{"id":43785,"date":"2025-07-09T10:28:55","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T10:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/nejnovejsi-irske-protiteroristicke-pravni-predpisy"},"modified":"2025-07-09T10:28:55","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T10:28:55","slug":"nejnovejsi-irske-protiteroristicke-pravni-predpisy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/nejnovejsi-irske-protiteroristicke-pravni-predpisy","title":{"rendered":"Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00e9 protiteroristick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy"},"content":{"rendered":"
V D\u00e1il Eireann se ned\u00e1vno projedn\u00e1val nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00fd legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh v oblasti boje proti terorismu (Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) Bill (Amendment) 2025). Samotn\u00e1 debata byla fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto ostrou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kdy zast\u00e1nci i odp\u016frci z\u00e1kona \u010dasto hovo\u0159ili, jako by se jednalo o dva zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy. <\/div>\n
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Za vl\u00e1du n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona p\u0159edlo\u017eil ministr spravedlnosti, vnitra a migrace Jim O’Callaghan. Zcela jasn\u011b nast\u00ednil, \u017ee deklarovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona je pos\u00edlit irsk\u00fd protiteroristick\u00fd r\u00e1mec jeho slad\u011bn\u00edm se sm\u011brnicemi EU a \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm modern\u00edch hrozeb, jako je kyberterorismus a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed teroristi\u010dt\u00ed bojovn\u00edci. <\/div>\n
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V pr\u016fb\u011bhu debaty na p\u016fd\u011b D\u00e1ilu se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pro mnoh\u00e9 z opozi\u010dn\u00edch lavic se v z\u00e1kon\u011b st\u00edraj\u00ed hranice mezi posilov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a omezov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch svobod, zejm\u00e9na svobody projevu.<\/div>\n
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Ministr O’Callaghan ozna\u010dil n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona za „v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, aby irsk\u00fd protiteroristick\u00fd r\u00e1mec byl robustn\u00ed a vyhovoval sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 modern\u00edm teroristick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m“. Samotn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis zav\u00e1d\u00ed nov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, v\u010detn\u011b cestov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem terorismu, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdcviku pro terorismus a napom\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9mu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nov\u011b tak\u00e9 definuje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed teroristick\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, v\u00fdslovn\u011b kriminalizuje oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zp\u016fsobit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody, klasifikuje jako teroristick\u00e9 \u010diny. <\/div>\n
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Tyto zm\u011bny vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z transpozice sm\u011brnice EU o boji proti terorismu z roku 2017 (2017\/541). Tuto sm\u011brnici lze u\u017eite\u010dn\u011b za\u0159adit do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategie EU pro boj proti terorismu, kter\u00e1 se sama v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyv\u00edjela od po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2000, kdy se zv\u00fd\u0161ily obavy ze zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f vracej\u00edc\u00edch se z konfliktn\u00edch oblast\u00ed, jako je S\u00fdrie, a tak\u00e9 ze st\u00e1le sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teroristick\u00e9 propagandy na internetu. <\/div>\n
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A\u010dkoli Irsko m\u011blo podle protokolu \u010d. 21 smluv o EU mo\u017enost opt-out, ji\u017e kr\u00e1tce po p\u0159ijet\u00ed sm\u011brnice vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br se k n\u00ed p\u0159ipojit.<\/div>\n
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Je v\u0161ak v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup EU k boji proti terorismu se neobe\u0161el bez vnit\u0159n\u00ed kritiky. Agentura Evropsk\u00e9 unie pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va (FRA) vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila obavy, \u017ee sm\u011brnice m\u016f\u017ee poru\u0161ovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, zejm\u00e9na svobodu projevu. <\/div>\n
V t\u00e9to souvislosti FRA v\u00fdslovn\u011b vyzvala \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby zajistily, \u017ee „budou zavedena praktick\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a vy\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm budou poskytnuty pokyny, aby \u010dinnost profesion\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou novin\u00e1\u0159i, v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci nebo humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed organizace, nevedla k jejich zapojen\u00ed do vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu“.<\/div>\n
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Sama Evropsk\u00e1 komise uznala, \u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat legislativn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br a zajistit nediskrimina\u010dn\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o krajn\u011b pravicov\u00fd extremismus. V\u00edce ne\u017e 20 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u010delilo \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f kv\u016fli ne\u00fapln\u00e9 implementaci sm\u011brnice, co\u017e podtrhuje jej\u00ed spornou povahu. N\u00e1m\u011bstkyn\u011b Catherine Connollyov\u00e1 tyto probl\u00e9my zd\u016fraznila a poznamenala, \u017ee sm\u011brnice „byla zavedena bez dodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch postup\u016f“ a je „velmi problematick\u00e1“, zejm\u00e9na pro sv\u00e9 v\u00e1gn\u00ed definice a potenci\u00e1l kriminalizovat legitimn\u00ed protesty. <\/div>\n
