EU spou\u0161t\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd syst\u00e9m vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed revize hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\nNeexistuje jedin\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 a trval\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, kter\u00e9 by se dalo nazvat palestinsk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem. „Palestina“ je jen jeden z mnoha n\u00e1zv\u016f pro region zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Izrael, Z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh pod vl\u00e1dou Fatahu a Gazu pod vl\u00e1dou Ham\u00e1su. V t\u00e9to oblasti tvo\u0159ili \u017did\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inu a\u017e do 3. stolet\u00ed n. l. Po opakovan\u00fdch povst\u00e1n\u00edch proti \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i byla v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich zabita nebo vyhn\u00e1na, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v zemi z\u016fstali, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b 10-20 % obyvatel. V dob\u011b, kdy byla oblast pod kontrolou Byzantsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, m\u011bli k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inu, ale v roce 637 ji dobyli muslimov\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel n\u00e1sledn\u011b konvertovala k isl\u00e1mu a p\u0159ijala arab\u0161tinu. Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e vl\u00e1dla regionu od roku 1516 a\u017e do roku 1917, kdy jej obsadili Britov\u00e9. \u017didovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u011bhovalectv\u00ed za\u010dalo koncem 19. stolet\u00ed v d\u016fsledku pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f v Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i i jinde a pot\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku sionismu, tedy my\u0161lenky, \u017ee \u017did\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1rod, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje vlast a st\u00e1t. Imigrace vzrostla v letech mezi dv\u011bma sv\u011btov\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami, kdy se zem\u011b sv\u011bta daly, \u0159e\u010deno slovy Chaima Weizmanna, rozd\u011blit na ty, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bly \u017didy vyhnat, a na ty, kter\u00e9 je necht\u011bly p\u0159ijmout.<\/p>\n
R\u00e1ny, kter\u00fdm nen\u00ed dovoleno se zahojit<\/h3>\n
Na konci druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tvo\u0159ili Arabov\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny obyvatel britsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu a \u017did\u00e9 jednu t\u0159etinu. Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN v roce 1947 navrhlo rozd\u011blen\u00ed regionu mezi ob\u011b skupiny. \u017didov\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 tento n\u00e1vrh p\u0159ijali, ale vl\u00e1dy arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jej r\u00e1zn\u011b odm\u00edtly. (Arabov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v britsk\u00e9m mand\u00e1tu do toho nem\u011bli co mluvit.) Kdy\u017e byl v kv\u011btnu 1948 zalo\u017een st\u00e1t Izrael, arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b okam\u017eit\u011b za\u00fato\u010dily. V d\u016fsledku toho uprchlo z Izraele asi 700 000 Arab\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili v brzk\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u017did\u00e9 z arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed uprchli nebo emigrovali v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pon\u011bkud del\u0161\u00edho obdob\u00ed, z toho 600 000 do Izraele a 300 000 do jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Izrael v roce 1948 navzdory v\u0161emu porazil spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 s\u00edly, a\u010dkoli Z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh Jord\u00e1nu byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b obsazen Jord\u00e1nskem a Gaza Egyptem. \u017didov\u0161t\u00ed uprchl\u00edci do Izraele byli integrov\u00e1ni do spole\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b odm\u00edtaly arabsk\u00fdm uprchl\u00edk\u016fm z Izraele ud\u011blit ob\u010danstv\u00ed a m\u00edsto toho je po desetilet\u00ed dr\u017eely ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch t\u00e1borech.<\/p>\n
Ve dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed do\u0161lo k mnoha masov\u00fdm vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm nebo „p\u0159esun\u016fm obyvatelstva“: v roce 1923 uprchlo po \u0159ecko-tureck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce z Turecka do \u0158ecka 1,6 milionu \u0158ek\u016f a 400 000 muslim\u016f z \u0158ecka do Turecka. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich \u017eila po generace ve sv\u00fdch rodn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V roce 1940 uprchlo do Finska 400 000 Fin\u016f z \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zabral ve v\u00e1lce proti Finsku. V roce 1945 bylo z Polska, \u010ceskoslovenska a dal\u0161\u00edch st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed vyhn\u00e1no nejm\u00e9n\u011b deset milion\u016f N\u011bmc\u016f (nebo n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch osob). Bylo tich\u00fdm, ale skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem, \u017ee byly relativn\u011b pokojn\u011b integrov\u00e1ny do N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 republiky. Po rozd\u011blen\u00ed britsk\u00e9 Indie na Indii a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n v roce 1947 se mezi ob\u011bma nov\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty vyst\u011bhovalo asi \u0161estn\u00e1ct milion\u016f lid\u00ed a nejm\u00e9n\u011b milion jich p\u0159i\u0161el o \u017eivot p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch n\u00e1silnostech. Byla to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 krvav\u00e1 l\u00e1ze\u0148. V roce 1962 uprchlo do Francie asi milion francouzsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch Al\u017e\u00ed\u0159an\u016f pot\u00e9, co jim bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee mohou odej\u00edt bu\u010f s pytlem, nebo v pytli. Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto tragick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak m\u011bli uprchl\u00edci zemi, kter\u00e1 je byla ochotna p\u0159ijmout: \u0158ecko nebo Turecko, Finsko, N\u011bmecko, Indie nebo P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a Francie. R\u00e1ny se pomalu hojily. Postupn\u011b se p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed mohli vr\u00e1tit k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u017eivotu. Existovala jedna v\u00fdjimka: Arabov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v roce 1948 uprchli z britsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu Palestina po zalo\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1tu Izrael, nebyli nikde v\u00edt\u00e1ni. Identita Palestinc\u016f se tedy utv\u00e1\u0159ela v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b je odm\u00edtaly integrovat do sv\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a uznat je za arabsk\u00e9 spoluob\u010dany. Tolik k bratrstv\u00ed v arabsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
Jsou Palestinci n\u00e1rod?<\/h3>\n
Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee \u017did\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1rod. Maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd jazyk, hebrej\u0161tinu, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, judaismus, a dlouh\u00e9 a bohat\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee byli rozpt\u00fdleni po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b od dob \u017eidovsk\u00fdch povst\u00e1n\u00ed brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010den\u00fdch \u0158\u00edmskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a\u017e do zalo\u017een\u00ed Izraele. Nav\u00edc je to n\u00e1rod, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro sv\u011btovou civilizaci, a to i v oblasti um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u011bdy: V\u00edce ne\u017e 200 \u017did\u016f obdr\u017eelo Nobelovu cenu. \u017did\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 0,2 procenta sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, ale mezi laure\u00e1ty ceny je jich asi 20 procent. Naproti tomu \u010dty\u0159i arabsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed muslimov\u00e9 (v\u010detn\u011b Egyp\u0165an\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za Araby) obdr\u017eeli Nobelovu cenu, jeden za literaturu a t\u0159i za v\u011bdu, z nich\u017e dva \u017eili ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a jeden v Anglii. Krom\u011b toho n\u011bkolik arabsky mluv\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed obdr\u017eelo Nobelovu cenu m\u00edru, n\u011bkdy za slib, \u017ee u\u017e nebudou zab\u00edjet \u017didy. Jsou v\u0161ak Palestinci n\u00e1rodem? Je pravda, \u017ee v\u0161ichni mluv\u00ed stejn\u00fdm jazykem, arabsky, a vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, isl\u00e1m, a \u017ee v\u0161ichni poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, z britsk\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu Palestina. Nesd\u00edlej\u00ed v\u0161ak stejnou historii a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u016fli b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm n\u00e1rodem, proto\u017ee jsou rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdch skupin. Pova\u017eovat je za n\u00e1rod je proto m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Dva sladce zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, ale \u0161patn\u00e9 n\u00e1pady<\/h3>\n
Dva n\u00e1pady na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konfliktu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b zn\u011bj\u00ed dob\u0159e a donekone\u010dna je opakuj\u00ed davov\u00ed laskavci a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed dobrodinci. Jedna z my\u0161lenek se t\u00fdk\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed, aby se zachr\u00e1nily \u017eivoty civilist\u016f. C\u00edlem v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zni\u010den\u00ed Ham\u00e1su, stejn\u011b jako bylo za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky c\u00edlem zni\u010den\u00ed nacismu. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1945 nikoho nenapadlo, \u017ee by Spojenci m\u011bli souhlasit s p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00edm s nacisty, aby zachr\u00e1nili \u017eivoty civiln\u00edch N\u011bmc\u016f, pokud by to znamenalo, \u017ee Hitler bude moci vl\u00e1dnout \u010d\u00e1sti N\u011bmecka ze sv\u00e9ho berl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho bunkru. V\u00e1lka musela b\u00fdt ukon\u010dena. Civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti jsou ve v\u0161ech v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, ale d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d je jich ve v\u00e1lce v Gaze tak tragicky mnoho, je to, \u017ee Ham\u00e1s vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 oby\u010dejn\u00e9 ob\u010dany jako lidsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty. Je stra\u0161n\u00e9, opravdu srdcervouc\u00ed vid\u011bt, jak jsou v Gaze zran\u011bny nebo zabity bezbrann\u00e9 \u017eeny a d\u011bti a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 nevinn\u00ed mu\u017ei. Vinu v\u0161ak nese Ham\u00e1s. Jsou to zbab\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed se schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed za civilisty. Izraelsk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 s\u00edly mus\u00ed dokon\u010dit sv\u016fj \u00fakol, kter\u00fd jim neusnadnila ani prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vl\u00e1d \u0160pan\u011blska, Irska a Norska z 28. kv\u011btna.<\/p>\n
