{"id":43811,"date":"2025-07-10T07:01:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T07:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/navrh-zakona-o-okupovanych-uzemich-irska-nebezpecny-moralni-hazard"},"modified":"2025-07-10T07:01:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T07:01:07","slug":"navrh-zakona-o-okupovanych-uzemich-irska-nebezpecny-moralni-hazard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/navrh-zakona-o-okupovanych-uzemich-irska-nebezpecny-moralni-hazard","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch Irska. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd mor\u00e1ln\u00ed hazard?"},"content":{"rendered":"
N\u00e1vrh irsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zak\u00e1zat obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s izraelsk\u00fdmi osadami na okupovan\u00fdch palestinsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, vyvolal v\u00e1\u0161nivou debatu na dom\u00e1c\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/div>\n
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Zat\u00edmco zast\u00e1nci n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jde o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj proti izraelsk\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu a ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, jeho po\u010detn\u00ed kritici jej pova\u017euj\u00ed za pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 gesto, kter\u00e9 hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi a diplomatick\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky, zejm\u00e9na ve vztahu ke Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/div>\n
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Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona se zam\u011b\u0159uje pouze na Izrael, co\u017e podporuje vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed Irska jako n\u00e1roda, kter\u00fd sm\u011b\u0159uje k funk\u010dn\u00edmu antisemitismu, podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho celosv\u011btov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed a ignoruje slo\u017eitost izraelsko-palestinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu.<\/div>\n
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N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o kontrole ekonomick\u00fdch aktivit (okupovan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed), kter\u00fd v roce 2018 poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017eila nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 sen\u00e1torka Frances Blackov\u00e1, se sna\u017e\u00ed zak\u00e1zat obchod s izraelsk\u00fdmi osadami, kter\u00e9 jsou podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona navrhoval pokuty a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 250 000 eur a tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na p\u011bt let za poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f, co\u017e je pro zemi s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodem (odhaduje se, \u017ee p\u0159i t\u011bchto vyrovn\u00e1n\u00edch se jedn\u00e1 o 500 000 a\u017e 1,5 milionu eur ro\u010dn\u011b) drakonick\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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V roce 2025 navrhla vl\u00e1da, nyn\u00ed veden\u00e1 Fianna F\u00e1il a Fine Gael a nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi, revidovanou verzi. Vznikl n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o izraelsk\u00fdch osad\u00e1ch (z\u00e1kaz dovozu zbo\u017e\u00ed) 2025, kter\u00fd vylu\u010duje slu\u017eby a zam\u011b\u0159uje se pouze na zbo\u017e\u00ed. To vedlo hlasit\u00e9 kritiky, jako je Donnchadh \u00d3 Laoghaire ze Sinn F\u00e9in, k ozna\u010den\u00ed „rozm\u011bl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed“ verze p\u016fvodn\u00edho z\u00e1m\u011bru. <\/div>\n
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V rozprav\u011b v D\u00e1ilu 5. \u00fanora 2025 \u00d3 Laoghaire prohl\u00e1sil: „Irsko m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost st\u00e1t v \u010dele mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch a m\u011blo by tak u\u010dinit okam\u017eit\u011b, bez prodlen\u00ed.“<\/div>\n
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Tato nal\u00e9havost v\u0161ak p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed omezen\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd dopad n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona. Jak 27. kv\u011btna 2025 poznamenal T\u00e1naiste Simon Harris, „je to symbolick\u00fd krok“, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uznal, \u017ee obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna Irska s t\u011bmito osadami je zanedbateln\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jeho v\u00fdvozem do Izraele ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1,2 miliardy eur v roce 2018 nebo s jeho obchodn\u00edm deficitem ve v\u00fd\u0161i 4 miliard eur v roce 2024. <\/div>\n
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Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee hlasit\u00ed zast\u00e1nci n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona cht\u011bj\u00ed up\u0159ednostnit mor\u00e1ln\u00ed postoje p\u0159ed praktick\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky a ignoruj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 dopady.<\/div>\n
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To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vztahy Irska se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem irsk\u00e9 prosperity, nebo\u0165 americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Apple, Google a Pfizer zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v irsk\u00e9 ekonomice tis\u00edce pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/div>\n
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\u0158\u00edci, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch hroz\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00edm v t\u011bchto vztaz\u00edch, je pon\u011bkud slab\u00e9 slovo, zejm\u00e9na za sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 administrativy veden\u00e9 prezidentem Donaldem Trumpem, kter\u00fd zauj\u00edm\u00e1 siln\u011b proizraelsk\u00fd postoj.<\/div>\n
