{"id":27741,"date":"2024-05-27T08:31:33","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T08:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/muze-lucembursko-rikat-clenskym-statum-jak-maji-organizovat-sve-soudnictvi"},"modified":"2024-05-27T08:31:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T08:31:33","slug":"muze-lucembursko-rikat-clenskym-statum-jak-maji-organizovat-sve-soudnictvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/muze-lucembursko-rikat-clenskym-statum-jak-maji-organizovat-sve-soudnictvi","title":{"rendered":"M\u016f\u017ee Lucembursko \u0159\u00edkat \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, jak maj\u00ed organizovat sv\u00e9 soudnictv\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed posledn\u00ed zm\u011bnou vl\u00e1dy v Polsku, kdy strana PiS prohr\u00e1la s povolebn\u00ed koalic\u00ed Frankenstein vedenou Tuskem, se obvin\u011bn\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise, \u017ee Var\u0161ava nedodr\u017euje z\u00e1sady pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, t\u00fdkalo toho, jak si tento \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t chce uspo\u0159\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed soudn\u00ed moc.<\/p>\n

V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zve\u0159ejnil Evropsk\u00fd parlament studii<\/a> o potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pravomoci Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora nad vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v oblasti soudnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cl. 19 odst. 1 Smlouvy o Evropsk\u00e9 unii ve sv\u00e9m druh\u00e9m pododstavci stanov\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty poskytuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky n\u00e1pravy k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany v oblastech, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje pr\u00e1vo Unie. To v\u0161ak v\u00fdslovn\u011b neud\u011bluje Soudn\u00edmu dvoru Evropsk\u00e9 unie \u017e\u00e1dnou pravomoc nad soudnictv\u00edm \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu tent\u00fd\u017e soud vydal v roce 2018 rozsudek Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Sindical dos Ju\u00edzes Portugueses v. Tribunal de Contas, v n\u011bm\u017e <\/em>vyzval \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby se obr\u00e1tily na lucembursk\u00e9 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed soudnictv\u00ed s p\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou ot\u00e1zkou, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dosti o rozhodnut\u00ed o p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce.<\/p>\n

Lze to ch\u00e1pat tak, \u017ee takov\u00e9to soudn\u00ed polo\u017eky \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jsou zahrnuty v \u010dl. 19 odst. 1? A do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee dolo\u017eka vy\u017eaduje pouze to, aby pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vedla k \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu nebo zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9mu v\u00fdsledku, a vztahuje se na z\u00e1le\u017eitosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pravomoc\u00ed Unie.<\/p>\n

Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr Evropsk\u00e9 unie by proto mohl napadnout vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pouze v oblastech, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje pr\u00e1vo Unie (nikoliv vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo) a kde pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana nen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme tak\u00e9 v \u00favahu \u010dl\u00e1nek 47 Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v EU. Toto ustanoven\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd opravn\u00fd prost\u0159edek a spravedliv\u00fd proces. Co je podle tohoto prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va „\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd opravn\u00fd prost\u0159edek“? Prvn\u00ed odstavec ji definuje: \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed poskytnut\u00e9 soudem ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1va a svobody zaru\u010den\u00e9 pr\u00e1vem Unie byly poru\u0161eny, za podm\u00ednek stanoven\u00fdch v t\u00e9m\u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

V odstavci druh\u00e9m a t\u0159et\u00edm jsou pops\u00e1ny tyto podm\u00ednky: spravedliv\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 projedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bci v p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm a nestrann\u00fdm soudem, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edem z\u0159\u00edzen z\u00e1konem, a pr\u00e1vo na poradenstv\u00ed, obhajobu a zastoupen\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed prost\u0159edky, je poskytnuta pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoc, pokud je nezbytn\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edstup ke spravedlnosti.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdklad \u010dl. 19 odst. 1 a \u010dl\u00e1nku 47 vede k jasn\u00e9mu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pojmu „\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd“, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e „oblasti, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje pr\u00e1vo Unie“ nejsou nejednozna\u010dn\u00fdm pojmem a nem\u011bly by vy\u017eadovat dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdklad.<\/p>\n

