{"id":29428,"date":"2024-06-25T16:41:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/milton-friedman-ridi-show"},"modified":"2024-06-25T16:41:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:00","slug":"milton-friedman-ridi-show","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/milton-friedman-ridi-show","title":{"rendered":"Milton Friedman \u0159\u00edd\u00ed show?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V obs\u00e1hl\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/04\/25\/joe-biden-green-stimulus-207848\">rozhovoru pro<\/a> <em>Politico <\/em> v dubnu 2020, sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, popsal demokratick\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Joe Biden sv\u016fj ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed program zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a p\u0159idal z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zvol\u00e1n\u00ed: &#8222;Milton Friedman u\u017e ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed show. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee t\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 t\u0159i v\u011bci: \u017ee Friedman skute\u010dn\u011b &#8222;\u0159\u00eddil show&#8220;, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b znamenalo, \u017ee dlouhou dobu v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148oval hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politiku; \u017ee nyn\u00ed u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed tak relevantn\u00ed jako v posledn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159iceti \u010di pades\u00e1ti letech; a \u017ee ti, kdo podporuj\u00ed Friedmanovy my\u0161lenky, by m\u011bli volit sp\u00ed\u0161e Donalda Trumpa ne\u017e Bidena (co\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 zm\u00e1tlo n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00e9 libertari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele, kte\u0159\u00ed volili Bidena z hlubok\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed k Trumpovi). V informativn\u00ed a dob\u0159e napsan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 biografii <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Milton-Friedman-Conservative-Jennifer-Burns\/dp\/0374601143\/\"><em>Miltona Friedmana Posledn\u00ed konzervativec<\/em><\/a> vypr\u00e1v\u00ed histori\u010dka Jennifer Burnsov\u00e1 ze Stanfordu pozoruhodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho chlapce z Rahway, syna p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f, mal\u00e9ho vzr\u016fstu, ale inteligentn\u00edho a pracovit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148oval konven\u010dn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a nakonec se s\u00e1m stal novou konven\u010dn\u00ed moudrost\u00ed. Burnsov\u00e1 pe\u010dliv\u011b prostudovala rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 Friedmanovy archivy v Hooverov\u011b institutu i archivy jeho p\u0159\u00e1tel a koleg\u016f a vytvo\u0159ila tak nikoliv Friedman\u016fv osobn\u00ed portr\u00e9t, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dtiv\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bjiny chicagsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161koly. Udr\u017euje si odstup, ale jej\u00ed n\u00e1zory jsou obvykle spravedliv\u00e9 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9. Nebyl jsem Friedmanov\u00fdm studentem, ale m\u011bl jsem to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee jsem se s n\u00edm a jeho \u017eenou Rose v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let dob\u0159e sezn\u00e1mil, proto\u017ee jsem s nimi p\u016fsobil v Mont Pelerin Society (mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademii liber\u00e1ln\u00edch a konzervativn\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f, aktivist\u016f a lid\u00ed s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi), b\u011bhem jejich n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Islandu v roce 1984 a jako hostuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk v 80. a 90. letech v Hooverov\u011b institutu, kde jsem se s nimi \u010dasto setk\u00e1val.<\/p>\n<h3>Monetarismus je star\u00e1 a \u00factyhodn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka<\/h3>\n<p>Friedman mi kdysi popsal t\u0159i f\u00e1ze toho, jak byl p\u0159ijat. Nejprve byl ignorov\u00e1n. (Jeho kniha <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Capitalism-Freedom-Milton-Friedman\/dp\/022673479X\/\"><em>Kapitalismus a svoboda<\/em><\/a> z roku 1962,  p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed neot\u0159el\u00fdmi n\u00e1pady a geni\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1vrhy, nebyla recenzov\u00e1na v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch nebo \u010dasopisech ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.) Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi byl zesm\u011b\u0161n\u011bn. (Robert Solow prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Friedmanovi v\u0161echno p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pen\u00edze a \u017ee jemu samotn\u00e9mu v\u0161echno p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sex, ale \u017ee sex do sv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f nepou\u0161t\u00ed). Nakonec \u0159ekli: To nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 novinka. Friedman n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco, co u\u017e jsme v\u011bd\u011bli. Kritici ve t\u0159et\u00ed a posledn\u00ed f\u00e1zi m\u011bli pravdu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se m\u00fdlili. David Hume a p\u0159ed n\u00edm Salamansk\u00e1 \u0161kola toti\u017e p\u0159edstavili to, co se pozd\u011bji stalo zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako monetarismus: \u017ee inflace vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e r\u016fst pen\u011bz p\u0159evy\u0161uje r\u016fst celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Friedman tuto starou a \u00factyhodnou teorii o\u017eivil a prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee velk\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed byla zp\u016fsobena velk\u00fdm poklesem nab\u00eddky pen\u011bz. Vyvolalo ji p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odm\u00edtnut\u00ed Rady feder\u00e1ln\u00edch rezerv v prosinci 1930 zachr\u00e1nit velkou banku Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee ji ovl\u00e1dali \u017did\u00e9. Toto odm\u00edtnut\u00ed pos\u00edlilo existuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale zvl\u00e1dnutelnou krizi likvidity. V bankovn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu s \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fdmi rezervami nem\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 banka odolat runu na ni a n\u00e1sledovala \u0159ada bankovn\u00edch \u00fapadk\u016f. V krizi likvidity v letech 2007-2009 Rada feder\u00e1ln\u00edch rezerv v d\u016fsledku Friedmanovy anal\u00fdzy neopakovala svou chybu z roku 1930.<\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/byl-john-stuart-mill-liberal'>Byl John Stuart Mill liber\u00e1l?<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/rozhovory-se-studenty-za-svobodu'>Rozhovory se studenty za svobodu<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/jdou-priznivci-svobody-spravnym-smerem'>Jdou p\u0159\u00edznivci svobody spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem?<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3>Friedmanovy \u017eeny<\/h3>\n<p>U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed biografie o Miltonu Friedmanovi bych v\u0161ak r\u00e1d uvedl t\u0159i pozn\u00e1mky. Nejprve Burns zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mu v\u00fdznamn\u011b pom\u00e1haly dv\u011b ekonomky, jeho \u017eena Rose Friedmanov\u00e1 a Anna J. Schwartzov\u00e1, spoluautorka z\u00e1sadn\u00edch <em>D\u011bjin m\u011bny Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/em>. Burnsov\u00e1 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee jim Friedmanov\u00e1 projevila pln\u00fd respekt, ale m\u011bla to v\u00edce zd\u016fraznit. Jej\u00ed chv\u00e1la je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slab\u00e1. Friedman se nikdy nesna\u017eil zleh\u010dovat jejich v\u00fdznam a pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky jeho r\u00e1zn\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu z\u00edskala Schwartzov\u00e1 nakonec zaslou\u017een\u00fd doktor\u00e1t. \u010casto jsem byl sv\u011bdkem debat mezi Miltonem a Rose Friedmanovou a ona se obvykle dok\u00e1zala postavit pohotov\u00e9mu Miltonovi. Kdy\u017e jsem s nimi jednou proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl Reykjav\u00edkem, Rose se m\u011b zeptala, pro\u010d po\u0159\u00e1d mluv\u00edme islandsky. Nebylo by pro n\u00e1s mnohem efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ijmout angli\u010dtinu? (To se stalo v Irsku a ve Skotsku.) Milton zas\u00e1hl a \u0159ekl, \u017ee Islan\u010fan\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed mluvit sv\u00fdm jazykem. Byla to ned\u00edln\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich identity. Souhlasil jsem s Miltonem a sna\u017eil jsem se mu vysv\u011btlit, \u017ee Islan\u010fan\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed historii jeden\u00e1cti set let, kdy osam\u011ble \u017eili na odlehl\u00e9m ostrov\u011b, bojovali proti ciz\u00edmu \u00fatlaku a drsn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sil\u00e1m a vytvo\u0159ili si siln\u00fd pocit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity. Rose i Milton m\u011bli dobr\u00e9 argumenty na podporu sv\u00fdch postoj\u016f, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1vrh\u016f. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli nahlas, nic dogmaticky netvrdili. V\u017edycky jsem m\u011bl dojem, \u017ee Rose je z nich dvou konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Byla sp\u00ed\u0161e tvrd\u011b uva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomkou a m\u00e9n\u011b vzd\u011blanou filozofkou ne\u017e jej\u00ed man\u017eel.<\/p>\n<h3>Vynucen\u00e1 nebo spont\u00e1nn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace?<\/h3>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, a to je je\u0161t\u011b kontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Burns tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Friedman\u016fv odpor k z\u00e1konu o ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech z roku 1964 vrh\u00e1 st\u00edn na jeho odkaz. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se v\u0161ak, \u017ee jeho pozici pln\u011b nevystihuje. Friedman byl d\u016fsledn\u00fdm klasick\u00fdm liber\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee podm\u00ednky skupin, kter\u00e9 se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edm nebo opovr\u017een\u00edm ze strany ostatn\u00edch, lze nejl\u00e9pe zlep\u0161it nikoliv z\u00e1kony zakazuj\u00edc\u00edmi jejich diskriminaci, ale vytvo\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro tyto skupiny, aby zlep\u0161ily sv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a n\u00e1sledn\u011b si z\u00edskaly respekt. Pokud si m\u011bl vybrat mezi nucenou segregac\u00ed a nucenou integrac\u00ed, nemohl si nevybrat integraci. Burns v\u0161ak ignoruje, \u017ee klasick\u00fd liber\u00e1l kladl d\u016fraz na &#8222;vynucen\u00e9&#8220;. Jako \u017did Friedman dob\u0159e znal zlo rasov\u00fdch p\u0159edsudk\u016f. Cht\u011bl v\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e spont\u00e1nn\u00ed ne\u017e vynucenou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm instituc\u00edm by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt dovoleno diskriminovat, ale jako klasick\u00fd liber\u00e1l se domn\u00edval, \u017ee jednotlivci a soukrom\u00e9 spolky mohou (i kdy\u017e s nimi osobn\u011b nesouhlasil), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1klady na diskriminaci by nesly nejen c\u00edle, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pachatel\u00e9. T\u00edm by se diskriminace postupn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila na zanedbatelnou \u00farove\u0148. Na n\u011bkoho, koho pova\u017eujete za potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, nek\u0159i\u010d\u00edte nad\u00e1vky. Nerozli\u0161ujete, pokud jsou n\u00e1klady zna\u010dn\u00e9. Friedman \u010dasto upozor\u0148oval na to, \u017ee ve dvou nejsout\u011b\u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, v hudb\u011b a ve sportu, existuje jen mal\u00e1, pokud v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00e1 rasov\u00e1 diskriminace.<\/p>\n<h3>Kde rasa nehraje roli<\/h3>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd rasov\u00fd probl\u00e9m ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech mus\u00ed souviset s t\u00edm, jak brut\u00e1ln\u011b bylo zru\u0161eno otroctv\u00ed. Srovnej z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e1 panstv\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Braz\u00edlie. V britsk\u00fdch domini\u00edch byl obchod s otroky zak\u00e1z\u00e1n v roce 1807 a otroctv\u00ed zru\u0161eno v roce 1833. Majitel\u00e9 otrok\u016f v\u0161ak byli za sv\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty od\u0161kodn\u011bni a p\u0159echod prob\u011bhl v klidu. Zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed prob\u011bhlo v klidu tak\u00e9 v Braz\u00edlii, kter\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech americk\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159ijala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det otrok\u016f z Afriky, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu deseti milion\u016f. Nejprve byl v roce 1831 zak\u00e1z\u00e1n dovoz a prodej otrok\u016f, i kdy\u017e tento z\u00e1kon nebyl v\u017edy dodr\u017eov\u00e1n. V roce 1871 byla d\u011btem otrok\u016f ud\u011blena svoboda. V roce 1885 dostali svobodu otroci star\u0161\u00ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti let. Manumission bylo tehdy ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Kdy\u017e bylo otroctv\u00ed v Braz\u00edlii z\u00e1konem z roku 1888 definitivn\u011b zru\u0161eno, byla v Braz\u00edlii st\u00e1le zotro\u010dena pouze \u010dtvrtina \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9ho a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Od t\u00e9 doby do\u0161lo, v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b v d\u016fsledku roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch mezirasov\u00fdch s\u0148atk\u016f, k dobr\u00e9 integraci \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9ho a domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Dokonce i \u017did\u00e9 a Japonci \u010dasto uzav\u00edraj\u00ed s\u0148atky mimo sv\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed komunity. Braz\u00edlie byla skute\u010dn\u00fdm tavic\u00edm kotlem, z n\u011bho\u017e nebyli vylou\u010deni \u010derno\u0161i a dal\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 jako ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Braz\u00edlii jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a mn\u011b, kter\u00fd \u017eiji v Riu de Janeiru p\u016fl roku, p\u0159ipad\u00e1, \u017ee si s rasou nikdo hlavu nel\u00e1me. Pokud m\u00e1te v\u00fdhrady, kdy\u017e v\u00e1m dcera p\u0159edstav\u00ed \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele, nen\u00ed to proto, \u017ee je \u010dern\u00fd, ale proto, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt chud\u00fd, proto\u017ee \u010derno\u0161i jsou obecn\u011b chud\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011blo\u0161i. Chcete, aby va\u0161e dcera m\u011bla dobr\u00fd \u017eivot. Ale jakmile zjist\u00edte, \u017ee nen\u00ed chud\u00fd, va\u0161e v\u00fdhrady zmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V Braz\u00edlii proto nen\u00ed rasov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka takov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem jako ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kde ke zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed sta\u010dila p\u011btilet\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a 700 000 mrtv\u00fdch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Jih se ocitl v trosk\u00e1ch. Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla tragick\u00fdm omylem. M\u00edsto toho, aby ji\u017en\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm vnucovaly zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed, m\u011bly severn\u00ed st\u00e1ty umo\u017enit postupn\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed otroctv\u00ed jako v Braz\u00edlii nebo poskytnout otrok\u00e1\u0159\u016fm ur\u010ditou kompenzaci jako v Britsk\u00e9m imp\u00e9riu. Pak by nebylo ob\u011btov\u00e1no 700 000 \u017eivot\u016f. Por\u00e1\u017eka Jihu vedla k nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed pon\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch b\u00edl\u00fdch obyvatel Jihu v\u016f\u010di \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu. Kdy\u017e byly tyto st\u00e1ty znovu p\u0159ijaty do Unie, jejich b\u011blo\u0161sk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo sv\u016fj hn\u011bv zjevnou a krutou diskriminac\u00ed \u010dernoch\u016f &#8211; diskriminac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala po cel\u00e9 stolet\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od Braz\u00edlie je ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech rasov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. \u010cerno\u0161i jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ob\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f o minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzd\u011b a miziv\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Friedman v Chile<\/h3>\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Jennifer Burnsov\u00e1 vy\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 Miltonu Friedmanovi, \u017ee se nezapojil do signalizace ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, proto\u017ee spont\u00e1nn\u00ed integraci, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fdsledkem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a tr\u017en\u00ed konkurence, pova\u017eoval za \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vynucenou integraci. Tot\u00e9\u017e lze \u0159\u00edci i o jej\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o Friedmanov\u011b slavn\u00e9 cest\u011b do Chile. Je to jist\u011b spravedliv\u00fd a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd popis. Takzvan\u00ed chicag\u0161t\u00ed chlapci z Chile byli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm studenty Friedmanova kolegy z Chicaga Arnolda Harbergera (kter\u00fd m\u011bl chilskou man\u017eelku). V roce 1971 p\u0159ipravili komplexn\u00ed liberaliza\u010dn\u00ed program pro konzervativn\u00edho kandid\u00e1ta v prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v roce 1971, kdy se Allende stal prezidentem se ziskem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 36 % hlas\u016f. A\u010dkoli Allende nem\u011bl podporu 64 % voli\u010d\u016f, cht\u011bl v Chile zav\u00e9st socialismus a jeho nejradik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stoupenci se sna\u017eili n\u00e1sledovat Fidela Castra na Kub\u011b, neleg\u00e1ln\u011b zab\u00edrali velk\u00e9 farmy a tov\u00e1rny a ukr\u00fdvali zbran\u011b v tajn\u00fdch skladech. Parlament vyzval Allendeho k odchodu a arm\u00e1da ho nakonec po dvou chaotick\u00fdch letech svrhla. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bli gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 nejasn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o tom, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s nestabiln\u00ed ekonomikou, ale brzy p\u0159ijali liberaliza\u010dn\u00ed program chicagsk\u00fdch hoch\u016f, kter\u00fd byl je\u0161t\u011b komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V roce 1975 byl Friedman pozv\u00e1n do Chile, kde se setkal s Pinochetem a podpo\u0159il program. Chilsk\u00e9mu dikt\u00e1torovi dal stejn\u00e9 rady jako dikt\u00e1tor\u016fm v Jugosl\u00e1vii a \u010c\u00edn\u011b: privatizace, stabilizace, liberalizace. Friedmana tedy v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nelze pova\u017eovat za autora Pinochetovy politiky nebo dokonce za dikt\u00e1torova poradce, jak Burns trp\u011bliv\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 a vysv\u011btluje. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee m\u011bl Pinochet\u016fv re\u017eim odsoudit p\u0159\u00edmo a bez obalu, m\u00edsto aby se obecn\u011b vyslovil pro demokracii.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bli by liber\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 odm\u00edtnout jakoukoli spolupr\u00e1ci s dikt\u00e1tory? Jinak \u0159e\u010deno: M\u011bli by liber\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed mo\u017enost vypracovat n\u00e1pady na zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, tyto n\u00e1pady odm\u00edtnout, proto\u017ee by to byli dikt\u00e1to\u0159i, kdo by tyto n\u00e1pady realizoval? A\u010dkoli byl Benjamin Constant ostr\u00fdm kritikem Napoleona, radil mu v roce 1815 s novou \u00fastavou. Ludwig von Mises byl tak\u00e9 poradcem kancl\u00e9\u0159e Engelberta Dollfusse, kter\u00fd se v roce 1934 po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edm demokrat\u016fm chopil moci. Friedman zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 svoboda v Chile pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede nejen k prosperit\u011b, ale v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu tak\u00e9 k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 svobod\u011b. V tom m\u011bl vlastn\u011b pravdu. Pinochet na rozd\u00edl od Castra na Kub\u011b umo\u017enil svobodn\u00e9 volby, p\u0159ijal svou por\u00e1\u017eku a odstoupil. Friedman tak\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zal na pokrytectv\u00ed levice, kter\u00e1 ho kritizovala za obhajobu ekonomick\u00e9 liberalizace v Chile, ale ne\u0159ekla nic, kdy\u017e obhajoval ekonomickou liberalizaci v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, zemi mnohem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bji kontrolovan\u00e9. Friedman pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b inspiroval liberalizaci v Chile v 80. letech. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak inspiroval liberalizaci na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, jeho radami se \u0159\u00eddily t\u0159i velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy: vojensk\u00e1 junta v Chile, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokrat\u00e9 na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a konzervativci ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. To ukazuje, \u017ee jeho my\u0161lenky byly \u0161iroce pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 a mohly b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch re\u017eimech. Friedman by se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b snadno zbavil toho, co od n\u011bj Burns z\u0159ejm\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1val, a odm\u00edtl by m\u00edt cokoli spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s k\u00fdmkoli, kdo nen\u00ed p\u0159ijateln\u00fd pro americk\u00e9 fakultn\u00ed kluby.<\/p>\n<h3>Inspirace<\/h3>\n<p>Nesouhlas\u00edm tedy s t\u00edm, \u017ee Friedman\u016fv odpor k z\u00e1konu o ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech z roku 1964 a jeho podpora liberaliza\u010dn\u00edho programu v Chile v roce 1975 vrhaj\u00ed st\u00edn na jeho odkaz. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 bylo i to, \u017ee Friedman inspiroval n\u00e1vrat b\u00fdval\u00fdch komunistick\u00fdch zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u017eivotu v 90. letech. Rusko-americk\u00fd ekonom a profesor na Harvardu Andrej \u0160lejfer se pt\u00e1: &#8222;V \u00e9\u0159e Miltona Friedmana do\u0161lo k velk\u00e9mu rozvoji sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky, k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality \u017eivota miliard lid\u00ed a k podstatn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hroziv\u00e9 chudoby. To v\u0161e v dob\u011b, kdy sv\u011bt p\u0159ij\u00edmal reformy voln\u00e9ho trhu. Je to n\u00e1hoda? Milton Friedman nikdy \u017e\u00e1dnou show ne\u0159\u00eddil. \u017divot nen\u00ed cirkus ani kabaret, jak si z\u0159ejm\u011b mysl\u00ed Joe Biden. Friedman v\u0161ak svou v\u00fdmluvnou obhajobou ekonomick\u00e9 svobody a praktick\u00fdmi radami inspiroval mnoho lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b prezidenta Ronalda Reagana, kter\u00fd mu vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 hold. Doufejme, \u017ee Friedman bude i nad\u00e1le inspirovat mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V obs\u00e1hl\u00e9m rozhovoru pro Politico v dubnu 2020, sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, popsal demokratick\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Joe Biden sv\u016fj ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed program zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a p\u0159idal z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zvol\u00e1n\u00ed: &#8222;Milton Friedman u\u017e ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed show. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee t\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 t\u0159i v\u011bci: \u017ee Friedman skute\u010dn\u011b &#8222;\u0159\u00eddil show&#8220;, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b znamenalo, \u017ee dlouhou dobu v\u00fdznamn\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":29370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,150],"tags":[987,866,1283,1561,1512],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[339,367,404],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-29428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","category-obchod-a-ekonomika","tag-capitalism","tag-free-markets","tag-free-trade","tag-race","tag-slavery","editorial-positions-focus","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-usa-cs","regions-world-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Milton Friedman \u0159\u00edd\u00ed show? - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/milton-friedman-ridi-show\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Milton Friedman \u0159\u00edd\u00ed show? - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V obs\u00e1hl\u00e9m rozhovoru pro Politico v dubnu 2020, sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, popsal demokratick\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Joe Biden sv\u016fj ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed program zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a p\u0159idal z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zvol\u00e1n\u00ed: &#8222;Milton Friedman u\u017e ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed show. 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