{"id":42471,"date":"2025-05-16T13:34:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T13:34:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/studie-globalni-rentgenovy-snimek-omezeni-volneho-obchodu"},"modified":"2025-05-16T13:34:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T13:34:30","slug":"studie-globalni-rentgenovy-snimek-omezeni-volneho-obchodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/studie-globalni-rentgenovy-snimek-omezeni-volneho-obchodu","title":{"rendered":"Studie: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rentgenov\u00fd sn\u00edmek omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho obchodu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zpr\u00e1va Tholos Foundation „International Trade Barrier Index 2025“ (TBI 2025) poskytuje podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r ve 122 zem\u00edch. T\u011bchto 122 analyzovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 97 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP a 80 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. Index, kter\u00fd vypracovali mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odborn\u00edci na ekonomiku a obchodn\u00ed politiku, analyzuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky obchodu a rozd\u011bluje je do \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f: Tarify, netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, omezen\u00ed slu\u017eeb a usnadn\u011bn\u00ed obchodu. Index BIT 2025, kter\u00fd byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna, p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu vyd\u00e1n\u00ed vypracovan\u00e9mu v roce 2023. BIT odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed slo\u017eitost a dynamiku mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch politik, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformace a rostouc\u00ed protekcionismus v kontextu dne\u0161n\u00edho geopolitick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n

4 pil\u00ed\u0159e indexu TBI ve srozumiteln\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Prvn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em indexu BIT jsou tarify. Cla z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 celosv\u011btov\u00e1 sazba nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod (MFN) \u010din\u00ed 7,6 %, co\u017e je o 8,7 % v\u00edce ne\u017e ve vyd\u00e1n\u00ed TBI 2023. Vynik\u00e1 liber\u00e1ln\u00ed celn\u00ed politikou, kdy zem\u011b jako Hongkong a Singapur uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nulov\u00e1 cla, zat\u00edmco Indie a Egypt uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cla. Izrael se v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku posunul d\u00edky ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm celn\u00edm sazb\u00e1m a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu bezceln\u00edch polo\u017eek. Naopak USA hroz\u00ed propad v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku kv\u016fli nov\u00e9 celn\u00ed kampani, kterou zah\u00e1jil prezident Donald Trump a kter\u00e1 by mohla v\u00e9st ke zru\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech bezceln\u00edch polo\u017eek. <\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm pil\u00ed\u0159em indexu BIT jsou netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky zahrnuj\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, jako jsou dovozn\u00ed\/v\u00fdvozn\u00ed kv\u00f3ty, sanit\u00e1rn\u00ed a fytosanit\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed (SPS), v\u00fdvozn\u00ed subvence, antidumpingov\u00e9 politiky a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed cla. A\u010dkoli jsou netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky m\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u00e9 ne\u017e cla, mohou m\u00edt tato opat\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dopad. Nejv\u00edce netarifn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 zem\u011b, jako jsou USA, N\u011bmecko nebo Francie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad USA vedou, pokud jde o bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky (antidumpingov\u00e1 cla a protiopat\u0159en\u00ed). Zem\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy z\u00e1rove\u0148 tato opat\u0159en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka kv\u016fli nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 administrativn\u00ed kapacit\u011b. <\/p>\n

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Omezen\u00ed slu\u017eeb, t\u0159et\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 BIT, <\/span>je st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. <\/span>BIT 2025 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 omezen\u00edmi v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech, jako jsou telekomunikace, finan\u010dn\u00ed, odborn\u00e9, stavebn\u00ed a z\u00e1bavn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Vysp\u011bl\u00e9 zem\u011b, jako jsou USA a Kanada, jsou relativn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9, zat\u00edmco Indon\u00e9sie, Vietnam, \u010c\u00edna, Rusk\u00e1 federace a Indie pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejrestriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b kv\u016fli politice m\u00edstn\u00edho obsahu a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm omezen\u00edm v telekomunika\u010dn\u00edm a finan\u010dn\u00edm sektoru. <\/p>\n