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Na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed takov\u00e9ho „symbolick\u00e9ho“ legislativn\u00edho gesta upozornil v \u010dervenci 2025 p\u0159edseda sen\u00e1tn\u00edho v\u00fdboru pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vztahy Jim Risch, kdy\u017e na platform\u011b X varoval, \u017ee „pokud bude tento z\u00e1kon realizov\u00e1n, Amerika bude muset v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit sv\u00e9 hlubok\u00e9 a trval\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 vazby. V\u017edy se postav\u00edme zjevn\u00e9mu antisemitismu.“ To zopakoval i nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed velvyslanec USA v Irsku Edward Walsh, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraznil: „Prezident Trump se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il jasn\u011b, \u017ee Irsko je jeho spojencem a \u017ee pro antisemitismus nen\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b m\u00edsto.“ <\/div>\n
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Obavy USA nejsou abstraktn\u00ed. Mnoho americk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159ijalo z\u00e1kony proti bojkotu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na hnut\u00ed Bojkot, divestice a sankce (BDS), s n\u00edm\u017e je n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za souladn\u00fd. <\/div>\n
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Taoiseach Miche\u00e1l Martin toto riziko 4. \u010dervence 2025 p\u0159ipustil a prohl\u00e1sil: „Mus\u00edme vz\u00edt v \u00favahu p\u0159\u00edtomnost americk\u00e9 legislativy, legislativy o bojkotu a divestici, kterou ji\u017e schv\u00e1lilo mnoho st\u00e1t\u016f v Americe a kter\u00e1 by postihovala jakoukoli spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 se z americk\u00e9ho pohledu pod\u00edl\u00ed na bojkotu.“ Tyto z\u00e1kony by mohly postihovat americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v Irsku, pokud by se z\u00e1konem \u0159\u00eddily, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k omezen\u00ed investic nebo k soudn\u00edm spor\u016fm. <\/div>\n
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Obavy vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila tak\u00e9 Americk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed komora v Irsku, kter\u00e1 zastupuje firmy s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm vlivem. P\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s ministrem pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed Peterem Burkem komora upozornila na riziko, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje atraktivitu Irska jako centra p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee americk\u00e1 cla na irsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed maj\u00ed b\u00fdt obnovena v \u010dervenci 2025, na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hor\u0161\u00ed a hroz\u00ed, \u017ee v kritick\u00e9 chv\u00edli vyost\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. <\/div>\n
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Krom\u011b ekonomick\u00fdch aspekt\u016f n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona posiluje znepokojiv\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed Irska jako funk\u010dn\u011b antisemitsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, co\u017e je obvin\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskalo na s\u00edle v proizraelsk\u00fdch kruz\u00edch. Izraelsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Gideon Sa’ar obvinil Irsko z „podpory antisemitismu“ na z\u00e1klad\u011b „delegitimizace a dehumanizace Izraele“. <\/div>\n
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B\u00fdval\u00e1 izraelsk\u00e1 velvyslankyn\u011b v Irsku Dana Erlichov\u00e1 ozna\u010dila n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona za „diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed pokus nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd proti Izraeli“ a tento n\u00e1zor sd\u00edlej\u00ed i vlivn\u00e9 hlasy v USA. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd bostonsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk Robert Popeo v kritice z roku 2019 ozna\u010dil n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona za „nejnehor\u00e1zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nehor\u00e1zn\u00fd projev antisemitismu, jak\u00fd jsem za posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik let vid\u011bl“. <\/div>\n
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A\u010dkoli zast\u00e1nci z\u00e1kona, jako je sen\u00e1tor Black, trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee jde o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a \u017ee nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en konkr\u00e9tn\u011b proti Izraeli, jeho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na izraelsk\u00e9 osady, zat\u00edmco ignoruje jin\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed okupace, jako je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 v Tibetu nebo tureck\u00e1 na Kypru, nevyhnuteln\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b selektivn\u00edho rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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Jak v roce 2019 uvedl jeden z poslanc\u016f D\u00e1ilu: „Pokud na\u0161i z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci mysl\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho bojkotu k dosa\u017een\u00ed politick\u00e9ho c\u00edle, m\u011bli by debatu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it a zahrnout do n\u00ed v\u0161echna tato okupovan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed.“<\/div>\n
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Toto vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Izraele spolu s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmi kroky Irska, jako je uzn\u00e1n\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se k \u017ealob\u011b Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky proti Izraeli u Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho soudn\u00edho dvora, vedlo kritiky k tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee politika zem\u011b se nebezpe\u010dn\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed antisemitismu, a to bez ohledu na jej\u00ed \u00famysl.<\/div>\n