Druhou my\u0161lenkou je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dvou st\u00e1t\u016f, podobn\u00e9 tomu, kter\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty odm\u00edtly v roce 1947. Op\u011bt to zn\u00ed dob\u0159e. Za sou\u010dasn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed je to v\u0161ak nere\u00e1ln\u00e9. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t nem\u016f\u017ee akceptovat sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1t, od kter\u00e9ho lze neust\u00e1le o\u010dek\u00e1vat n\u00e1lety a rakety. Ham\u00e1s neskr\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee odm\u00edt\u00e1 uznat pr\u00e1vo Izraele na existenci. Je pou\u010dn\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 mraziv\u00e9, \u017ee v roce 2021 uspo\u0159\u00e1dali konferenci<\/a> o tom, co d\u011blat po z\u00e1niku Izraele a „\u00fapln\u00e9m osvobozen\u00ed Palestiny od mo\u0159e k \u0159ece“. \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se odv\u00e1\u017eili kl\u00e1st odpor, m\u011bli b\u00fdt zabiti. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 by mohli odej\u00edt nebo z\u016fstat jako ob\u010dan\u00e9 nov\u00e9ho palestinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. \u017did\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli „odborn\u00edky v oblasti medic\u00edny, techniky, technologie a civiln\u00edho a vojensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu“, v\u0161ak nesm\u011bli odej\u00edt, proto\u017ee nov\u00fd st\u00e1t musel \u010derpat z jejich zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Konference tak\u00e9 doporu\u010dila, aby byly sestaveny seznamy „agent\u016f okupace v Palestin\u011b, v regionu a ve sv\u011bt\u011b“, aby mohla b\u00fdt Palestina a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta „o\u010di\u0161t\u011bna od t\u00e9to pokryteck\u00e9 spodiny“. Je to palestinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u0160pan\u011blska, Irska a Norska? Teoreticky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ne, ale v praxi nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ano, pokud Izraeli nebude umo\u017en\u011bno vyhr\u00e1t v\u00e1lku v Gaze.<\/p>\nJedin\u00e1 realistick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Jedin\u00e1 dv\u011b realistick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konfliktu v Gaze a na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu jsou jednak to, \u017ee arabsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ijmou arabsk\u00e9 uprchl\u00edky z t\u011bchto dvou \u00fazem\u00ed a za\u010dlen\u00ed je do sv\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, a jednak to, \u017ee ti, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstanou, budou moci \u017e\u00edt v samospr\u00e1vn\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch, trochu podobn\u00fdch \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdm kanton\u016fm, v r\u00e1mci Izraele, kter\u00fd si v\u0161ak zachov\u00e1 suverenitu nad cel\u00fdm regionem.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00datok Ham\u00e1su na Izrael 7. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 byl stra\u0161livou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, skute\u010dnou katastrofou, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou. Terorist\u00e9 zn\u00e1sil\u0148ovali \u017eeny a zab\u00edjeli d\u011bti. Zavra\u017edili celkem 1200 lid\u00ed, co\u017e je v\u00edce \u017did\u016f, ne\u017e bylo zabito za jedin\u00fd den od holocaustu, a zajali v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 rukojm\u00edch. Na rozd\u00edl od nacist\u016f se terorist\u00e9 z Ham\u00e1su nesna\u017eili svou zlobu skr\u00fdvat. M\u00edsto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":26723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1495,181],"tags":[1534,921,892,734,897],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[387],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-28169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-konflikty-na-blizkem-vychode","category-kultura-cs","tag-fatah","tag-gaza","tag-hamas","tag-israel","tag-palestine","editorial-positions-focus","regions-africa-and-middle-east-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\n
\u0160pan\u011blsko, Irsko a Norsko odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed terorismus - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/spanelsko-irsko-a-norsko-odmenuji-terorismus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0160pan\u011blsko, Irsko a Norsko odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed terorismus - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00datok Ham\u00e1su na Izrael 7. \u0159\u00edjna 2023 byl stra\u0161livou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, skute\u010dnou katastrofou, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou. Terorist\u00e9 zn\u00e1sil\u0148ovali \u017eeny a zab\u00edjeli d\u011bti. Zavra\u017edili celkem 1200 lid\u00ed, co\u017e je v\u00edce \u017did\u016f, ne\u017e bylo zabito za jedin\u00fd den od holocaustu, a zajali v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 rukojm\u00edch. Na rozd\u00edl od nacist\u016f se terorist\u00e9 z Ham\u00e1su nesna\u017eili svou zlobu skr\u00fdvat. 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