{"id":51190,"date":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/islandska-tradice-svobody"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","slug":"islandska-tradice-svobody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/islandska-tradice-svobody","title":{"rendered":"Islandsk\u00e1 tradice svobody"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Praxe p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed teorii a Islan\u010fan\u00e9 praktikovali svobodu dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e o n\u00ed za\u010dali ps\u00e1t. Island byl os\u00eddlen v letech 874 a\u017e 930 Nory, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed odm\u00edtli p\u0159ijmout vl\u00e1du prvn\u00edho norsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Harolda Fairhaira, kter\u00fd zbavil sv\u00e9 poddan\u00e9 jejich star\u00fdch svobod a prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0161kerou p\u016fdu za sv\u016fj majetek. V roce 930 zalo\u017eili Islan\u010fan\u00e9 Spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu nevl\u00e1dl kr\u00e1l, ale lidov\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, Althing, kter\u00e9 se ka\u017ed\u00e9 l\u00e9to po dva t\u00fddny sch\u00e1zelo v Thingvelliru (na obr\u00e1zku W. G. Collingwooda v\u00fd\u0161e), aby \u0159e\u0161ilo pr\u00e1vn\u00ed spory a revidovalo z\u00e1kony. Jedin\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkem <a href=\"http:\/\/www.daviddfriedman.com\/Academic\/Iceland\/Iceland.html\">spole\u010denstv\u00ed<\/a> byl z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce, kter\u00fd m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd rok po dobu t\u0159\u00ed let od\u0159\u00edkat jednu t\u0159etinu z\u00e1kona. Zem\u011b byla rozd\u011blena na 39 n\u00e1\u010delnick\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako soukrom\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 org\u00e1ny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blec si mohl vybrat mezi n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edky ve sv\u00e9m regionu.     <\/p>\n<h3>Kr\u00e1lovi p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, ne poddan\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve 20. letech 11. stolet\u00ed napsal kn\u011bz Ari U\u010den\u00fd Thorgilsson kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny Islandu, v nich\u017e popsal konflikt mezi pohany a k\u0159es\u0165any na Althingu v l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1000. Rozhod\u010d\u00edm byl jmenov\u00e1n z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce Thorgeir z Brightlake. A\u010dkoli byl pohan, rozhodl, \u017ee od t\u00e9 doby budou Islan\u010fan\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9. Ve sv\u00e9m projevu na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee Island je mezi seversk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi v\u00fdjimkou, nebo\u0165 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kr\u00e1l zde neplat\u00ed dan\u011b sv\u00fdm poddan\u00fdm a nevede v\u00e1lky s jin\u00fdmi kr\u00e1li. Stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma se objevilo i ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b kronik\u00e1\u0159e Snorriho Sturlusona o zased\u00e1n\u00ed Althingu v roce 1024. Vyslanec norsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Olava Tlust\u00e9ho se sna\u017eil p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Islan\u010fany, aby se stali kr\u00e1lov\u00fdmi poddan\u00fdmi. Sedl\u00e1k Einar z Thv\u00e9ry ve sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di \u0159ekl, \u017ee kr\u00e1l Olav Tlust\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e1 dobr\u00fd kr\u00e1l, ale \u017ee kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 dopadaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b; n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou dob\u0159\u00ed a jin\u00ed \u0161patn\u00ed, tak\u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1le nem\u00edt. Islan\u010fan\u00e9 by m\u011bli b\u00fdt kr\u00e1lov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli, ne jeho poddan\u00fdmi.       <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/david-oddsson-in-memoriam'>Dav\u00edd Oddsson: In Memoriam<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/akta-epstein-andrew-a-island-skutecny-pribeh'>Akta Epstein, Andrew a Island: Skute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/argumenty-pro-a-proti-clenstvi-islandu-v-eu'>Argumenty pro a proti \u010dlenstv\u00ed Islandu v EU<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3>V\u00fdzvy k nez\u00e1vislosti<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Snorri Sturluson, kter\u00fd tuto zpr\u00e1vu napsal ve 20. letech 12. stolet\u00ed, nepochybn\u011b sd\u00edlel sv\u016fj osobn\u00ed pohled. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se norsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Haakon Star\u00fd sna\u017eil, stejn\u011b jako jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce o dv\u011b stolet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Islan\u010fany, aby se stali jeho poddan\u00fdmi. Ve Snorriho d\u00edle byly jasn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny dv\u011b starogerm\u00e1nsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sady: vl\u00e1da na z\u00e1klad\u011b souhlasu a pr\u00e1vo na vzpouru. To se pochopiteln\u011b nel\u00edbilo kr\u00e1li Haakonovi, kter\u00fd nechal Snorriho v roce 1241 zab\u00edt. Islan\u010fan\u00e9 nakonec v roce 1262 podlehli kombinaci slib\u016f a hrozeb kr\u00e1le Haakona a p\u0159istoupili na dohodu, podle n\u00ed\u017e se stali kr\u00e1lov\u00fdmi poddan\u00fdmi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zachov\u00e1vali sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Island byl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161est stolet\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fd na norsk\u00e9m a pozd\u011bji d\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1li. V roce 1848 v\u0161ak historik Jon Sigurdsson vyzval k nez\u00e1vislosti Islandu. Byl ovlivn\u011bn britsk\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkami svobody, kter\u00e9 formulovali John Locke a Adam Smith, a tak\u00e9 islandsk\u00fdmi s\u00e1gami, b\u00e1sn\u011bmi a kronikami.       <\/p>\n<h3>T\u0159i obh\u00e1jci svobody podle z\u00e1kona<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pot\u00e9, co Islan\u010fan\u00e9 z\u00edskali v roce 1874 plnou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou svobodu d\u00edky \u00fastav\u011b, za\u010dala ekonomika r\u016fst a rybolov nahradil zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed zem\u011b. Dv\u011bma nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi obh\u00e1jci hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 svobody ve dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed byli Jon Thorlaksson a Olafur Bjornsson. Vystudovan\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr Jon se stal politikem a v\u016fdcem konzervativn\u011b-liber\u00e1ln\u00ed Strany nez\u00e1vislosti, kter\u00e1 byla zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed islandskou politickou stranou. Byl ovlivn\u011bn \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm liber\u00e1lem Gustavem Casselem, ale \u010dasto se tak\u00e9 odvol\u00e1val na starobylou islandskou tradici svobody. Olafur byl profesorem ekonomie na Islandsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a tak\u00e9 poslancem parlamentu za Stranu nez\u00e1vislosti. V ml\u00e1d\u00ed byl socialistou, ale po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed d\u011bl Ludwiga von Misese a Friedricha A. von Hayeka zm\u011bnil sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Profesor pr\u00e1v Sigurdur Lindal rovn\u011b\u017e rozs\u00e1hle psal o Islandsk\u00e9m spole\u010denstv\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f a politick\u00fdch my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch Snorriho Sturlusona, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148oval islandskou tradici svobody. Tato tradice je tak\u00e9 zt\u011blesn\u011bna v n\u011bkter\u00fdch instituc\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v udr\u017eiteln\u00e9m a v\u00fdnosn\u00e9m<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.br\/books\/about\/The_Icelandic_Fisheries.html?id=j-p8CwAAQBAJ\"> syst\u00e9mu<\/a> individu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159evoditeln\u00fdch kv\u00f3t v rybolovu.       <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Praxe p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed teorii a Islan\u010fan\u00e9 praktikovali svobodu dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e o n\u00ed za\u010dali ps\u00e1t. Island byl os\u00eddlen v letech 874 a\u017e 930 Nory, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed odm\u00edtli p\u0159ijmout vl\u00e1du prvn\u00edho norsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Harolda Fairhaira, kter\u00fd zbavil sv\u00e9 poddan\u00e9 jejich star\u00fdch svobod a prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0161kerou p\u016fdu za sv\u016fj majetek. V roce 930 zalo\u017eili Islan\u010fan\u00e9 Spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":51087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[540,72,919,1080,2987],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[344],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-51190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-cs","tag-fisheries","tag-iceland","tag-law","tag-liberty","tag-sagas","regions-northern-europe-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Islandsk\u00e1 tradice svobody - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/islandska-tradice-svobody\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Islandsk\u00e1 tradice svobody - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Praxe p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed teorii a Islan\u010fan\u00e9 praktikovali svobodu dlouho p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e o n\u00ed za\u010dali ps\u00e1t. Island byl os\u00eddlen v letech 874 a\u017e 930 Nory, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed odm\u00edtli p\u0159ijmout vl\u00e1du prvn\u00edho norsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Harolda Fairhaira, kter\u00fd zbavil sv\u00e9 poddan\u00e9 jejich star\u00fdch svobod a prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0161kerou p\u016fdu za sv\u016fj majetek. 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Island byl os\u00eddlen v letech 874 a\u017e 930 Nory, z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed odm\u00edtli p\u0159ijmout vl\u00e1du prvn\u00edho norsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Harolda Fairhaira, kter\u00fd zbavil sv\u00e9 poddan\u00e9 jejich star\u00fdch svobod a prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0161kerou p\u016fdu za sv\u016fj majetek. 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