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B\u00fdval\u00fd irsk\u00fd velvyslanec v USA Daniel Mulhall se proti tomuto tvrzen\u00ed ohradil: „Nevid\u00edm to jako projev antisemitismu. Jeho ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m soucitu s t\u011b\u017ekou situac\u00ed Palestinc\u016f.“ Tento soucit, formovan\u00fd vlastn\u00ed irskou histori\u00ed britsk\u00e9ho kolonialismu, v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje riziko p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9ho zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho konfliktu. Mezistranick\u00e1 jednota D\u00e1ilu v ot\u00e1zce Palestiny \u010dasto zaml\u010duje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obavy Izraele, v\u010detn\u011b raketov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f Ham\u00e1su a vlivu \u00cdr\u00e1nu v regionu. <\/div>\n
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T\u00edm, \u017ee je Izrael vykreslov\u00e1n pouze jako utla\u010dovatel, se v irsk\u00e9m politick\u00e9m diskurzu opom\u00edjej\u00ed existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozby, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed, a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 se tak k narativu, kter\u00fd zast\u00e1nci Izraele pova\u017euj\u00ed za nespravedliv\u011b jednostrann\u00fd.<\/div>\n
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Z „proizraelsk\u00e9ho hlediska“ n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch ignoruje realitu n\u00e1roda obklopen\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi akt\u00e9ry. Izraelsk\u00e9 osady jsou sice kontroverzn\u00ed, ale Izraelci je \u010dasto pova\u017euj\u00ed za n\u00e1razn\u00edk proti \u00fatok\u016fm skupin, jako je Ham\u00e1s, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsahal, \u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t zni\u010d\u00ed. Zast\u00e1nci n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona z\u0159\u00eddkakdy uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sta\u017een\u00ed z Gazy v roce 2005, kdy Izrael st\u00e1hl osady, jen aby \u010delil zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 palb\u011b, nebo nab\u00eddku z Camp Davidu z roku 2000, kdy palestinsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed odm\u00edtlo dvoust\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. T\u00edm, \u017ee se n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona zam\u011b\u0159uje pouze na kroky Izraele, opom\u00edj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext konfliktu, v n\u011bm\u017e se ob\u011b strany dopustily chybn\u00fdch krok\u016f. <\/div>\n
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Nap\u011bt\u00ed nav\u00edc zvy\u0161uje i to, \u017ee se n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 k hnut\u00ed BDS, kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed Izraelci a jejich p\u0159\u00edznivci pova\u017euj\u00ed za hnut\u00ed usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o delegitimizaci existence Izraele. V rozprav\u011b v D\u00e1ilu v kv\u011btnu 2025 si jeden z poslanc\u016f posteskl: „O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee nyn\u00ed budeme vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed za to, \u017ee sedm let po p\u016fvodn\u00edm p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch je polovi\u010dn\u00ed. Je to hanebn\u00e1 ostuda.“ Tato kritika, a\u010dkoli m\u00ed\u0159ila na roz\u0159ed\u011bnou vl\u00e1dn\u00ed verzi, podtrhuje symbolick\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br z\u00e1kona signalizovat mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenost Irska, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e se zab\u00fdvat nuancemi konfliktu. <\/div>\n
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Zast\u00e1nci n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by mohl inspirovat dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, a jako precedens uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed z\u00e1kaz jihoafrick\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd v roce 1987 vydalo Irsko. Na rozd\u00edl od apartheidn\u00ed Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky je v\u0161ak Izrael demokraci\u00ed se slo\u017eit\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. <\/div>\n
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Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e nebere v \u00favahu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, kter\u00fdm by Irsko mohlo \u010delit dnes, vzhledem k jeho z\u00e1vislosti na investic\u00edch z USA.<\/div>\n
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Lze tedy \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh irsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch je sice zahalen do rou\u0161ky mor\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti, ale je nejen zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, ale zjevn\u011b si tak\u00e9 neuv\u011bdomuje, jakou hrozbu p\u0159edstavuje pro jeho ekonomick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s USA.<\/div>\n
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Irsk\u00fd t\u00e1naiste Simon Harris sice vyzval k „realistick\u00e9mu posouzen\u00ed“ dopad\u016f z\u00e1kona, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9 jeho slovo a \u010din od chv\u00edle, kdy tato slova pronesl, slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k tomu, aby zajistil, \u017ee Irsko za\u017eene do velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho kouta.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1vrh irsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zak\u00e1zat obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s izraelsk\u00fdmi osadami na okupovan\u00fdch palestinsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, vyvolal v\u00e1\u0161nivou debatu na dom\u00e1c\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Zat\u00edmco zast\u00e1nci n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jde o mor\u00e1ln\u00ed postoj proti izraelsk\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu a ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, jeho po\u010detn\u00ed kritici jej pova\u017euj\u00ed za pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 gesto, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":26723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-43811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politika","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nN\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch Irska. 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