{"id":51445,"date":"2026-02-28T13:20:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T13:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/mrzaceni-zenskych-pohlavnich-organu-prehled-soudnich-rizeni-v-irsku-a-iniciativy-ecr"},"modified":"2026-02-28T13:20:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T13:20:36","slug":"mrzaceni-zenskych-pohlavnich-organu-prehled-soudnich-rizeni-v-irsku-a-iniciativy-ecr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mrzaceni-zenskych-pohlavnich-organu-prehled-soudnich-rizeni-v-irsku-a-iniciativy-ecr","title":{"rendered":"Mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. P\u0159ehled soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Irsku a iniciativy ECR"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V lednu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku se v Irsku obr\u00e1til na soud p\u00e1r, kter\u00fd se dom\u00e1hal toho, aby jejich p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed za mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f bylo prohl\u00e1\u0161eno za justi\u010dn\u00ed omyl. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nezn\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh evropsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, ale je tomu tak, proto\u017ee zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm byl tento p\u0159\u00edpad \u0159e\u0161en – a jak se rozuzlil – odhaluje probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed daleko za hranice jedn\u00e9 dublinsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b. <\/p>\n

Pozad\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2016 p\u0159ivezli dva rodi\u010de p\u016fvodem z francouzsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Afriky svou 21m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed dceru do dublinsk\u00e9 nemocnice, proto\u017ee krv\u00e1cela z genit\u00e1li\u00ed. \u0158ekli, \u017ee spadla na hra\u010dku, kdy\u017e nem\u011bla na sob\u011b plenu. L\u00e9ka\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed ji vy\u0161et\u0159ovali, toto vysv\u011btlen\u00ed nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dilo a pojali podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee do\u0161lo k mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. <\/p>\n

B\u011bhem soudn\u00edho procesu, kter\u00fd se konal v lednu 2020, co\u017e samo o sob\u011b vyvolalo ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b pr\u00e1va na rychl\u00fd proces, popsali znalci zran\u011bn\u00ed jako odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed tomu, co je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako FGM typu 1 – odstran\u011bn\u00ed hlavi\u010dky klitorisu a \u017ealudu – a uvedli, \u017ee neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00fd uvedli rodi\u010de. Porota vynesla rozsudek v obou bodech ob\u017ealoby. Otec byl odsouzen na p\u011bt a p\u016fl roku za mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a na t\u0159i roky za t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte a matka na \u010dty\u0159i roky a dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f za mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a na dva roky a dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f za t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Na jeden kr\u00e1tk\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd okam\u017eik se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee Irsko po dlouh\u00fdch letech vol\u00e1n\u00ed aktivist\u016f po tom, aby se ud\u011blalo v\u00edce, kone\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hlo prvn\u00edho odsouzen\u00ed za mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f podle z\u00e1kona o trestn\u00ed justici (mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f) z roku 2012, za kter\u00fd hroz\u00ed a\u017e 14 let.<\/p>\n

A pak, podobn\u011b jako sen mlad\u00e9 venkovsk\u00e9 d\u00edvky st\u00e1t se jednou here\u010dkou, se za\u010dal rychle rozpadat.<\/p>\n

V listopadu 2021 odvolac\u00ed soud rozsudky zru\u0161il pot\u00e9, co zjistil, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed proces byl nespravedliv\u00fd kv\u016fli z\u00e1sadn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm s p\u0159ekladem v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U\u017e to by m\u011blo b\u00fdt d\u016fvodem k zamy\u0161len\u00ed. Pokud by p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v irsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed s\u00edni byly tak \u0161patn\u00e9, \u017ee by odsouzen\u00ed za z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din nemohlo obst\u00e1t, je t\u0159eba si polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku, jak \u010dasto se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159itahuj\u00ed takovou pozornost. <\/p>\n

Opakovan\u00fd proces v roce 2023 skon\u010dil rozsudkem poroty. DPP pak v roce 2024 uzav\u0159ela dohodu o zastaven\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e fakticky znamen\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1t od p\u0159\u00edpadu upustil, proto\u017ee nem\u011bl dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f k odsouzen\u00ed. Z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska to nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, jako kdybychom \u0159ekli, \u017ee man\u017eel\u00e9 byli nevinn\u00ed, ale je to pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd odstup od stavu v roce 2020. <\/p>\n

