{"id":27841,"date":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/evropa-na-pokraji-nove-bytove-krize"},"modified":"2024-05-28T06:39:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T06:39:20","slug":"evropa-na-pokraji-nove-bytove-krize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/evropa-na-pokraji-nove-bytove-krize","title":{"rendered":"Evropa na pokraji nov\u00e9 bytov\u00e9 krize"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evropa, stejn\u011b jako zbytek sv\u011bta, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9 krize bydlen\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 od hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krize v roce 2008, jej\u00ed\u017e dopady se projevily na trhu s bydlen\u00edm, ohro\u017euje nov\u00e1 krize nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupinu evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f – st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nejistota a dokonce strach, hrozba ztr\u00e1ty st\u0159echy nad hlavou, sbli\u017euje exponenty t\u00e9to soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kategorie s krajn\u00ed pravic\u00ed a p\u0159edstaviteli populistick\u00e9ho proudu, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto problematiku spolu s migrac\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu k\u0159esel v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu. Takov\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1v\u011bry studie, kterou ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejnil den\u00edk The Guardian a kter\u00e1 cituje varov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f OSN. Podle n\u00ed se nov\u00e1 bytov\u00e1 krize dotkne nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159 kategori\u00ed Evropan\u016f.<\/p>\n

„Bytov\u00e1 krize se ji\u017e net\u00fdk\u00e1 pouze lid\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f nebo ne\u00fapln\u00fdch rodin, ale tak\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy,“ uvedl podle den\u00edku The Guardian zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zpravodaj OSN pro bydlen\u00ed Balakrishnan Rajagopal.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f za\u010dala krize bydlen\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou kriz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vznikla v d\u016fsledku v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b a projevila se r\u016fstem inflace a cen energi\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo ke spir\u00e1lovit\u00e9mu r\u016fstu cen, a t\u00edm ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kupn\u00ed s\u00edly. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trhu s bydlen\u00edm m\u00e1 krize tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny – \u00fatlum ve stavebnictv\u00ed, masivn\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalectv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na do velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed ze strany vl\u00e1d. <\/span><\/p>\n

Analytici, kter\u00e9 cituje den\u00edk The Guardian, jsou jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee krize bydlen\u00ed za\u010dala mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, v uplynul\u00e9m desetilet\u00ed se prohloubila a nyn\u00ed eskaluje. Podle nich se nejv\u00edce projevuje ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a je zp\u016fsoben masivn\u00ed imigrac\u00ed v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed a tak\u00e9 cestovn\u00edm ruchem, kter\u00fd se po pandemii „probudil“. Je c\u00edtit po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, od Nizozemska po Portugalsko, od \u0158ecka po N\u011bmecko a ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ceny dom\u016f se za posledn\u00edch deset let zv\u00fd\u0161ily o 50 %. <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de n\u00e1kupu, ceny nemovitost\u00ed v Evrop\u011b vzrostly za posledn\u00edch deset let (2010-2022) t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 50 %. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu se n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 za stejn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ilo o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 %. A\u010dkoli je n\u00e1r\u016fst cen na trhu s n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm men\u0161\u00edho rozsahu, m\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopad, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e9 postihuje.<\/p>\n

Nedostatek cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed vedl v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch k protest\u016fm v n\u011bkolika hlavn\u00edch m\u011bstech EU a velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, jako je Lisabon, Amsterdam, Praha, Mil\u00e1n a Lond\u00fdn. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed za n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 % sv\u00e9ho \u010dist\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ceny n\u00e1jm\u016f u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed pohlcuj\u00ed zhruba polovinu jejich p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a hypot\u00e9ky dosahuj\u00ed a\u017e desetin\u00e1sobku pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 mzdy.<\/p>\n