Podle Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Sindical dos Ju\u00edzes Portugueses<\/em> v\u0161ak pojem „oblasti, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje pr\u00e1vo Unie“ neznamen\u00e1 pouze aspekty, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy Unie, ale je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pojem p\u016fsobnosti Unie. Nezam\u011b\u0159uje se na to, zda tribun\u00e1ly \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu v oblastech, na kter\u00e9 se vztahuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace, ale na samotn\u00e9 tribun\u00e1ly. Od objektivn\u00edho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na \u017ealoby t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u016fsobnosti Unie se Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr odkl\u00e1n\u00ed od samotn\u00fdch vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch soud\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak pravomoc nad vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm soudnictv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b poslou\u017eilo Evropsk\u00e9 komisi k tomu, aby vyu\u017eila Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr Evropsk\u00e9 unie jako p\u00e1ku k vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed polsk\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy v letech 2015 a\u017e 2023 a donutila ji poslouchat p\u0159\u00edkazy z Bruselu.<\/p>\n

Pouze dva aspekty v\u00fdkladu Soudn\u00edho dvora v Lucemburku umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed omezen\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 moci s c\u00edlem omezit jej\u00ed z\u00e1sah do vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch jurisdikc\u00ed: Za prv\u00e9, \u010dl. 19 odst. 1 a \u010dl\u00e1nek 47 by ve skute\u010dnosti nem\u011bly b\u00fdt vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny spole\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee prvn\u00ed z nich se vztahuje na \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd je ur\u010den ob\u010dan\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Zadruh\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na soudce Sacha Prechal argumentoval ex nihilo<\/em>, \u017ee \u010dl. 19 odst. 1 nelze pova\u017eovat za bezb\u0159eh\u00fd, ale \u017ee se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z pr\u00e1va Unie nebo z vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to nen\u00ed to, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010dl. 19 odst. 1 ve sv\u00e9m druh\u00e9m odstavci. V d\u016fsledku toho ani Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr, ani profesorka Prechalov\u00e1 sv\u00fdm omezen\u00edm pr\u00e1vo nevykl\u00e1daj\u00ed, jak by ve sv\u00e9 soudcovsk\u00e9 kvalit\u011b m\u011bli, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ho vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To je zdrojem nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nejen pro polsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany, ale potenci\u00e1ln\u011b i pro v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. S novou polskou koali\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou jsou ov\u0161em v\u0161echny tyto konflikty jako m\u00e1vnut\u00edm kouzeln\u00e9ho proutku zapomenuty. Ve v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b ji\u017e nejde o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t a Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr Evropsk\u00e9 unie se vr\u00e1til k pr\u00e1ci – se st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edmi pravomocemi v r\u00e1mci nejednozna\u010dnosti smluv.<\/p>\n

Obr\u00e1zek: Prezident Duda (Wikipedie)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed posledn\u00ed zm\u011bnou vl\u00e1dy v Polsku, kdy strana PiS prohr\u00e1la s povolebn\u00ed koalic\u00ed Frankenstein vedenou Tuskem, se obvin\u011bn\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise, \u017ee Var\u0161ava nedodr\u017euje z\u00e1sady pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, t\u00fdkalo toho, jak si tento \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t chce uspo\u0159\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed soudn\u00ed moc. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce zve\u0159ejnil Evropsk\u00fd parlament studii o potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pravomoci Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora nad vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":27628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,158,258],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[328,339],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-27741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eseje-cs","category-politika","category-pravni","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u016f\u017ee Lucembursko \u0159\u00edkat \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, jak maj\u00ed organizovat sv\u00e9 soudnictv\u00ed? - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/muze-lucembursko-rikat-clenskym-statum-jak-maji-organizovat-sve-soudnictvi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u016f\u017ee Lucembursko \u0159\u00edkat \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, jak maj\u00ed organizovat sv\u00e9 soudnictv\u00ed? - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159ed posledn\u00ed zm\u011bnou vl\u00e1dy v Polsku, kdy strana PiS prohr\u00e1la s povolebn\u00ed koalic\u00ed Frankenstein vedenou Tuskem, se obvin\u011bn\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise, \u017ee Var\u0161ava nedodr\u017euje z\u00e1sady pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, t\u00fdkalo toho, jak si tento \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t chce uspo\u0159\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed soudn\u00ed moc. 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