Man\u017eel\u00e9 podali \u017e\u00e1dost o osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o justi\u010dn\u00edm omylu, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala v roce 2025 a v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00fdch a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Profesorka Birgitta Ess\u00e9nov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 let zab\u00fdv\u00e1 problematikou mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, d\u00edt\u011b fyzicky vy\u0161et\u0159ila v roce 2023. Ess\u00e9nov\u00e1 zjistila, \u017ee genit\u00e1lie jsou neporu\u0161en\u00e9. Viditeln\u00fd klitoris pod p\u0159edko\u017ekou, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jizvy, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky po \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed. Anatomii klasifikovala jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a uvedla, \u017ee je neslu\u010diteln\u00e1 s FGM typu 1 nebo 2, kter\u00e9 obvykle zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed trval\u00e9 jizvy. Tk\u00e1\u0148 byla m\u011bkk\u00e1 a pru\u017en\u00e1, co\u017e by \u010dlov\u011bk v oblasti, kter\u00e1 byla zohavena, ne\u010dekal. <\/p>\n

Ani to nebyl osamocen\u00fd n\u00e1zor. Profesorka Cecilia Bergerov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 byla znalkyn\u00ed ob\u017ealoby, rovn\u011b\u017e dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee jej\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry nepotvrzuj\u00ed FGM. A video vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte z roku 2019, kter\u00e9 nebylo b\u011bhem p\u016fvodn\u00edho procesu zve\u0159ejn\u011bno, potvrdilo stejn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br. Ess\u00e9n se domn\u00edval, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed mohlo b\u00fdt klidn\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm \u00farazem, kter\u00fd rodi\u010de celou dobu popisovali. <\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed tu tedy m\u00e1me p\u00e1r odsouzen\u00fd za zmrza\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fd, odd\u011blen\u00fd od rodiny, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho sv\u011bdectv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u00ed znalci, v\u010detn\u011b jednoho z ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch, pop\u0159eli. A videod\u016fkaz, kter\u00fd nebyl porot\u011b uk\u00e1z\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

Na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b bylo mrza\u010den\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f posti\u017eeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 milion\u016f \u017een a d\u00edvek, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jen v EU j\u00edm pro\u0161lo nebo je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ohro\u017een\u00e9 asi p\u016fl milionu \u017een. V Irsku je to podle \u00fadaj\u016f AkiDwA z roku 2017 5 790 osob. V Belgii bylo podle \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se objevily na sly\u0161en\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu v roce 2019, ohro\u017eeno 4 000 d\u00edvek. K mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU u d\u011bt\u00ed vyr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch v evropsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. <\/p>\n

Neexistuje jedin\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis EU, kter\u00fd by se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zab\u00fdval mrza\u010den\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, a ochrana, kter\u00e1 je obsa\u017eena v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm nerovnom\u011brn\u00e1. Osmn\u00e1ct \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1kony o mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Dev\u011bt z nich nem\u00e1 pro tuto oblast v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed. Po\u017eadavky na hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e a zdravotn\u00ed sestry se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed a specializovan\u00e9 podp\u016frn\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro ob\u011bti jsou nejednotn\u00e9 nebo v\u016fbec neexistuj\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00edst\u011b bydli\u0161t\u011b. <\/p>\n

Skupina ECR se k tomuto t\u00e9matu vyjad\u0159uje v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e velkou pozornost tomuto probl\u00e9mu v\u011bnuje Assita Kanko z ECR. Kanko, burkinabsk\u00e1 poslankyn\u011b Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, sama podstoupila mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v p\u011bti letech. Kanko se pod\u00edlela na vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice EU o mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem p\u0159i d\u016fsledn\u00e9m prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel, kter\u00e1 by skute\u010dn\u011b platila jednotn\u011b ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. <\/p>\n

V Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu prosadila rezoluci, kterou podpo\u0159ilo \u0161est politick\u00fdch skupin a kter\u00e1 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k praktick\u00fdm krok\u016fm v t\u00e9to oblasti: \u0161kolen\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed s ohro\u017een\u00fdmi komunitami, sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d hranicemi, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed nulov\u00e9 tolerance. Rezoluce tak\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zala na v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1na, ale z\u0159ejm\u011b je – mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f se neomezuje pouze na jednu \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011bta. Je p\u0159\u00edtomno v Evrop\u011b a d\u011bje se, nebo p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno d\u011bje se evropsk\u00fdm d\u011btem. <\/p>\n

V roce 2019 uspo\u0159\u00e1dala poslankyn\u011b Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu Anneleen Van Bossuytov\u00e1 sly\u0161en\u00ed k Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu dni nulov\u00e9 tolerance v\u016f\u010di mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Skupina tak\u00e9 vyzvala, aby pen\u00edze EU \u0161ly na v\u00fdzkum chirurgick\u00e9 reverze a aby byla cel\u00e1 problematika pov\u00fd\u0161ena na hlavn\u00ed politickou prioritu, m\u00edsto aby byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za n\u011bco, co pat\u0159\u00ed do rozvojov\u00e9 pomoci a nikam jinam. <\/p>\n

To je vcelku f\u00e9r. Ale irsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad je vedle v\u0161ech t\u011bchto obhajob nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd, proto\u017ee vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku o druh\u00e9m konci procesu. <\/p>\n

Pokud chce Evropa \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b st\u00edhat mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, a to by m\u011bla d\u011blat s chut\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fkazn\u00ed standardy pevn\u00e9. Irsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad je varovn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, co se stane, kdy\u017e nejsou. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 posudky vedly k odsouzen\u00ed navzdory skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u00fd znaleck\u00fd posudek, v\u010detn\u011b posudku vlastn\u00edho specialisty ob\u017ealoby, byl s t\u011bmito posudky v rozporu. Videod\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159edlo\u017eeny porot\u011b, nebyly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny. Chyby v p\u0159ekladu ohrozily spravedlivost samotn\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho procesu. <\/p>\n

Nedostatky v zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedliv\u00fdch soudn\u00edch proces\u016f ohro\u017euj\u00ed na\u0161i schopnost tyto z\u00e1le\u017eitosti v\u016fbec \u0159e\u0161it soudn\u00ed cestou.<\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, evropsk\u00e9 soudy se nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed zab\u00fdvat velmi citlivou kulturn\u00ed prax\u00ed, kterou se ur\u010dit\u00ed lid\u00e9 budou sna\u017eit obhajovat a\/nebo normalizovat a kter\u00e1 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b vyskytuje mezi migranty z ur\u010dit\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, co\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 mo\u017enost politick\u00e9ho nebo kulturn\u00edho odporu v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu dohledu z d\u016fvodu rasov\u00e9 diskriminace. Syst\u00e9my mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 a spravedliv\u00e9, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed bude pokryto v ka\u017ed\u00e9m smyslu. <\/p>\n

Odsouzen\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vynesen\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. A pokud m\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce ECR na harmonizaci ochrany v r\u00e1mci EU n\u011bco znamenat v praxi, mus\u00ed zahrnovat konzistentn\u00ed d\u016fkazn\u00ed standardy a skute\u010dn\u00e9 spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti, nikoliv pouze p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kony na pap\u00ed\u0159e. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V lednu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku se v Irsku obr\u00e1til na soud p\u00e1r, kter\u00fd se dom\u00e1hal toho, aby jejich p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed za mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f bylo prohl\u00e1\u0161eno za justi\u010dn\u00ed omyl. Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nezn\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh evropsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, ale je tomu tak, proto\u017ee zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm byl tento p\u0159\u00edpad \u0159e\u0161en – a jak se rozuzlil – odhaluje probl\u00e9my, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":49827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[404],"types":[449],"class_list":["post-51445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","regions-world-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\nMrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. P\u0159ehled soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Irsku a iniciativy ECR - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cs\/mrzaceni-zenskych-pohlavnich-organu-prehled-soudnich-rizeni-v-irsku-a-iniciativy-ecr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. 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