak dob\u0159e, jak by se m\u011bli, kdyby se nestali ob\u011bt\u00ed nespravedlnosti. Potomci otrok\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech by tedy m\u011bli m\u00edt zaji\u0161t\u011bnu stejnou \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, jakou by m\u011bli, kdyby jejich p\u0159edkov\u00e9 z\u016fstali v Africe a nenechali se zajmout africk\u00fdmi spoluob\u010dany a prodat Evropan\u016fm. Ironi\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee tato \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 by byla v pr\u016fm\u011bru mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jakou maj\u00ed potomci otrok\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n<p>Za p\u00e1t\u00e9 je docela v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9, \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 z posledn\u00edch koloni\u00ed, Hongkongu, by rad\u011bji z\u016fstali pod britskou nadvl\u00e1dou, ne\u017e aby byli v roce 1997 p\u0159ed\u00e1ni \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Kolonialismus sice \u010dasto p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el kolonizovan\u00fdm v\u00edce n\u00e1klad\u016f ne\u017e u\u017eitku, ale v Hongkongu tomu tak rozhodn\u011b nebylo. Dob\u0159e napsan\u00e9 a dojemn\u00e9 rom\u00e1ny o kolonialismu, jako nap\u0159. rom\u00e1n Josepha Conrada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Heart-Darkness-Oxford-Worlds-Classics\/dp\/0199536015\/\"><br \/>\n  <em>Srdce temnoty<\/em><br \/>\n<\/a> nebo rom\u00e1n E. M. Forstera <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Passage-India-Forster\/dp\/0143451227\/\"><em>Cesta do Indie<\/em><\/a>, nab\u00edzej\u00ed pouze \u010d\u00e1st pravdy. Existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed, jak ukazuje Niemietzova kniha a p\u0159\u00edklad Hongkongu.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O nemor\u00e1lnosti otroctv\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. Samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee jeden \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit a zneu\u017e\u00edvat druh\u00e9ho, je modern\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku odporn\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, ale fakt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho starosty Sadiqa Khana, \u017ee &#8222;n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod a m\u011bsto vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed sv\u00e9 roli v obchodu s otroky&#8220;. Je tak\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":27521,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[1515,1514,1513,882,1512],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[387,377,364],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-27577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","tag-belgium","tag-britain","tag-colonialism","tag-france","tag-slavery","regions-africa-and-middle-east-cs","regions-the-americas-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O nemor\u00e1lnosti otroctv\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. Samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee jeden \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit a zneu\u017e\u00edvat druh\u00e9ho, je modern\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku odporn\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, ale fakt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho starosty Sadiqa Khana, \u017ee &#8222;n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod a m\u011bsto vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed sv\u00e9 roli v obchodu s otroky&#8220;. Je tak\u00e9 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1648\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@GissurarsonH\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\"},\"headline\":\"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\"},\"wordCount\":1937,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Belgium\",\"Britain\",\"colonialism\",\"france\",\"slavery\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Kultura\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\",\"name\":\"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg\",\"width\":2362,\"height\":1648,\"caption\":\"Slavery in Africa. The Treaty, vintage engraved illustration. Journal des Voyage, Travel Journal, (1880-81).\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\",\"name\":\"The Conservative\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\",\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\"},\"description\":\"Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Iceland.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/GissurarsonH\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_Hlmsteinn_Gissurarson\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/author\/hannes-euaff-2023-2024\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative","og_description":"O nemor\u00e1lnosti otroctv\u00ed nen\u00ed pochyb. Samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee jeden \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit a zneu\u017e\u00edvat druh\u00e9ho, je modern\u00edmu \u010dlov\u011bku odporn\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed se v\u0161ak net\u00fdkaj\u00ed mor\u00e1lky, ale fakt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho starosty Sadiqa Khana, \u017ee &#8222;n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod a m\u011bsto vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed sv\u00e9 roli v obchodu s otroky&#8220;. Je tak\u00e9 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","og_site_name":"The Conservative","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","article_published_time":"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2362,"height":1648,"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hannes Gissurarson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@GissurarsonH","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"Hannes Gissurarson","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"10 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu"},"author":{"name":"Hannes Gissurarson","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4"},"headline":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu","datePublished":"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu"},"wordCount":1937,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg","keywords":["Belgium","Britain","colonialism","france","slavery"],"articleSection":["Kultura"],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu","name":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu - The Conservative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg","datePublished":"2024-05-24T06:37:26+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Slavery.jpg","width":2362,"height":1648,"caption":"Slavery in Africa. The Treaty, vintage engraved illustration. Journal des Voyage, Travel Journal, (1880-81)."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/falesna-tvrzeni-o-otroctvi-a-kolonialismu#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Fale\u0161n\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o otroctv\u00ed a kolonialismu"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs","name":"The Conservative","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4","name":"Hannes Gissurarson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hannes Gissurarson"},"description":"Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Iceland.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/","https:\/\/x.com\/GissurarsonH","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_Hlmsteinn_Gissurarson"],"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/author\/hannes-euaff-2023-2024"}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27577"},{"taxonomy":"editorial-positions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-positions?post=27577"},{"taxonomy":"regions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions?post=27577"},{"taxonomy":"types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types?post=27577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}