- AGILE: Evropa zvy\u0161uje obrann\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed, ale zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 ve strategii<\/li><\/a>
- Evropsk\u00e1 strategie spole\u010dnosti Chery: Vyu\u017eit\u00ed alianc\u00ed k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edho prostoru<\/li><\/a>
- EU spou\u0161t\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd syst\u00e9m vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu: Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed revize hrani\u010dn\u00edch kontrol<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n
Co je to funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnost a rozd\u00edly v Evropsk\u00e9 unii?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Podle definice se funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnost\u00ed rozum\u00ed neschopnost \u010dlov\u011bka vyu\u017e\u00edvat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed gramotnost a po\u010detn\u00ed dovednosti k efektivn\u00edmu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, ve \u0161kole, v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce v interakc\u00edch ve spole\u010dnosti. Dok\u00e1\u017ee si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst jednoduch\u00fd text, ale nedok\u00e1\u017ee z n\u011bj vy\u010d\u00edst nebo spr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretovat informace v n\u011bm uveden\u00e9, co\u017e omezuje jeho \u0161ance na uplatn\u011bn\u00ed na trhu pr\u00e1ce a aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast ve spole\u010dnosti. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fzkum\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti pat\u0159\u00ed k zem\u00edm s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti D\u00e1nsko (8 %), Slovinsko (8 %) a Finsko (11 %), na opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu jsou Rumunsko (43 %) a Francie (39 %), Bulharsko a \u0158ecko (27 %). Tyto rozd\u00edly vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 tyto statistiky ur\u010duj\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Prvn\u00edm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm tento fenom\u00e9n funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti je vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee seversk\u00e9 zem\u011b, jako je Finsko a D\u00e1nsko, jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi efektivn\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi na \u017e\u00e1ka nebo studenta, s d\u016frazem na kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed v praxi. Naproti tomu vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9my v zem\u00edch s vysokou m\u00edrou funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti jsou \u010dasto rigidn\u00ed, teoretick\u00e9 a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na memorov\u00e1n\u00ed. To je charakteristick\u00fd rys vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v Rumunsku, zemi s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm procentem funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti v EU. Vezmeme-li si za p\u0159\u00edklad Finsko, tato mal\u00e1 seversk\u00e1 zem\u011b s 5,6 milionu obyvatel neust\u00e1le investuje do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f a jej\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed program je flexibiln\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fd pot\u0159eb\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Na opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu stoj\u00ed Rumunsko a Bulharsko, kde jsou reformy vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto ned\u016fsledn\u00e9 a financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Shutterstock_2120808038.jpg\")
Kredit: Prostock-studio \/ Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Druh\u00fdm faktorem, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje fenom\u00e9n funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti, je demografick\u00e1 struktura a socioekonomick\u00fd kontext ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Zem\u011b se st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populac\u00ed nebo s velk\u00fdmi venkovsk\u00fdmi komunitami, jako je tomu v Rumunsku a Bulharsku, tak \u010del\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, pokud jde o p\u0159\u00edstup ke kvalitn\u00edmu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Chudoba a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed maj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e negativn\u00ed dopad na v\u00fdsledky vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed infrastruktura (\u0161koly s toaletami na dvo\u0159e, bez pitn\u00e9 vody, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 des\u00edtky kilometr\u016f od bydli\u0161t\u011b \u017e\u00e1ka) ve venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k n\u00e1r\u016fstu m\u00edry p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho ukon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky a procenta funk\u010dn\u00edch negramotn\u00fdch. Procento HDP vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je rovn\u011b\u017e mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou prom\u011bnnou v rovnici, kter\u00e1 vede k procentu\u00e1ln\u00edmu pod\u00edlu funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti ob\u010dan\u016f. Proto je financov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem. V\u011bt\u0161ina severn\u00edch zem\u00ed EU vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 % HDP, zat\u00edmco Rumunsko, Bulharsko a \u0158ecko sotva p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed 3-4 %. Tento rozd\u00edl se p\u0159\u00edmo odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v kvalit\u011b \u0161kolsk\u00e9 infrastruktury, platech pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, v\u00fdukov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a p\u0159\u00edstupu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f k technologi\u00edm. Ekonomick\u00e1 s\u00edla a investice do lidsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s m\u00edrou funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na zem\u011b se silnou ekonomikou, jako je N\u011bmecko a \u0160v\u00e9dsko, vid\u00edme, \u017ee ch\u00e1pou v\u00fdznam vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jako investice do lidsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu. Tyto zem\u011b rozv\u00edjej\u00ed udr\u017eitelnou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiku a financuj\u00ed programy n\u00e1pravy a dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Na druhou stranu pro zem\u011b s k\u0159ehkou ekonomikou je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 stanovit prioritu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu. <\/p>\n