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O’Callaghan zd\u016fraznil \u00falohu n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed zapojen\u00ed Irska do roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch protiteroristick\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed EU, jako je modernizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f Eurojust, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. „To v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku povede k tomu, \u017ee bude zabr\u00e1n\u011bno v\u00edce teroristick\u00fdm \u010din\u016fm a v\u00edce terorist\u016f bude postaveno p\u0159ed soud,“ ujistil. <\/div>\n
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Zast\u00e1nci vl\u00e1dy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad poslanec Joe Neville, tvrdili, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona je pragmatickou reakc\u00ed na m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se sv\u011bt. Vyzdvihl zejm\u00e9na jeho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na „ochranu mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na ran\u00e1 stadia radikalizace, umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed proaktivn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed policejn\u00edch slo\u017eek, boj proti kyberterorismu a pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed extremistick\u00e9 propagandy“. <\/div>\n
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Odm\u00edtl tak\u00e9 obavy opozice a tvrdil, \u017ee c\u00edlem z\u00e1kona nen\u00ed „vyv\u00e9st z hospod lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b“, ale „u\u010dinit na\u0161i zemi a ulice bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi“. Podle Nevilla jsou ustanoven\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad pova\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1boru nezletil\u00fdch za p\u0159it\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed okolnost a kriminalizace oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu online, nezbytn\u00e1 pro boj proti hrozb\u00e1m 21. stolet\u00ed, jako je kyberterorismus a online radikalizace. <\/div>\n
Nejsporn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ustanoven\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00a7 3, kter\u00fd nov\u011b definuje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed ke sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed teroristick\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu tak, \u017ee zahrnuje „oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b chv\u00e1ly nebo oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed) teroristick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti“, pokud existuje „d\u016fvodn\u00e1 obava“, \u017ee by takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mohlo v\u00e9st k terorismu.<\/div>\n
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Kritici b\u011bhem rozpravy, v\u010detn\u011b opozi\u010dn\u00edho poslance Matta Carthyho, nazvali tuto klauzuli „Kneecap clause“ a uvedli paralelu s trestn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm Mo Chara z irsk\u00e9 rapov\u00e9 skupiny Kneecap ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed za vyv\u011b\u0161en\u00ed vlajky Hizball\u00e1hu b\u011bhem vystoupen\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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Carthy varoval, \u017ee \u0161irok\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed „by mohlo v\u00e9st k obvin\u011bn\u00edm z politick\u00e9ho aktivismu a legitimn\u00ed svobody projevu“, a uvedl p\u0159\u00edklady z historie, kdy by uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky osobnost\u00ed jako Bobby Sands nebo Nelson Mandela mohlo b\u00fdt vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no jako oslava terorismu. „Je t\u0159eba si polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d bychom cht\u011bli takov\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed zahrnout do z\u00e1kona tohoto st\u00e1tu, kdy\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee by takov\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed mohlo b\u00fdt zneu\u017eito a zneu\u017eito,“ argumentoval. <\/div>\n
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Poslanec Paul Murphy za\u0161el ve sv\u00e9 kritice snad nejd\u00e1le, kdy\u017e n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona ozna\u010dil za „velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd \u00fatok na svobodu projevu a pr\u00e1vo lid\u00ed protestovat“. Murphy varoval, \u017ee solidarita se skupinami, jako je Palestinsk\u00e1 akce, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010del\u00ed z\u00e1kazu \u010dinnosti, by mohla b\u00fdt kriminalizov\u00e1na. „\u017dijeme v p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kde jsou ti, kdo se sna\u017e\u00ed zastavit genocidu, st\u00edh\u00e1ni za terorismus,“ prohl\u00e1sil Murphy a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nam\u00ed\u0159en proti aktivist\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se stav\u00ed proti st\u00e1tn\u00edm akc\u00edm, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad izraelsk\u00e9 operace v Gaze. <\/div>\n
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Ministr O’Callaghan zase d\u016frazn\u011b h\u00e1jil n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, zejm\u00e9na jeho \u00a7 3, a tvrdil, \u017ee je \u00fazce zam\u011b\u0159en pouze na osoby, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jasn\u00fd \u00famysl podn\u011bcovat terorismus. „N\u011bkdo se ani nedostane do parametr\u016f tohoto trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, pokud to, co d\u011bl\u00e1, ned\u011bl\u00e1 s \u00famyslem podn\u011bcovat osobu k p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed teroristick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti,“ trval na sv\u00e9m. <\/div>\n