V N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 je jedinou zem\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, kde po\u010det n\u00e1jemn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159evy\u0161uje po\u010det majitel\u016f dom\u016f, do\u0161lo k astronomick\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu n\u00e1jm\u016f, zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. V Berl\u00edn\u011b se n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 za jedin\u00fd rok zv\u00fd\u0161ilo o 9 %: za byt o rozloze asi 60 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch se plat\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e 800 eur m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, v Mnichov\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce, 1 115 eur za stejn\u011b velk\u00fd byt, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. <\/span>D\u016fvod\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada, v\u010detn\u011b mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu nov\u011b postaven\u00fdch dom\u016f v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s popt\u00e1vkou. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V N\u011bmecku chyb\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 800 000 byt\u016f a jejich pot\u0159eba st\u00e1le roste. Ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed pl\u00e1n feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy postavit 400 000 dom\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b 100 000 soci\u00e1ln\u00edch byt\u016f, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b splniteln\u00fd kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm a rostouc\u00edm \u00farokov\u00fdm sazb\u00e1m. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 milion\u016f lid\u00ed v zemi, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ne\u00fapln\u00fdch rodin, \u017eije ve st\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch – vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z \u00fadaj\u016f Spolkov\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b zoufalej\u0161\u00ed situace je v Litv\u011b, kde n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vzrostlo a\u017e o 144 %, a v Irsku, kde je n\u00e1r\u016fst ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 %. Na konci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku \u010dinilo n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 za byt s jednou lo\u017enic\u00ed v centru Dublinu v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 900 eur, zat\u00edmco v m\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta \u010dinil pr\u016fm\u011br 1 300 eur.<\/p>\n

Rumunsko – zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho o 35 %, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen nemovitost\u00ed o 25 %<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle m\u00edstn\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f do\u0161lo v Rumunsku tak\u00e9 k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu cen nemovitost\u00ed a n\u00e1jm\u016f, ale tento n\u00e1r\u016fst zat\u00edm nedos\u00e1hl \u00farovn\u011b Z\u00e1padu. V letech 2010 a\u017e 2023 se n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 v Rumunsku zv\u00fd\u0161ilo v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 35 %, zat\u00edmco cena za koupi domu vzrostla o 25,5 %. Odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee ceny v tomto rozmez\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak pr\u016fm\u011brem, kter\u00fd je pon\u011bkud sn\u00ed\u017een cenami v men\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech.<\/p>\n

Inflace si v posledn\u00edch dvou letech vybrala v\u00e1\u017enou da\u0148 na trhu s bydlen\u00edm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst cen stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f je v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi lety rekordn\u00ed. I p\u0159es toto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Bukure\u0161\u0165 (hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Rumunska) s n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm pod pr\u016fm\u011brem EU, p\u0159esto\u017ee finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kterou tento m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fddaj p\u0159edstavuje pro p\u0159\u00edjmy mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed nebo ne\u00fapln\u00fdch rodin, je zna\u010dn\u00e1. Na konci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku \u010dinila pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena pron\u00e1jmu bytu se dv\u011bma lo\u017enicemi 558 eur, co\u017e je o 16 % v\u00edce ne\u017e ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u010dist\u00fd v\u00fdd\u011blek v Rumunsku v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce \u010dinil n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 900 eur, lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pro mnoho Rumun\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina jejich p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na n\u00e1jemn\u00e9. I tak je Bukure\u0161\u0165 pod \u00farovn\u00ed hlavn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch m\u011bst, nap\u0159\u00edklad Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e vypl\u00e1c\u00ed 80 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 mzdy a Berl\u00edn 70 %.<\/p>\n