Programy boje proti funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti financovan\u00e9 EU<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 unie m\u00e1 programy, kter\u00e9 financuj\u00ed \u0159adu iniciativ prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch fond\u016f a program\u016f. Mezi tyto programy pat\u0159\u00ed Erasmus+, PISA, Horizont Evropa a Ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n digit\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Podporuj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed mobilitu, v\u00fdzkum, pedagogick\u00e9 inovace a rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00edch kompetenc\u00ed. EPALE (Elektronick\u00e1 platforma pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch v Evrop\u011b) je projekt na podporu celo\u017eivotn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. SELFIE je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pracovn\u00edk\u016fm \u0161kol pochopit a zlep\u0161it zp\u016fsob vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba vysv\u011btlovat, o co v programech PISA jde. Tato mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zem\u00edm identifikovat slabiny vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a prov\u00e1d\u011bt reformy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na d\u016fkazech. <\/p>\n
Vliv soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na mlad\u00e9 lidi<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako Facebook, Instagram a TikTok maj\u00ed na mlad\u00e9 lidi v EU (od st\u00e1le mlad\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku) z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mohou b\u00fdt tyto s\u00edt\u011b platformou pro alternativn\u00ed informace a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u016f\u017ee jejich nadm\u011brn\u00e9 a nekontrolovan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat k povrchnosti my\u0161len\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 schopnosti soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a ztr\u00e1t\u011b z\u00e1jmu o \u010detbu. Probl\u00e9mem je tak\u00e9 nekontrolovan\u00fd obsah s informacemi, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed realit\u011b. Zejm\u00e9na TikTok podporuje kr\u00e1tk\u00fd a \u010dasto nepodstatn\u00fd obsah, co\u017e sni\u017euje trp\u011blivost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed a jejich schopnost kritick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 fenom\u00e9n \u201efake news\u201c (st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd ve spole\u010dnosti, v n\u00ed\u017e \u017eijeme) a manipulace s informacemi mohou v\u00e9st ke zmaten\u00ed a zt\u011b\u017eovat jednotlivc\u016fm pochopen\u00ed reality, co\u017e je st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomno zejm\u00e9na u lid\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi funk\u010dn\u00edmi dovednostmi. <\/p>\n
Vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed specifika \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU, pokud jde o funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnost<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Finsko m\u00e1 modern\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed program zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na rovnost a spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i u\u010den\u00ed. D\u00edky vysok\u00fdm investic\u00edm do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f je ve Finsku n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti (11 %). \u0160v\u00e9dsko klade d\u016fraz na individualizovan\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kompetence. Integrace p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f je pro \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd st\u00e1t v\u00fdzvou v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V D\u00e1nsku najdeme syst\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na rozvoj praktick\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed a kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, co\u017e vede k n\u00edzk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti (8 %). Estonsko s m\u00edrou funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti 18 % je l\u00eddrem v digitalizaci vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dosahuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v testech PISA. N\u011bmecko s investicemi do infrastruktury a dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e1z\u00ed na du\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m (\u0161kola + praxe), ale mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi spolkov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edly. Francie se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s vysokou m\u00edrou funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti (39 %). P\u0159esto\u017ee ve Francii nach\u00e1z\u00edme vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centralismus, existuj\u00ed zde probl\u00e9my s nerovnost\u00ed. \u0160pan\u011blsko je zasa\u017eeno p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm ukon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky a kvalitou vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fdch regionech, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou m\u00edru funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti (24 %). It\u00e1lie s m\u00edrou 23 % m\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed osnovy, ale st\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i integraci technologi\u00ed. Polsko dos\u00e1hlo v posledn\u00edch letech ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho pokroku, ale nerovnosti p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. M\u00edra funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti v Polsku v\u0161ak \u010din\u00ed 23 %. <\/p>\n
Rumunsko se s 43 procenty (nejv\u00edce v EU) \u0159ad\u00ed do negativn\u00ed ligy zem\u00ed, kde si mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017eou osvojit p\u0159e\u010dten\u00e9 informace. Vysv\u011btluje se to n\u00edzk\u00fdm financov\u00e1n\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, rozd\u00edly mezi vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm ve m\u011bstech a na venkov\u011b a n\u00edzk\u00fdmi platy u\u010ditel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u0161patn\u011b motivov\u00e1ni. Bulharsko s 24 % m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako Rumunsko. Bulharsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u0161ak v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vyvinula \u00fasil\u00ed o digitalizaci a inkluzi. <\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/shutterstock_2156291229_essays.