Ropn\u00fd tanker p\u0159iplouvaj\u00edc\u00ed do italsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e1 kapacita a energetick\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost jsou dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bci. It\u00e1lie dok\u00e1\u017ee ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat ropu na benz\u00edn, naftu, leteck\u00e9 palivo a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 suroviny. Surovina pro tyto procesy v\u0161ak v drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Udr\u017een\u00ed rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed v provozu chr\u00e1n\u00ed strategickou kapacitu; neodstra\u0148uje v\u0161ak zranitelnost, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e ropa doraz\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento rozd\u00edl je j\u00e1drem debaty o tom, zda je It\u00e1lie schopna zv\u00fd\u0161it produkci pohonn\u00fdch hmot v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky stanou nejist\u00fdmi. Ministr pr\u016fmyslu Adolfo Urso p\u0159edstavil zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce jako re\u00e1lnou mo\u017enost s t\u00edm, \u017ee It\u00e1lie si zachovala rafin\u00e9rskou infrastrukturu, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b pokra\u010dovaly v uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vod\u016f. Tento argument m\u00e1 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed, ale rozsah t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti z\u00e1vis\u00ed na technick\u00fdch mo\u017enostech, logistice a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch produktech, kter\u00fdch je nedostatek.<\/p>
Italsk\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 konven\u010dn\u00edch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed zahrnuje deset z\u00e1vod\u016f: Priolo, Augusta a Milazzo na Sic\u00edlii; Sarroch na Sardinii; Sannazzaro de\u2019 Burgondi v Lombardii; Trecate v Piemontu; Busalla v Ligurii; Ravenna v Emilii-Romagni; Falconara v Marche; a Taranto v Apulii. Jedn\u00e1 se o geografick\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslovou popt\u00e1vkou a p\u0159\u00edstupem k mo\u0159i, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e severn\u00ed z\u00e1vody z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e1 centra a ostrovn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou napojena na st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy.<\/p>\n
Syst\u00e9m je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed jednou generac\u00ed. Kolem let 1990\u20131991 m\u011bla It\u00e1lie p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvacet provozovan\u00fdch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed kapacitu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se 100 milion\u016fm tun. Do roku 2025 klesla kapacita na 83,3 milionu tun, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje pokles o zhruba 17 %. Po\u010det z\u00e1vod\u016f tedy klesal mnohem rychleji ne\u017e celkov\u00e1 kapacita, co\u017e ukazuje, pro\u010d pouh\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed neposkytuje \u00fapln\u00fd obraz o s\u00edle pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n
P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed aktivity je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b jedno rozli\u0161en\u00ed. [V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va UNEM za rok 2026](https:\/\/www.unem.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/UNEM_Relazione-annuale-2026.pdf) uv\u00e1d\u00ed pro rok 2025 objem rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e9 produkce ve v\u00fd\u0161i 63,7 milionu tun: jedn\u00e1 se o zpracovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l, nikoli o ekvivalentn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k prodeji. Rafinace spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 energii a je s n\u00ed spojena ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto objemu jako \u201eprodukce paliva\u201c tyto rozd\u00edly zast\u00edr\u00e1 a \u010din\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1rodn\u00ed spot\u0159ebou m\u00e9n\u011b spolehliv\u00fdm.<\/p>\n
Uveden\u00e1 m\u00edra vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 77 % se nicm\u00e9n\u011b m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako v\u00fdzva ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce. Pro\u010d prost\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edt zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 23 %? Proto\u017ee rafin\u00e9rie p\u0159edstavuje propojen\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec proces\u016f, nikoli samostatn\u00fd stroj s nastaviteln\u00fdmi ot\u00e1\u010dkami. Destila\u010dn\u00ed, konverzn\u00ed a \u00fapravn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mus\u00ed fungovat spole\u010dn\u011b a omezuj\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1ze se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit v z\u00e1vislosti na zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 rop\u011b.<\/p>\n
Na dosa\u017eiteln\u00fd v\u00fdstup maj\u00ed vliv tak\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba, neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky, energetick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky a technick\u00e9 specifikace produkt\u016f. Jedna rafinerie m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt kapacitu na destilaci v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed surov\u00e9 ropy, ani\u017e by disponovala odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed kapacitou pro v\u00fdrobu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed nafty nebo leteck\u00e9ho paliva spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 normy. Celost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry tato omezen\u00ed zakr\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Nelze z nich ur\u010dit, kolik paliva nav\u00edc by se mohlo dostat k z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm, z kter\u00e9 rafinerie ani v jak\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu.<\/p>\n
Rozsah se v r\u00e1mci s\u00edt\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Podle uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch odhad\u016f kapacity \u010din\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed kapacita Priola p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 19,4 milionu tun, Sarrochu 15 milion\u016f, Milazza 10,6 milionu a Sannazzara 10 milion\u016f. N\u00e1sleduje Trecate s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 9 miliony, Augusta s 8,1 miliony, Taranto s 5,2 miliony, Falconara s 3,9 miliony a Busalla s 1,85 miliony.<\/p>\n