Politicky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 krize bydlen\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed se evropsk\u00e1 bytov\u00e1 krize, vyvolan\u00e1 rostouc\u00edmi n\u00e1jmy a z\u00e1vratn\u011b vysok\u00fdmi cenami nemovitost\u00ed, stala hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem p\u0159ed volbami do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, \u010deho\u017e naplno vyu\u017eily populistick\u00e9 strany, ukazuje anal\u00fdza listu The Guardian. Vedle ot\u00e1zky imigrace by mohly imigra\u010dn\u00ed krizi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt i tyto politick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 by se podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f EU mohly um\u00edstit na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v dev\u00edti \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU a na druh\u00e9m nebo t\u0159et\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v dev\u00edti dal\u0161\u00edch, tvrd\u00ed analytici Guardianu. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad dopadu bytov\u00e9 krize na volby uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed Nizozemsko, kde v roce 2023 vyhr\u00e1la parlamentn\u00ed volby krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e1 strana Geerta Wilderse, kter\u00e1 se op\u00edrala o protiimigra\u010dn\u00ed poselstv\u00ed obvi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed z bytov\u00e9 krize. Podle Geerta Wilderse mohou za bytovou krizi tak\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed studenti, jejich\u017e po\u010det v posledn\u00edch letech prudce vzrostl.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my v Nizozemsku za\u010daly p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti lety, kdy krom\u011b bezdomovc\u016f bez p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f za\u010dali o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed bydlen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dat i mlad\u00ed a sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli pr\u00e1ci nebo d\u016fchod, ale u\u017e si nemohli dovolit platit n\u00e1jem. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd d\u016fm v Nizozemsku nyn\u00ed stoj\u00ed 452 000 eur, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e desetin\u00e1sobek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho platu 44 000 eur. Ceny dom\u016f se za posledn\u00edch 10 let zdvojn\u00e1sobily a v nejvyhled\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech se zv\u00fd\u0161ily a\u017e o 130 %. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e1jemn\u00e9 v soukrom\u00e9m sektoru, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 % celkov\u00e9ho bytov\u00e9ho fondu, se rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ilo. Jednol\u016f\u017ekov\u00fd pokoj v dom\u011b v Amsterdamu stoj\u00ed 950 eur m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, garsonka nejm\u00e9n\u011b 1 500 eur a v\u00edce a byt pro t\u0159i osoby p\u0159ijde na 3 500 eur. \u010cekac\u00ed lh\u016fta v sektoru soci\u00e1ln\u00edho bydlen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je asi dvakr\u00e1t del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u soukrom\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed, je v cel\u00e9 zemi v pr\u016fm\u011bru sedm let, ale ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, zejm\u00e9na v Amsterdamu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 18 nebo 19 let. <\/span><\/p>\n

Podle analytik\u016f citovan\u00fdch den\u00edkem The Guardian je to d\u016fsledek vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politiky od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2010, kdy bylo zru\u0161eno ministerstvo bydlen\u00ed a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a prodej byt\u016f byl liberalizov\u00e1n. To vedlo k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtina byt\u016f ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech zem\u011b je ve vlastnictv\u00ed soukrom\u00fdch investor\u016f. K tomu by se p\u0159idala \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch legislativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad zru\u0161en\u00ed dotac\u00ed na bytovou v\u00fdstavbu nebo osvobozen\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edch od dan\u011b z hypot\u00e9ky. Ty sice m\u011bly pomoci mlad\u00fdm lidem koupit si prvn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, ale nakonec pomohly st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm pronaj\u00edmatel\u016fm investovat do dal\u0161\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161it ceny n\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>\n

„Evropa se v 80. letech napila alkoholu… trhy byly dobr\u00e9, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9“ (…) „Ale trhy se staraj\u00ed jen samy o sebe. Pokud se zbav\u00edte st\u00e1tn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikdo v\u00e1m bydlen\u00ed nezajist\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b to umo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00edklad PVV (pozn. krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e1 strana v Nizozemsku) obvi\u0148ovat z nizozemsk\u00e9 krize migranty, a\u010dkoli neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee za ni mohou migranti. Pokud chceme zastavit vzestup krajn\u00ed pravice, zbavit ji kysl\u00edku, je t\u0159eba v\u011bci jako bydlen\u00ed pova\u017eovat za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va,“ \u0159ekl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zpravodaj OSN pro bydlen\u00ed Balakrishnan Rajagopal, kter\u00e9ho citoval den\u00edk The Guardian. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropa, stejn\u011b jako zbytek sv\u011bta, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9 krize bydlen\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 od hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krize v roce 2008, jej\u00ed\u017e dopady se projevily na trhu s bydlen\u00edm, ohro\u017euje nov\u00e1 krize nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupinu evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f – st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu. Nejistota a dokonce strach, hrozba ztr\u00e1ty st\u0159echy nad hlavou, sbli\u017euje exponenty t\u00e9to soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kategorie s krajn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":27815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[1522,1523,1524],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[328,339,344,356,364],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-27841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obchod-a-ekonomika","tag-house-prices-in-europe","tag-housing-crisis","tag-rental-house-in-eu","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-northern-europe-cs","regions-southern-europe-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nEvropa na pokraji nov\u00e9 bytov\u00e9 krize - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/evropa-na-pokraji-nove-bytove-krize\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evropa na pokraji nov\u00e9 bytov\u00e9 krize - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evropa, stejn\u011b jako zbytek sv\u011bta, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9 krize bydlen\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 od hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed krize v roce 2008, jej\u00ed\u017e dopady se projevily na trhu s bydlen\u00edm, ohro\u017euje nov\u00e1 krize nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupinu evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f – st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu. 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