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u010cast\u00e9 zm\u011bny vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiky a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed stav\u00ed Ma\u010farsko na rove\u0148 Bulharsku. Ve Slovinsku se d\u00edky st\u00e1l\u00fdm investic\u00edm do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a soudr\u017en\u00e9 politice poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout n\u00edzk\u00e9 m\u00edry funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti ve v\u00fd\u0161i 8 %. Rakousk\u00fd feder\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m klade d\u016fraz na odborn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. S m\u00edrou 23 % z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro Rakousko hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzvou integrace men\u0161in. Belgie m\u00e1 navzdory velk\u00fdm investic\u00edm do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed 21% m\u00edru negramotnosti a velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi vl\u00e1msk\u00fdmi a valonsk\u00fdmi regiony. Nizozemsk\u00e1 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politika (18 %) je flexibiln\u00ed a klade d\u016fraz na autonomii \u0161kol. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize ovlivnila vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m v \u0158ecku, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek vysokou m\u00edru 27 %. Kypr m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my se standardizac\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a spravedliv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00edra funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti na Kypru \u010din\u00ed 24 %. Irsko (m\u00edra 21 %) v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b investovalo do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f a digitalizace. Portugalsko (m\u00edra 24 %) dos\u00e1hlo v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku v oblasti kvality vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika (m\u00edra 21 %) se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s rozd\u00edly v kvalit\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mezi m\u011bsty a venkovem. V Chorvatsku (m\u00edra 18 %) prob\u00edh\u00e1 reforma \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ale p\u0159i jej\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ve venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech se objevuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my. <\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee v posledn\u00edch letech do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed, migrace ovliv\u0148uje vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m v Litv\u011b, kde m\u00edra funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti dosahuje 18 %. Loty\u0161sko (m\u00edra 18 %) uvedlo investice do \u0161kolsk\u00e9 infrastruktury a digitalizace. Na Slovensku (m\u00edra 24 %) byla zji\u0161t\u011bna pot\u0159eba reformy a spravedlnosti. Maltsk\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m je mal\u00fd, ale funguje dob\u0159e. V tomto mal\u00e9m ostrovn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b roste m\u00edra funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti, co\u017e je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ovlivn\u011bno ot\u00e1zkami kulturn\u00ed rozmanitosti. <\/p>\n
\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed a strategie pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd boj proti funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti mus\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 unie a \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ijmout integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm reformy u\u010debn\u00edch osnov, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ejde od strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed k rozvoji kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a aplikovan\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed strategi\u00ed boje proti negramotnosti mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f na pracovi\u0161ti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161kolen\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f v modern\u00edch a interaktivn\u00edch vyu\u010dovac\u00edch metod\u00e1ch. Dal\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eno na \u00farovni EU, je digitalizace vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm integrace technologi\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu s c\u00edlem zatraktivnit a zefektivnit v\u00fduku spolu s podporou znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fdch rodin poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm stipendi\u00ed, bezplatn\u00e9 stravy a dopravy s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edru p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho ukon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky. Nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s v\u00fdm\u011bnou osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f mezi zem\u011bmi EU prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm evropsk\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed spolu s programy rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zapojuj\u00ed rodi\u010de do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jejich d\u011bt\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edru funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnosti. <\/p>\n
Funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnost je komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9, vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti v Evropsk\u00e9 unii. Proto jsou nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9 reformy a trval\u00e9 investice do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropy znalost\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t p\u0159evzal odpov\u011bdnost a realizoval ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 politiky, kter\u00e9 zajist\u00ed nejen p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159i vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed aktivn\u00edch, kompetentn\u00edch a p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku, kdy je p\u0159\u00edstup ke znalostem snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00ed negramotnost v Evropsk\u00e9 unii pal\u010div\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f um\u00ed \u010d\u00edst a ps\u00e1t, zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z nich nedok\u00e1\u017ee porozum\u011bt informac\u00edm nebo je efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Kdybychom provedli rentgenov\u00fd sn\u00edmek procenta osob, kter\u00e9 um\u00ed \u010d\u00edst, ale nerozum\u011bj\u00ed, v jednotliv\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":37987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189,199],"tags":[2339,599,2338],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[328,339,344,356,364],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-43023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda-a-technika","category-zdravi","tag-education-system-in-eu","tag-european-union","tag-functional-illiteracy","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-northern-europe-cs","regions-southern-europe-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\n
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Evropsk\u00e1 strategie spole\u010dnosti Chery: Vyu\u017eit\u00ed alianc\u00ed k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edho prostoru<\/li><\/a>