Tyto \u00fadaje popisuj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli zaru\u010den\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky. Pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 definice: nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacita, kapacita vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 vzhledem k navazuj\u00edc\u00edmu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u016fchodnost jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9 veli\u010diny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost [ISAB](https:\/\/www.isab.com\/it) v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed komplex v Priolu m\u00e1 kapacitu 320 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f s tunami vy\u017eaduje p\u0159edpoklady ohledn\u011b hustoty ropy a pou\u017eit\u00e9ho provozn\u00edho z\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n
Sarroch dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdznam jak velikosti, tak flexibility. [Provozovatel uv\u00e1d\u00ed](https:\/\/www.saras.it\/it\/cosa-facciamo\/raffinazione) zpracovatelskou kapacitu 15 milion\u016f tun ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Velk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed komplexy mohou propojit It\u00e1lii s v\u00edce dodavatelsk\u00fdmi trasami, ale jejich p\u0159\u00ednos v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek st\u00e1le z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dostupnosti surovin, funk\u010dn\u00edch dopravn\u00edch spojen\u00edch a schopnosti vyr\u00e1b\u011bt produkty, kter\u00e9 odb\u011bratel\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost Eni si prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Sannazzara a Taranta zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou pozici v s\u00edti, a to vedle sv\u00e9ho 50% pod\u00edlu v Milazzu. [Podle zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f](https:\/\/www.eni.com\/content\/dam\/enicom\/documents\/eng\/reports\/2024\/Fact-Book-2024-eng.pdf) \u010din\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 kapacita Taranta 104 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Vlastnictv\u00ed by v\u0161ak nem\u011blo b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1no s dostupnost\u00ed na dom\u00e1c\u00edm trhu: palivo se p\u0159epravuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm komer\u010dn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a existence dom\u00e1c\u00edch zpracovatelsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd barel je automaticky vyhrazen pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edky.<\/p>\n
\u00dadaje o obchodu tuto slo\u017eitost odhaluj\u00ed. It\u00e1lie dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 16 milion\u016f tun rafinovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f, zat\u00edmco vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es 25,7 milionu tun. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto \u010d\u00edsel je tedy celkov\u011b \u010dist\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcem. Celkov\u00fd p\u0159ebytek v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee existovat soub\u011b\u017en\u011b se z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch palivech, sez\u00f3nn\u00edmi dovozy nebo region\u00e1ln\u00edmi nedostatky v dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch. Jedna vyvezen\u00e1 tuna benz\u00ednu nem\u016f\u017ee automaticky nahradit jednu dovezenou tunu leteck\u00e9ho paliva.<\/p>\n
Vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu ropy ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 62 milion\u016f tun proto nelze porovn\u00e1vat s objemem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v rafin\u00e9ri\u00edch, jako by tyto dva \u00fadaje tvo\u0159ily ucelenou bilanci. Smyslupln\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9 jednotn\u00e9 definice produkt\u016f, dovozu, v\u00fdvozu, pohyb\u016f z\u00e1sob a ztr\u00e1t p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bez t\u011bchto prvk\u016f mohou zd\u00e1nliv\u011b uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed souhrnn\u00e9 \u00fadaje zakr\u00fdvat nedostatky v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech trhu.<\/p>\n
Naftu, leteck\u00e9 palivo a zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd ropn\u00fd plyn p\u0159ipad\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 64 % dovozu uveden\u00e9ho ve vykazovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zhruba jedna t\u0159etina dovezen\u00fdch rafinovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu a Asie. It\u00e1lie m\u016f\u017ee naftu dov\u00e1\u017eet, a p\u0159esto z\u016fstat jej\u00edm \u010dist\u00fdm v\u00fdvozcem. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00edsto, kvalita a obchodn\u00ed dohody pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vysv\u011btlit toky, kter\u00e9 by se jinak jevily jako protich\u016fdn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Hlub\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch. Uveden\u00e9 \u00fadaje odhaduj\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu ropy na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 milion\u016f tun ro\u010dn\u011b a dom\u00e1c\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 miliony tun. Tyto \u00fadaje by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny sp\u00ed\u0161e za orienta\u010dn\u00ed, ne\u017e aby byly automaticky slu\u010dov\u00e1ny se samostatnou \u0159adou \u00fadaj\u016f o rafin\u00e9ri\u00edch pro rok 2025. Jejich hlavn\u00ed poselstv\u00ed je zcela jasn\u00e9: italsk\u00e9 vrty pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed pouze malou \u010d\u00e1st ropy, kterou zem\u011b pot\u0159ebuje.<\/p>\n
