{"id":27750,"date":"2024-05-27T08:38:29","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T08:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti"},"modified":"2024-05-27T08:38:29","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T08:38:29","slug":"mytus-americke-nerovnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let jsem \u010dlenem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.montpelerin.org\/event\/429dba23-fc64-4838-aea3-b847011022a4\/websitePage:d0c34bd9-1aa4-48df-a55e-4be50dfb57ee\">Mont Pelerin Society<\/a>, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti konzervativn\u00edch a klasick\u00fdch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch u\u010denc\u016f a lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b, aby diskutovali o principech a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch svobodn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Poch\u00e1z\u00edm z mal\u00e9 a odlehl\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto setk\u00e1n\u00edch a naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm myslitel\u016fm pro m\u011b bylo velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. Posledn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed se konalo na konci \u0159\u00edjna 2023 v Bretton Woods v New Hampshire, ve stejn\u00e9m hotelu (na obr\u00e1zku v\u00fd\u0161e) jako konference v \u010dervenci 1944, kde se pod veden\u00edm Johna Maynarda Keynese navrhoval mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt nastolen po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Pou\u010dn\u00e1 pro m\u011b byla zejm\u00e9na jedna p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka b\u00fdval\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tora <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AftRB-4X0ak&amp;t=1947s\">Phila Gramma<\/a>, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed vstupem do politiky profesorem ekonomie. Hovo\u0159il o &#8222;m\u00fdtu americk\u00e9 nerovnosti&#8220;. Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po konferenci jsem si opat\u0159il <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Myth-American-Inequality-Government-Biases\/dp\/1538167387\/\">knihu, kterou<\/a> na toto t\u00e9ma napsal spole\u010dn\u011b s Robertem Ekelundem, emeritn\u00edm profesorem ekonomie a autorem mnoha odborn\u00fdch knih a \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, a Johnem Earlym, matematick\u00fdm ekonomem a b\u00fdval\u00fdm asistentem komisa\u0159e \u00da\u0159adu pro statistiku pr\u00e1ce. Je to \u010dtiv\u00e9 d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 vyvrac\u00ed mnoh\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 kli\u0161\u00e9, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 i v Evrop\u011b. Sen\u00e1tor Bernie Sanders nap\u0159\u00edklad vol\u00e1: &#8222;Obsc\u00e9nn\u00ed a rostouc\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 bohatstv\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 nerovnosti v t\u00e9to zemi je nemor\u00e1ln\u00ed, neamerick\u00e1 a neudr\u017eiteln\u00e1. Dokonce i  <em>The Economist<\/em>  p\u00ed\u0161e: &#8222;Je v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mou pravdou, \u017ee nerovnost v bohat\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je vysok\u00e1 a st\u00e1le roste. Hlavn\u00edm poselstv\u00edm knihy Gramma a jeho spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f je, \u017ee americk\u00e1 nerovnost je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti m\u00fdtus. Rozd\u00edl mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi je mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by se mohlo zd\u00e1t z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch statistik.<\/p>\n<h3>40 procent p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f se nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1!<\/h3>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody, pro\u010d jsou rozd\u00edly mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi v Americe mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se \u010dasto soud\u00ed. P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edjmu chud\u00fdch se p\u0159i s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v USA nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina transferov\u00fdch plateb t\u00e9to skupin\u011b a p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edjmu bohat\u00fdch se nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 platby t\u00e9to skupiny. Existoval d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se p\u0159i s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v roce 1947 p\u016fvodn\u011b nevypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1valy transferov\u00e9 platby. Tehdy tvo\u0159ily malou \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je odhadnout. Dom\u00e1cnosti ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se obvykle d\u011bl\u00ed do p\u011bti skupin neboli kvintil\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kvintil s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy je &#8222;chud\u00fd&#8220; a kvintil s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy je &#8222;bohat\u00fd&#8220;. Podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu byl v roce 2017 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nejbohat\u0161\u00edho (horn\u00edho) kvintilu 16,7kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nejchud\u0161\u00edho (doln\u00edho) kvintilu. S\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu tak\u00e9 zjistilo, \u017ee procento Ameri\u010dan\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v chudob\u011b se od 60. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v podstat\u011b nezm\u011bnilo.