Usnad\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu, \u010dtvrt\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159, odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady „za hranicemi“, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu: vlastnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, v\u00fdkonnost logistiky, dohody o voln\u00e9m obchodu (FTA) a omezen\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu. Singapur z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem v oblasti usnad\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu, n\u00e1sleduje Finsko, N\u011bmecko a Rakousko. N\u00e1r\u016fst omezen\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu (DTR), zejm\u00e9na v EU a \u010c\u00edn\u011b, v\u0161ak negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje celkov\u00e9 sk\u00f3re usnadn\u011bn\u00ed obchodu. <\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod, nov\u00e1 hranice protekcionismu. Anal\u00fdza podle region\u016f a p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch skupin <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem zpr\u00e1vy TBI 2025 je rozmach digit\u00e1ln\u00edch bari\u00e9r. Evropsk\u00e1 unie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u016f, jako je z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 omezen\u00ed toku dat, po\u017eadavky na m\u00edstn\u00ed obsah, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dan\u011b. Tato omezen\u00ed uvalen\u00e1 EU podle odborn\u00edk\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e a inovace. \u010c\u00edna dominuje, pokud jde o „lokalizaci dat“ a „bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry“, zat\u00edmco USA se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm feder\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm, ale ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed omezen\u00ed na \u00farovni st\u00e1t\u016f v oblasti gig ekonomiky (Uber, Airbnb atd.). Zem\u011b jako Singapur a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu nejotev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed Amerika z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edky Kanad\u011b a USA zdaleka nejvoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm regionem. Z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bsu za severoamerick\u00fdm kontinentem, i kdy\u017e je t\u00e1hnou dol\u016f netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00ed. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a Tichomo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e1 extr\u00e9my od Hongkongu (1. m\u00edsto) a Singapuru (2. m\u00edsto) a\u017e po Indon\u00e9sii (122. m\u00edsto). Subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika dos\u00e1hla pokroku d\u00edky zem\u00edm, jako je Mauricius, zat\u00edmco v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii je nejv\u00edce restrikc\u00ed, kter\u00fdm dominuj\u00ed Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n. Zem\u011b s vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy jsou obecn\u011b svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed netarifn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch omezen\u00ed, zat\u00edmco zem\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi a st\u0159edn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vysok\u00e1 cla a maj\u00ed \u0161patnou logistiku. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Argentinsk\u00e1 politika substituce dovozu vedla k vysok\u00fdm cl\u016fm, ale omezila konkurenceschopnost a zv\u00fd\u0161ila inflaci. Dohoda mezi Mercosurem a EU otev\u00edr\u00e1 perspektivy, ale vy\u017eaduje slad\u011bn\u00ed norem du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. EU vs. Mercosur a Indon\u00e9sie: Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se politiky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a z\u00e1kon\u016f o digit\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup na trh pro jihoamerick\u00e9 a asijsk\u00e9 partnery. <\/span>Spor o palmov\u00fd olej s Indon\u00e9si\u00ed tuto dynamiku podtrhuje. Po brexitu z\u00edskal britsk\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regul\u00e1tor CMA (\u00fa\u0159ad pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e) nov\u00e9 pravomoci. Na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed giganty, zejm\u00e9na americk\u00e9, tak byla uvalena omezen\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee odradit dom\u00e1c\u00ed inovace. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Asii vedly po\u017eadavky na m\u00edstn\u00ed obsah zaveden\u00e9 Indon\u00e9si\u00ed k z\u00e1kazu iPhonu 16, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinnosti t\u011bchto politik p\u0159i stimulaci m\u00edstn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu. <\/p>\n

Dynamika obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b TBI 2025<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pro hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed dynamiky obchodn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek byla do zpr\u00e1vy TBI 2025 za\u0159azena \u0159ada graf\u016f a tabulek, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu poskytnou vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz trend\u016f, region\u00e1ln\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f a v\u00fdvoje v \u010dase. <\/span>Obr\u00e1zek zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek BIT 2025 ukazuje po\u0159ad\u00ed 122 analyzovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed podle celkov\u00e9ho sk\u00f3re BIT. Zem\u011bmi s nejmen\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem obchodn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek jsou Hongkong (1), Singapur (2), Izrael (3), d\u00e1le Kanada, Japonsko a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land. Na konci \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku jsou Indon\u00e9sie (122), Rusko (121), Indie (120) a Venezuela (119). Zem\u011b s otev\u0159enou ekonomikou orientovanou na export a slu\u017eby, jako je Singapur a Hongkong, maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt n\u00edzk\u00e9 sk\u00f3re TBI, zat\u00edmco velk\u00e9, protekcionisticky orientovan\u00e9 ekonomiky, jako je Indie a Rusk\u00e1 federace, jsou na opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i pohledu na v\u00fdvoj sk\u00f3re TBI mezi lety 2023 a 2025 vid\u00edme, \u017ee mezi lety 2023 (3,95) a 2025 (4,22) dojde v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku k pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9mu 7% n\u00e1r\u016fstu obchodn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst je v pil\u00ed\u0159i usnadn\u011bn\u00ed, n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a slu\u017eby. A\u010dkoli cla z\u016fstala relativn\u011b stabiln\u00ed, nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se h\u016f\u0159e odhaluj\u00ed a h\u016f\u0159e \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostla. To nazna\u010duje sofistikovanost protekcionismu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed od tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (cla) k rafinovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm (digit\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace, logistick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky). <\/p>\n