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Irskou legislativu dal do kontrastu s britsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o terorismu z roku 2000, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed za pouh\u00e9 vzbuzen\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed z podpory zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 organizace. O’Callaghan se v\u00fdslovn\u011b zab\u00fdval p\u0159\u00edpadem skupiny Kneecap a prohl\u00e1sil: „To, za co je skupina Kneecap st\u00edh\u00e1na ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, by se u n\u00e1s nestalo,“ proto\u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed skupiny postr\u00e1dalo \u00famysl podn\u011bcovat terorismus. <\/div>\n
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Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee se debata dotkla i \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek d\u016fv\u011bry v bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed operace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e poslanec Alan Kelly z Labouristick\u00e9 strany p\u0159ipomn\u011bl p\u0159\u00edpad Evana Fitzgeralda, mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd si vzal \u017eivot po operaci policie, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e byly kontrolovan\u011b dod\u00e1ny vy\u0159azen\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/div>\n
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Kelly zpochybnil nezbytnost operace a tvrdil, \u017ee u soudu byly pod\u00e1ny zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fkazy, co\u017e podkopalo d\u016fv\u011bru v soud. „Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 legitimn\u00ed okolnosti, kdy je soudn\u00ed moc z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1na v nev\u011bdomosti zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmi d\u016fkazy,“ prohl\u00e1sil a vyzval k \u00fapln\u00e9mu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad zv\u00fd\u0161il obavy z mo\u017en\u00e9ho zneu\u017eit\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed podle nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. <\/div>\n
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Nakonec lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o trestn\u00ed justici (teroristick\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny) (novela) z roku 2025 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed snahu Irska orientovat se ve slo\u017eit\u00e9m glob\u00e1ln\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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Jej\u00ed zast\u00e1nci ji pova\u017euj\u00ed za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj v boji proti vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se hrozb\u00e1m, od kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f po zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edky, a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed tak, aby Irsko z\u016fstalo odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm partnerem v boji proti terorismu v EU. Obavy opozice v\u0161ak nejsou neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9. Neur\u010dit\u00e1 formulace „glorifikace“ a subjektivn\u00ed povaha „z\u00e1m\u011bru“ vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 obavy z p\u0159esahu, zejm\u00e9na v evropsk\u00e9m kontextu, kde jsou pr\u00e1va na protest st\u00e1le v\u00edce pod tlakem. Jak upozornila poslankyn\u011b Mair\u00e9ad Farrellov\u00e1: „V\u017edy se mus\u00edm ob\u00e1vat toho, co by mohly ud\u011blat budouc\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.“ <\/div>\n
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Pro konzervativce p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona klasick\u00e9 dilema: povinnost st\u00e1tu chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany versus pr\u00e1vo jednotlivce na svobodu projevu. P\u0159esto\u017ee ministrovo uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o z\u00e1m\u011bru poskytuje ur\u010ditou \u00fat\u011bchu, st\u00edn p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, jako je Kneecap, a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed trend kriminalizace disentu v EU vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ostra\u017eitost. Irsko mus\u00ed zajistit, aby se jeho protiteroristick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony nestaly tup\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem k uml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed legitimn\u00edch hlas\u016f, aby se nestaly zrcadlem autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, proti n\u011bmu\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed bojovat. <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V D\u00e1il Eireann se ned\u00e1vno projedn\u00e1val nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00fd legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh v oblasti boje proti terorismu (Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) Bill (Amendment) 2025). Samotn\u00e1 debata byla fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto ostrou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kdy zast\u00e1nci i odp\u016frci z\u00e1kona \u010dasto hovo\u0159ili, jako by se jednalo o dva zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy. Za vl\u00e1du n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona p\u0159edlo\u017eil ministr spravedlnosti, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":43772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[258],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-43785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pravni","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nNejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00e9 protiteroristick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/nejnovejsi-irske-protiteroristicke-pravni-predpisy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00e9 protiteroristick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V D\u00e1il Eireann se ned\u00e1vno projedn\u00e1val nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed irsk\u00fd legislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh v oblasti boje proti terorismu (Criminal Justice (Terrorist Offences) Bill (Amendment) 2025). 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