<\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/trumpuv-strategicky-dokument-je-vyzvou-pro-evropu'>Trump\u016fv strategick\u00fd dokument je v\u00fdzvou pro Evropu<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/rumuni-se-obavaji-ze-je-trumpova-amerika-opusti-myli-se'>Rumuni se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee je Trumpova Amerika opust\u00ed. M\u00fdl\u00ed se<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/italie-a-usa-pevne-vztahy-navzdory-politickym-zmenam'>It\u00e1lie a USA: pevn\u00e9 vztahy navzdory politick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>Tohle v\u0161echno je \u0161patn\u011b. S\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny transferov\u00fdch plateb, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina (68 %) kon\u010d\u00ed u dvou nejchud\u0161\u00edch kvintil\u016f. V roce 2017 &#8211; posledn\u00edm roce s kompletn\u00edmi \u00fadaji &#8211; \u010dinily transferov\u00e9 platby nejm\u00e9n\u011b 2,8 bilionu dolar\u016f. Stejn\u011b tak se p\u0159i s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu od p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f neod\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed dan\u011b, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou (82 %) plat\u00ed dva nejbohat\u0161\u00ed kvintily. V roce 2017 \u010dinily da\u0148ov\u00e9 platby 4,4 bilionu dolar\u016f. To ve skute\u010dnosti znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 40 % v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e z\u00edskan\u00fdch v podob\u011b transferov\u00fdch plateb, nebo ztracen\u00fdch na dan\u00edch. Pokud se v\u0161ak toto provede a zahrnou se v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edjmy, rozd\u00edl mezi bohat\u00fdmi a chud\u00fdmi ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zmen\u0161\u00ed. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem nejbohat\u0161\u00edho kvintilu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 4,0n\u00e1sobkem p\u0159\u00edjmu nejchud\u0161\u00edho kvintilu, nikoli 16,7n\u00e1sobkem, jak se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed. To je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, ba obrovsk\u00fd rozd\u00edl.<\/p>\n<h3>Nerovnost kles\u00e1, chudoba miz\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i zahrnut\u00ed v\u0161ech transferov\u00fdch a da\u0148ov\u00fdch plateb se toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e1 nerovnost od roku 1947 nezv\u00fd\u0161ila, jak se \u010dasto tvrd\u00ed. Poklesl o 3,0 %. Pokud se nav\u00edc zapo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto transfery a da\u0148ov\u00e9 platby, po\u010det Ameri\u010dan\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v chudob\u011b nen\u00ed 12,3 %, jak tvrd\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu pro rok 2017, ale 2,5 %. Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed (str. 4): &#8222;Jist\u011b existuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou fyzicky nebo du\u0161evn\u011b neschopn\u00ed se o sebe postarat a propadli se skulinami syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd poskytuje transferov\u00e9 platby, ale pro v\u0161echny praktick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely byla chudoba z d\u016fvodu nedostatku ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 nebo soukrom\u00e9 podpory v Americe prakticky odstran\u011bna.<\/p>\n<p>Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci op\u00edraj\u00ed v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky. Upozor\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 na to, \u017ee cenov\u00e9 indexy a dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 statistiky, i kdy\u017e jsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretov\u00e1ny a zasazeny do spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho kontextu, nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u017edy o v\u0161em. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 za\u010dali v polovin\u011b 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed v reakci na pokles relativn\u00ed ceny leteck\u00e9 dopravy rad\u011bji l\u00e9tat ne\u017e jezdit vlakem nebo autobusem, nebyly tyto v\u00fdhody pln\u011b zachyceny v indexech spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i pro dne\u0161n\u00ed mobiln\u00ed telefon. Do spot\u0159ebn\u00edho ko\u0161e byl za\u0159azen a\u017e dlouho pot\u00e9, co jeho cena dramaticky klesla. Pokud by byl zahrnut d\u0159\u00edve, do\u0161lo by k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kupn\u00ed s\u00edly. Auto\u0159i tak\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a efektivitu minim\u00e1ln\u011b invazivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby a l\u00e9\u010div a na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohodl\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnost a velikost lidsk\u00fdch domov\u016f. (Za sebe \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee je velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl v tom, o kolik l\u00e9pe (nebo m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161patn\u011b) se dnes chod\u00ed k zuba\u0159i ne\u017e p\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety.)<\/p>\n<h3>Bohat\u00ed a chud\u00ed: zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci vysv\u011btluj\u00ed jednoduchou a srozumitelnou formou skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed za pr\u016fm\u011bry statistick\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Tyto pr\u016fm\u011bry jsou obvykle sn\u00edmky za kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed rok. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u0161ak jedinec p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 skupiny do druh\u00e9, t\u0159eba je n\u011bjakou dobu studentem s n\u00edzk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem, pak za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00fdm platem v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, postupn\u011b se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pozici, jednoho dne mo\u017en\u00e1 prod\u00e1 sv\u016fj velk\u00fd d\u016fm nebo malou firmu \u010di sb\u00edrku akci\u00ed a nakonec odejde do d\u016fchodu. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na doln\u00ed kvintil, je hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se tam lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed, to, \u017ee jen m\u00e1lo z nich z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f pracuje na pln\u00fd \u00favazek. Polovina dosp\u011bl\u00fdch v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b je v d\u016fchodu. Z osob v produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku (mezi 18 a 65 lety, kter\u00e9 nejsou studenty ani d\u016fchodci) pracuje pouze 36 %. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed, odpracuj\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru pouze 17,3 hodiny t\u00fddn\u011b, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovina hodin oproti pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9mu pracovn\u00edkovi v ostatn\u00edch kvintilech.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 by bylo u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat jin\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed ne\u017e &#8222;chud\u00fd&#8220; a &#8222;bohat\u00fd&#8220;: rozd\u00edl je ve schopnosti a ochot\u011b vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat si prac\u00ed. Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci se pou\u010den\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed bohat\u00fdm, horn\u00edmu kvintilu. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem vysok\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v nich obvykle dva \u010dlenov\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na pln\u00fd \u00favazek ve vysoce placen\u00fdch zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edch. Kdy\u017e se od t\u011bchto 20 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed dostaneme ke skute\u010dn\u011b bohat\u00fdm, tedy ke 400 nejbohat\u0161\u00edm dom\u00e1cnostem v Americe, je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba, kterou dom\u00e1cnost str\u00e1v\u00ed v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b, je pouze 2,01 roku, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee 60 % p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o netypick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Jak auto\u0159i zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed (str. 117), v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch americk\u00fdch boh\u00e1\u010d\u016f z\u00edskala sv\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdch hodnot, a t\u00edm zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eivota ostatn\u00edch. Naproti tomu bohat\u00ed v minulosti obvykle z\u00edskali sv\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed zneu\u017eit\u00edm moci. Ne n\u00e1hodou se jim n\u011bkdy \u0159\u00edkalo &#8222;loupe\u017eiv\u00ed baroni&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2017 zaplatil doln\u00ed kvintil americk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed na dan\u00edch v pr\u016fm\u011bru 7,5 % sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, zat\u00edmco horn\u00ed kvintil v pr\u016fm\u011bru 35,2 %. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm my\u0161lenkov\u00fdm experimentem, kter\u00fd Ayn Randov\u00e1 popsala v rom\u00e1nu <a href=\"https:\/\/ia600203.us.archive.org\/15\/items\/AtlasShrugged\/atlas%20shrugged.pdf\"><em>Atlas Shrugged<\/em><\/a>, co by se stalo, kdyby se lid\u00e9 z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho kvintilu n\u00e1hle rozhodli odej\u00edt. Vynahrad\u00ed ostatn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i kvintily rychle jejich odchod? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se nejedn\u00e1 o pouh\u00fd my\u0161lenkov\u00fd experiment. To se stalo na Kub\u011b po revoluci v roce 1959, kdy st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda utekla a vzala s sebou v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 schopnosti a dovednosti, a v Al\u017e\u00edrsku v roce 1962, kdy bylo francouzsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed men\u0161in\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee odej\u00edt bu\u010f s pytlem, nebo v pytli, a v Zimbabwe po roce 1980, kdy tvrd\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 farm\u00e1\u0159e vyhnaly vl\u00e1dou podporovan\u00e9 davy. Z ko\u0161\u00edk\u016f na chl\u00e9b se staly ko\u0161\u00edky.<\/p>\n<h3>Probl\u00e9m, ne \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Po oprav\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f o rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se ukazuje, \u017ee nerovnost v p\u0159\u00edjmech je mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. To v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed ne\u017e uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed. Je to mo\u017en\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e probl\u00e9m ne\u017e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed dva zp\u016fsoby, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s chudobou: usnadnit odchod z n\u00ed a usnadnit setrv\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00ed. Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 2017 zv\u00fd\u0161ily transferov\u00e9 platby pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem dom\u00e1cnosti ze spodn\u00edho kvintilu po ode\u010dten\u00ed transfer\u016f a dan\u00ed na 49 613 dolar\u016f, z \u010deho\u017e pouze 4 908 dolar\u016f tvo\u0159il p\u0159\u00edjem z v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. To zjevn\u011b motivuje k tomu, aby si nehledali pr\u00e1ci a spol\u00e9hali se na st\u00e1tn\u00ed d\u00e1vky. V roce 1964 vyhl\u00e1sil prezident Lyndon B. Johnson &#8222;v\u00e1lku proti chudob\u011b&#8220;. V\u00fdsledkem je nes\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159erozd\u011blovac\u00edch program\u016f s neblah\u00fdm dopadem na bohat\u00e9 i chud\u00e9, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se pr\u00e1ci a odrazuj\u00ed od tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Gramm a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci doch\u00e1zej\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru (s. 68): &#8222;V\u00e1lka proti chudob\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila z\u00e1vislost a selhala ve sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed snaze p\u0159iv\u00e9st lidi s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy do hlavn\u00edho proudu americk\u00e9 ekonomiky.