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Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na zm\u011bny v pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch Tarify a Usnadn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme si v\u0161imnout v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v po\u0159ad\u00ed zem\u00ed s nejp\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed celn\u00ed politikou. Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je d\u00edky mal\u00e9mu po\u010dtu celn\u00edch polo\u017eek a vysok\u00e9mu pod\u00edlu bezceln\u00edch polo\u017eek Mauricius. V pil\u00ed\u0159i usnadn\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b Singapur, ale d\u00edky zlep\u0161en\u00ed vlastnick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a logistiky lze pozorovat posun D\u00e1nska a Japonska v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Zem\u00edm s dobrou infrastrukturou a respektem k du\u0161evn\u00edmu vlastnictv\u00ed se tedy da\u0159\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et efektivn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, i kdy\u017e nemaj\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cla. <\/p>\n

Porovn\u00e1me-li index TBI podle zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch skupin a pou\u017eijeme-li jako m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 sk\u00f3re TBI, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sk\u00f3re maj\u00ed Severn\u00ed Amerika a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa, zat\u00edmco nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 obchodn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek maj\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Asie a subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy konstatovat, \u017ee v n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch regionech dominuj\u00ed cla a omezen\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Naopak vysp\u011bl\u00e9 regiony v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a sofistikovan\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry. <\/p>\n

Pokud jde o zm\u011bny v letech 2023-2025 <\/span>Subsaharsk\u00e1 Afrika je jedin\u00fdm regionem, kter\u00fd vyk\u00e1zal v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti usnadn\u011bn\u00ed, kde do\u0161lo k poklesu o 0,2 bodu, zat\u00edmco v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a Tichomo\u0159\u00ed do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, zejm\u00e9na v d\u016fsledku digit\u00e1ln\u00edch omezen\u00ed. V oblasti cel do\u0161lo k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu v ji\u017en\u00ed Asii, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed protekcionistickou politiku Indie a Banglad\u00e9\u0161e. Nejv\u00edce bezceln\u00edch zem\u00ed je na Mauriciu, v Hongkongu, Izraeli a Norsku, v\u0161echny s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdmi sazbami MFN a velk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem bezceln\u00edch polo\u017eek. Tyto zem\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee politiku otev\u0159en\u00e9ho obchodu lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt bez ohledu na velikost ekonomiky, pokud to umo\u017e\u0148uje infrastruktura a politick\u00e1 stabilita. Rozvinut\u00e9 (vysokop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9) zem\u011b maj\u00ed v oblasti slu\u017eeb pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 sk\u00f3re pouze 2,96 bodu, zat\u00edmco zem\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy dosahuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 bod\u016f. Nejv\u00edce posti\u017een\u00fdmi odv\u011btv\u00edmi jsou stavebnictv\u00ed, telekomunikace a odborn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Vl\u00e1dy chud\u00fdch zem\u00ed proto omezuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k zahrani\u010dn\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, aby ochr\u00e1nily m\u00edstn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, co\u017e v\u0161ak sni\u017euje kvalitu a konkurenceschopnost slu\u017eeb. <\/p>\n