Ekonom specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na energetiku Davide Tabarelli tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee investice by mohly zv\u00fd\u0161it dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkci alespo\u0148 na 8 milion\u016f tun. I v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by v\u0161ak z\u016fstala velk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba dovozu. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby by mohlo diverzifikovat dod\u00e1vky a okrajov\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost, vy\u017eadovalo by to v\u0161ak \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 projekty, investice a \u010das. Je t\u0159eba to ch\u00e1pat jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos, nikoli jako progn\u00f3zu nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem diskuse o t\u011b\u017eb\u011b je Basilicata, zejm\u00e9na oblasti Val d\u2019Agri a Tempa Rossa. Sic\u00edlie m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e zaveden\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 pole, v\u010detn\u011b Ragusy a Gely, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed severn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed provozy p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b. Z\u00e1soby zemn\u00edho plynu je t\u0159eba odli\u0161ovat od ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed: Gagliano Castelferrato, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 spolu se sicilsk\u00fdmi t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edmi lokalitami, je producentem zemn\u00edho plynu a nelze jej pova\u017eovat za rovnocenn\u00fd zdroj surov\u00e9 ropy pro rafinerie.<\/p>\n
Mezit\u00edm se mapa rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu m\u011bn\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u00edky p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b ne\u017e pouh\u00e9mu uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vod\u016f. Porto Marghera a Gela se prom\u011bnily v biorafinerie a Livorno pozastavilo tradi\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny. [Spole\u010dnost Eni popisuje](https:\/\/www.eni.com\/en-IT\/actions\/global-activities\/Italy\/livorno.html) pl\u00e1novanou jednotku v Livornu, kter\u00e1 bude schopna ro\u010dn\u011b vyprodukovat 500 000 tun z biogenn\u00edch surovin, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b rostlinn\u00e9ho odpadu a zbytk\u016f. Takov\u00e1 investice zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslovou \u010dinnost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011bn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed surovin p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch do z\u00e1vodu a produkt\u016f z n\u011bj odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Biorefinace v\u0161ak nenahrazuje konven\u010dn\u00ed kapacitu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ropy v pom\u011bru jedna tuna za jednu tunu. Li\u0161\u00ed se jej\u00ed suroviny, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed i sortiment produkt\u016f, a proto je t\u0159eba jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos posuzovat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Pro tv\u016frce politiky spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 praktick\u00fd \u00fakol v koordinaci tohoto p\u0159echodu s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami v oblasti paliv: zachovat nezbytn\u00e9 kapacity, zlep\u0161it spolehlivost a zabr\u00e1nit vzniku mezer mezi vy\u0159azen\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z provozu a dostupnost\u00ed alternativ.<\/p>\n
Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategie It\u00e1lie je proto \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 po\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby rafin\u00e9rie pracovaly na pln\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Kombinuje spolehliv\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, diverzifikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy ropy, dostate\u010dn\u00e9 skladovac\u00ed kapacity, efektivn\u00ed dopravu a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po rop\u011b. Zem\u011b disponuje zna\u010dnou pr\u016fmyslovou rezervou, kter\u00e1 ji chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed naru\u0161en\u00edm dod\u00e1vek. Aby se tato rezerva prom\u00edtla do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost cel\u00e9mu dodavatelsk\u00e9mu \u0159et\u011bzci, od m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu ropy a\u017e po skute\u010dn\u011b dodan\u00e9 palivo. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, kolik vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch z\u00e1sob lze zajistit v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodu a jak rychle je mohou dom\u00e1cnosti, leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a podniky z\u00edskat tam, kde je pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
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Deset konven\u010dn\u00edch rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje It\u00e1lii pr\u016fmyslovou s\u00edlu, av\u0161ak dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 ropa, specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a kol\u00edsav\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po palivech zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed slibovan\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti. Ropn\u00fd tanker p\u0159iplouvaj\u00edc\u00ed do italsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e1 kapacita a energetick\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost jsou dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bci. It\u00e1lie dok\u00e1\u017ee ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat ropu na benz\u00edn, naftu, leteck\u00e9 palivo a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 suroviny. Surovina […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":96,"featured_media":65259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[3582,3587,3580,3585,2916,3586,3584,577,3581,2860,2861,2654,3583,1000,302,646,250,237,300,215,270,268,599,291,290,457,277,49,243,1871,252,771,311,487],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[387,328,339,344,356,367,364,404],"types":[415,449],"class_list":["post-65475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie","tag-benzina","tag-carburante","tag-diesel","tag-distributore","tag-fuel","tag-gasolio","tag-giacimenti","tag-meloni","tag-ormuz","tag-petrol","tag-petrolio","tag-rifornimento","tag-senzapiombo","tag-conservatism","tag-conservative","tag-donald-trump","tag-economy","tag-energy","tag-environment","tag-eu","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-european-union","tag-fratelli-ditalia","tag-giorgia-meloni","tag-giorgiameloni","tag-italia","tag-italy","tag-nato","tag-tariffs","tag-technology","tag-trump","tag-usa","tag-war","regions-africa-and-middle-east-cs","regions-central-europe-cs","regions-eastern-europe-cs","regions-northern-europe-cs","regions-southern-europe-cs","regions-usa-cs","regions-western-europe-cs","regions-world-cs","types-news-cs","types-opinion-cs"],"yoast_head":"\n