{"id":55069,"date":"2026-05-07T16:27:29","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T16:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/sadresser-aux-etudiants-pour-la-liberte"},"modified":"2026-05-07T16:27:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T16:27:29","slug":"sadresser-aux-etudiants-pour-la-liberte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/sadresser-aux-etudiants-pour-la-liberte","title":{"rendered":"S&rsquo;adresser aux \u00e9tudiants pour la libert\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lors du rassemblement annuel des \u00e9tudiants europ\u00e9ens pour la libert\u00e9, <a href=\"https:\/\/libertycon.net\/\">LibertyCon<\/a>, qui se tiendra d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 Madrid du 24 au 26 avril 2026, j&rsquo;ai pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un nouveau livre que j&rsquo;ai \u00e9dit\u00e9 et introduit, <em>Conservative-Liberal Thought in the Nordic Countries : An Anthology, 946-1945<\/em>. Il vient d&rsquo;\u00eatre publi\u00e9 par le think tank bruxellois New Direction. Il compte 468 pages, dont 267 pages d&rsquo;introduction. Les auteurs inclus sont les trois Islandais Ari le savant, Snorri Sturluson, et l&rsquo;auteur inconnu d&rsquo;un des contes islandais ; l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00eaque danois Gunnar de Viborg, auteur du pr\u00e9ambule de la D\u00e9claration des droits de l&rsquo;homme de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne.     <em>Loi du Jutland<\/em>Le roi danois Erik Clipping, qui a sign\u00e9 (malgr\u00e9 lui) la premi\u00e8re charte royale nordique ; l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00eaque su\u00e9dois Thomas Simonsson, qui a compos\u00e9 un po\u00e8me sur la libert\u00e9 ; le polymathe su\u00e9dois Olaus Petri, qui a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 les \u00ab\u00a0R\u00e8gles pour les juges\u00a0\u00bb, toujours en vigueur en Su\u00e8de et en Finlande ; le pasteur su\u00e9dois Anders Chydenius, qui a anticip\u00e9 les id\u00e9es d&rsquo;Adam Smith sur la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression et d&rsquo;association, et qui est \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de la cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne.  <em>La richesse des nations<\/em>Le po\u00e8te su\u00e9dois Erik Gustaf Geijer a \u00e9crit des po\u00e8mes et des essais en faveur de la libert\u00e9 ; le po\u00e8te danois N. F. S. Grundtvig a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans ses po\u00e8mes et ses discours ce que l&rsquo;on pourrait appeler le lib\u00e9ralisme national ; deux \u00e9conomistes su\u00e9dois, Gustav Cassel et Eli F. Heckscher, qui ont anticip\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie de la libert\u00e9 de Friedrich A. von Hayek et qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de la cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne.  <em>La route vers le servage<\/em>L&rsquo;\u00e9conomiste danois Jens Warming, qui a anticip\u00e9 l&rsquo;environnementalisme du march\u00e9 libre et l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie du bien-\u00eatre ; le juriste su\u00e9dois Nils Hurlitz, qui a \u00e9crit sur l&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage nordique de la libert\u00e9 ; le juriste danois Poul Andersen, qui a d\u00e9fendu la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression dans le d\u00e9bat danois de 1945 sur la d\u00e9mocratie ; et l&rsquo;\u00e9conomiste norv\u00e9gien Trygve Hoff, qui a critiqu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re convaincante le socialisme dans un \u00e9change \u00e9pistolaire avec son compatriote socialiste Ragnar Frisch.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La tradition de la libert\u00e9 en vertu de la loi<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J&rsquo;ai soulign\u00e9 que, d\u00e8s le premier si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re, le chroniqueur romain Tacite avait d\u00e9crit l&rsquo;autonomie des tribus germaniques. Le juriste fran\u00e7ais Montesquieu a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la libert\u00e9 en Europe \u00e9tait n\u00e9e dans les for\u00eats allemandes. Les Islandais, dans leur R\u00e9publique des ann\u00e9es 930-1262, sont all\u00e9s jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 n&rsquo;avoir d&rsquo;autre roi que la loi. L&rsquo;id\u00e9al de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat de droit, avec les domaines prot\u00e9g\u00e9s correspondants des individus, a \u00e9t\u00e9 influent dans les pays nordiques, comme le montrent le pr\u00e9ambule de la loi du Jutland, la charte d&rsquo;Erik Clipping et les r\u00e8gles pour les juges en Su\u00e8de et en Finlande. Cette tradition est devenue suffisamment forte pour r\u00e9sister aux assauts des rois revendiquant le pouvoir par la gr\u00e2ce de Dieu et des sociaux-d\u00e9mocrates revendiquant le pouvoir au nom de la classe ouvri\u00e8re. Les auteurs des constitutions norv\u00e9gienne de 1814 et danoise de 1849 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9s non seulement par les Whigs britanniques, mais aussi par cette tradition nordique, alors que l&rsquo;on pourrait affirmer que les deux traditions, britannique et nordique, trouvent leurs racines dans l&rsquo;autonomie des tribus germaniques.     <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/la-tradition-danoise-de-liberte'>La tradition danoise de libert\u00e9<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/la-tradition-islandaise-de-liberte'>La tradition islandaise de libert\u00e9<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/la-tradition-suedoise-de-liberte'>La tradition su\u00e9doise de libert\u00e9<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Religion et libert\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;\u00e9tudiant tch\u00e8que Jon\u00e1\u0161 Kurus, qui a habilement pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 ma session, m&rsquo;a demand\u00e9 quel \u00e9tait le lien entre la religion et la tradition nordique. J&rsquo;ai r\u00e9pondu que ses racines remontaient \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque pr\u00e9chr\u00e9tienne, mais que la tradition nordique du droit coutumier et la tradition romaine, puis chr\u00e9tienne, du droit naturel servaient toutes deux \u00e0 restreindre le gouvernement et \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les domaines individuels prot\u00e9g\u00e9s. Saint Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin avait m\u00eame reconnu la diff\u00e9rence entre la monarchie et la tyrannie et le droit de d\u00e9poser le roi s&rsquo;il devenait un tyran. Cependant, le principe selon lequel ce qui concerne tout le monde doit \u00eatre d\u00e9cid\u00e9 par tous \u00e9tait beaucoup plus fort dans la tradition germanique que dans la tradition romaine. Les Germains ne pr\u00e9supposaient pas n\u00e9cessairement un l\u00e9gislateur, un roi.    <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les le\u00e7ons des pays nordiques<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anne Struffmann, \u00e9tudiante allemande, a demand\u00e9 ce que les autres nations pouvaient apprendre de la tradition nordique. J&rsquo;ai r\u00e9pondu que les pays nordiques \u00e9taient souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des exemples de r\u00e9ussite de la social-d\u00e9mocratie, mais que leur succ\u00e8s \u00e9tait en fait d\u00fb \u00e0 la social-d\u00e9mocratie et non \u00e0 elle. Il repose sur trois piliers : l&rsquo;\u00c9tat de droit, y compris la protection des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e ; le libre-\u00e9change, que m\u00eame les sociaux-d\u00e9mocrates ont maintenu ; et la coh\u00e9sion sociale. J&rsquo;ai ajout\u00e9 que la coh\u00e9sion sociale ne se construisait pas. Elle doit \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e sur une longue p\u00e9riode. Mais peut-\u00eatre que sur cette question, les id\u00e9es de N.F.S. Grundtvig \u00e9taient pertinentes : fournir une \u00e9ducation civique \u00e0 tous afin que le transfert du pouvoir du roi au peuple ne se traduise pas par une terreur jacobine. En particulier, ces id\u00e9es pourraient \u00eatre applicables aujourd&rsquo;hui dans certains pays nouvellement lib\u00e9r\u00e9s.        <em>     <\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lors du rassemblement annuel des \u00e9tudiants europ\u00e9ens pour la libert\u00e9, LibertyCon, qui se tiendra d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 Madrid du 24 au 26 avril 2026, j&rsquo;ai pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un nouveau livre que j&rsquo;ai \u00e9dit\u00e9 et introduit, Conservative-Liberal Thought in the Nordic Countries : An Anthology, 946-1945. Il vient d&rsquo;\u00eatre publi\u00e9 par le think tank bruxellois New Direction. Il [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":54625,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2550],"tags":[1283,919,1080,3145,1191],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[2563,2568],"types":[2570],"class_list":["post-55069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-construire-une-europe-conservatrice","tag-free-trade","tag-law","tag-liberty","tag-nordic-countries","tag-social-democracy","regions-northern-europe-fr","regions-world-fr","types-opinion-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S&#039;adresser aux \u00e9tudiants pour la libert\u00e9 - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/sadresser-aux-etudiants-pour-la-liberte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S&#039;adresser aux \u00e9tudiants pour la libert\u00e9 - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lors du rassemblement annuel des \u00e9tudiants europ\u00e9ens pour la libert\u00e9, LibertyCon, qui se tiendra d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 Madrid du 24 au 26 avril 2026, j&rsquo;ai pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un nouveau livre que j&rsquo;ai \u00e9dit\u00e9 et introduit, Conservative-Liberal Thought in the Nordic Countries : An Anthology, 946-1945. 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D. Phil. Politics Oxford 1985. Professor of Politics 1988\u20132023. Professor Emeritus since 2023. Member of the Board of Directors Mont Pelerin Society 1998\u20132004. Member of the Board of Overseers Central Bank of Iceland 2001\u20132009. 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