P\u011bt nejrestriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed v oblasti slu\u017eeb tvo\u0159\u00ed Indon\u00e9sie, Vietnam, \u010c\u00edna, Rusko a Thajsko. Tyto zem\u011b uplat\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na lokalizaci, licencov\u00e1n\u00ed a obsah, zejm\u00e9na v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sektoru. Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b (nap\u0159. Polsko, Slovensko, N\u011bmecko) a USA jsou velk\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli netarifn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, zejm\u00e9na antidumpingov\u00fdch a vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch. Z grafu je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 zem\u011b, zat\u00edmco chud\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na cla. Netarifn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky jsou sofistikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 vysp\u011bl\u00e9 ekonomiky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k uvalen\u00ed omezen\u00ed, ani\u017e by zjevn\u011b poru\u0161ovaly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed dohody. <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e1r\u016fst digit\u00e1ln\u00edch bari\u00e9r je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v zem\u00edch s vysok\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Omezen\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dan\u011b, omezen\u00ed toku dat, regulace gig ekonomiky a po\u017eadavky na lokalizaci. Tyto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky jsou prosazov\u00e1ny pod z\u00e1minkou ochrany spot\u0159ebitele a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, ale mohou v\u00e1\u017en\u011b omezit inovace a volnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed mezi spole\u010dnostmi. N\u011bmecko, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, \u010c\u00edna, Indie, USA, Singapur a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land. N\u011bmecko a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed nejv\u00edce omezen\u00ed na toky dat a \u00fapravu obsahu. \u010c\u00edna dominuje v oblasti lokalizace a bezpe\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco USA maj\u00ed nejv\u00edce omezen\u00ed v oblasti gig ekonomiky. <\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee v zem\u00edch s hodnotou TBI ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 3,0 \u017eije pouze 0,15 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed 20 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP. Naproti tomu v\u00edce ne\u017e 22 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace \u017eije v zem\u00edch se sk\u00f3re 5,5-6,0 (Indie, Rusk\u00e1 federace), ale vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pouze 7,5 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP. Vysok\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry jsou spojeny s n\u00edzkou ekonomickou produktivitou. Voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice nepom\u011brn\u011b v\u00edce. <\/p>\n

Souvislosti mezi obchodem a hospod\u00e1\u0159skou svobodou<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sk\u00f3re TBI pozitivn\u011b koreluje s indexem ekonomick\u00e9 svobody, indexem prosperity a indexem p\u0159ipravenosti na um\u011blou inteligenci. <\/span>Pokud bychom m\u011bli z \u00fadaj\u016f uveden\u00fdch ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b International Trade Barrier Index 2025 vyvodit n\u011bjak\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, mohli bychom \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee existuje siln\u00e1 vazba mezi voln\u00fdm obchodem a pojmy prosperita, inovace a svoboda jednotlivce. Tyto korelace podporuj\u00ed my\u0161lenku, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r znamen\u00e1 v\u00edce svobody, prosperity a inovac\u00ed. <\/span>Index p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu 2025 je glob\u00e1ln\u00edm zrcadlem toho, jak hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed voln\u00fd pohyb zbo\u017e\u00ed, slu\u017eeb a my\u0161lenek. Zpr\u00e1va ukazuje, \u017ee protekcionismus, a\u010dkoli je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, sni\u017euje ekonomickou efektivitu a omezuje p\u0159\u00edstup lid\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem. Otev\u0159enost obchodu spolu s usnadn\u011bn\u00edm logistiky a omezen\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edch bari\u00e9r se jev\u00ed jako optim\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011br pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst. Obchodn\u00ed omezen\u00ed sice mohou do\u010dasn\u011b ochr\u00e1nit m\u00edstn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak omezuj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst, sni\u017euj\u00ed konkurenceschopnost a negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele. <\/p>\n

Index BIT 2025 poskytuje cennou platformu pro tv\u016frce politik, investory, akademiky a ob\u010dany, aby pochopili hlubok\u00fd dopad obchodn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek nejen na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 toky, ale i na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed svobody lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: PickPik.com<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zpr\u00e1va Tholos Foundation „International Trade Barrier Index 2025“ (TBI 2025) poskytuje podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r ve 122 zem\u00edch. T\u011bchto 122 analyzovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 97 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP a 80 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. Index, kter\u00fd vypracovali mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odborn\u00edci na ekonomiku a obchodn\u00ed politiku, analyzuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky obchodu a rozd\u011bluje je do \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":42426,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[2272,2271,2270],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[404],"types":[415],"class_list":["post-42471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obchod-a-ekonomika","tag-digital-trade-restrictions","tag-international-trade-barrier-index","tag-philip-thompson","editorial-positions-focus","regions-world-cs","types-news-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nStudie: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rentgenov\u00fd sn\u00edmek omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho obchodu - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/studie-globalni-rentgenovy-snimek-omezeni-volneho-obchodu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Studie: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rentgenov\u00fd sn\u00edmek omezen\u00ed voln\u00e9ho obchodu - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zpr\u00e1va Tholos Foundation „International Trade Barrier Index 2025“ (TBI 2025) poskytuje podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r ve 122 zem\u00edch. 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T\u011bchto 122 analyzovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 97 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP a 80 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace. 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