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let jsem \u010dlenem Mont Pelerin Society, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti konzervativn\u00edch a klasick\u00fdch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch u\u010denc\u016f a lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b, aby diskutovali o principech a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch svobodn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Poch\u00e1z\u00edm z mal\u00e9 a odlehl\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto setk\u00e1n\u00edch a naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm myslitel\u016fm pro m\u011b bylo velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. Posledn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":27691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,150],"tags":[1277,1517,1519,1518,1520],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[367,404],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-27750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","category-obchod-a-ekonomika","tag-america","tag-inequality","tag-poverty","tag-statistics","tag-wealth","editorial-positions-focus","regions-usa-cs","regions-world-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let jsem \u010dlenem Mont Pelerin Society, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti konzervativn\u00edch a klasick\u00fdch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch u\u010denc\u016f a lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b, aby diskutovali o principech a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch svobodn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Poch\u00e1z\u00edm z mal\u00e9 a odlehl\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto setk\u00e1n\u00edch a naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm myslitel\u016fm pro m\u011b bylo velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. Posledn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed se [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@GissurarsonH\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\"},\"headline\":\"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\"},\"wordCount\":1852,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"america\",\"Inequality\",\"Poverty\",\"Statistics\",\"Wealth\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Kultura\",\"Obchod a ekonomika\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\",\"name\":\"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1920},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\",\"name\":\"The Conservative\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4\",\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\"},\"description\":\"Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Iceland.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/GissurarsonH\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_Hlmsteinn_Gissurarson\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/author\/hannes-euaff-2023-2024\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative","og_description":"Ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let jsem \u010dlenem Mont Pelerin Society, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti konzervativn\u00edch a klasick\u00fdch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch u\u010denc\u016f a lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou ro\u010dn\u011b, aby diskutovali o principech a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch svobodn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Poch\u00e1z\u00edm z mal\u00e9 a odlehl\u00e9 zem\u011b a \u00fa\u010dast na t\u011bchto setk\u00e1n\u00edch a naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm myslitel\u016fm pro m\u011b bylo velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. Posledn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed se [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti","og_site_name":"The Conservative","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","article_published_time":"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1920,"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hannes Gissurarson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@GissurarsonH","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"Hannes Gissurarson","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"9 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti"},"author":{"name":"Hannes Gissurarson","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4"},"headline":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti","datePublished":"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti"},"wordCount":1852,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg","keywords":["america","Inequality","Poverty","Statistics","Wealth"],"articleSection":["Kultura","Obchod a ekonomika"],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti","name":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti - The Conservative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg","datePublished":"2024-05-27T08:38:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Bretton-Woods-MPS-9-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1920},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mytus-americke-nerovnosti#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"M\u00fdtus americk\u00e9 nerovnosti"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs","name":"The Conservative","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/1ad87a8ad5264ccc45d5f06b3453edd4","name":"Hannes Gissurarson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0df0c7b2d7737f05be07de287bfb50d5bcff1d1b9da9022bf916a76aab2fa6b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hannes Gissurarson"},"description":"Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Iceland.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/","https:\/\/x.com\/GissurarsonH","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_Hlmsteinn_Gissurarson"],"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/author\/hannes-euaff-2023-2024"}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27750"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27750\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27750"},{"taxonomy":"editorial-positions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-positions?post=27750"},{"taxonomy":"regions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions?post=27750"},{"taxonomy":"types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types?post=27750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}