{"id":55301,"date":"2026-05-10T06:45:13","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T06:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal"},"modified":"2026-05-10T06:45:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T06:45:13","slug":"john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal","title":{"rendered":"John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le philosophe anglais John Stuart Mill est n\u00e9 en mai 1806, il y a 220 ans, et j&rsquo;ai donc \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment invit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter de son <em>Essai sur la libert\u00e9<\/em> lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9union d&rsquo;un club de lecture islandais. Alors que j&rsquo;ai enseign\u00e9 ce livre dans mes cours de philosophie politique \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Islande pendant 30 ans, ma vision de l&rsquo;ouvrage a chang\u00e9 avec le temps. Je reconnais que Mill \u00e9tait un excellent \u00e9crivain, ouvert d&rsquo;esprit et bien inform\u00e9. Mais sa r\u00e9putation d&rsquo;ic\u00f4ne de la libert\u00e9 est-elle m\u00e9rit\u00e9e ?   <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La partie la plus convaincante de l&rsquo;<em>Essai sur la libert\u00e9<\/em> est l&rsquo;argument de Mill en faveur de la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression : Si une opinion interdite est juste, les gens sont priv\u00e9s de la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9changer l&rsquo;erreur contre la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ; si elle est fausse, ils perdent l&rsquo;avantage de clarifier et de renforcer la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 en tentant de la r\u00e9futer. Cet argument est certainement toujours d&rsquo;actualit\u00e9. Il est \u00e9galement exprim\u00e9 avec \u00e9loquence par le contemporain de Mill, le po\u00e8te danois N. F. S. Grundtvig, qui insistait sur le fait qu&rsquo;il devait y avoir de la libert\u00e9 pour Loki, le voyou, ainsi que pour Thor, le h\u00e9ros. Mais je dois noter que la libert\u00e9 la plus importante pour les gens ordinaires est la libert\u00e9 de choisir leur profession, leurs biens et leurs services sur le march\u00e9, et de conserver la plus grande partie possible de leurs revenus. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n&rsquo;est pas un club de discussion ; c&rsquo;est une lutte pour am\u00e9liorer nos conditions de vie et celles de nos familles.    <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/louverture-doit-etre-geree-avec-precaution'>L&rsquo;ouverture doit \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9e avec pr\u00e9caution<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/sadresser-aux-etudiants-pour-la-liberte'>S&rsquo;adresser aux \u00e9tudiants pour la libert\u00e9<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/la-tradition-danoise-de-liberte'>La tradition danoise de libert\u00e9<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le principe de nocivit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre principe du pr\u00e9judice de Mill stipule que la coercition n&rsquo;est justifi\u00e9e que pour emp\u00eacher un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 autrui. Ce principe a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9 pour son manque de clart\u00e9. Je ne suis pas d&rsquo;accord. Il est clair, par exemple, que le principe de pr\u00e9caution autoriserait les substances addictives, \u00e0 condition qu&rsquo;elles n&rsquo;entra\u00eenent pas de comportement dangereux ; il autoriserait \u00e9galement la prostitution. En outre, les cons\u00e9quences de l&rsquo;interdiction de ces activit\u00e9s sont probablement pires que celles de leur autorisation. Mais le probl\u00e8me des calculs utilitaires est qu&rsquo;ils confondent le louable et le r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible. L&rsquo;infirmi\u00e8re et la prostitu\u00e9e sont toutes deux consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme produisant de l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9. Je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re l&rsquo;approche de saint Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin. Selon lui, nous sommes tous p\u00e9cheurs, mais la loi ne devrait s&rsquo;int\u00e9resser qu&rsquo;aux p\u00e9ch\u00e9s pr\u00e9judiciables \u00e0 autrui, comme la violence ou le vol. En pratique, cela conduit \u00e0 quelque chose de similaire au principe de nuisance de Mill, mais la distinction cruciale entre les vices et les vertus est maintenue.         <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;erreur du socialisme redistributif<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mill \u00e9tait conscient que l&rsquo;utilitarisme avait ses probl\u00e8mes. Il a \u00e9crit dans <em>An Essay on Liberty<\/em> qu&rsquo;il fondait son argumentation en faveur de la libert\u00e9 sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats permanents de l&rsquo;homme en tant qu&rsquo;\u00eatre progressif. Ici, il est pass\u00e9 all\u00e8grement de la maximisation de l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 &#8211; qui est la raison d&rsquo;\u00eatre de l&rsquo;utilitarisme &#8211; \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation des conditions n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement de l&rsquo;homme. Je doute donc que l&rsquo;on puisse le qualifier d&rsquo;utilitariste. Je doute \u00e9galement qu&rsquo;il puisse \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9 de lib\u00e9ral. Dans ses <em>Principes d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie politique,<\/em> il fait une distinction entre les lois de la production et de la distribution. Les lois de la production sont, selon lui, immuables, contrairement aux lois de la distribution, qui peuvent \u00eatre modifi\u00e9es, presque \u00e0 volont\u00e9. Mais il s&rsquo;agit l\u00e0 d&rsquo;une fausse distinction, car la distribution des revenus, par choix, nous fournit des informations indispensables sur les domaines dans lesquels nos capacit\u00e9s et nos comp\u00e9tences sont le mieux employ\u00e9es. Elle oriente donc la production. Le socialisme redistributif, cependant, d\u00e9pend largement de cette erreur th\u00e9orique.         <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qui choisirait le socialisme ?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans ses derniers \u00e9crits, Mill pensait que le socialisme pouvait remplacer le capitalisme parce que les collectifs de travailleurs \u00e9taient susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre plus productifs que les entreprises priv\u00e9es. Il s&rsquo;est tromp\u00e9. Mais il a insist\u00e9 sur le fait que ces collectifs devaient \u00eatre volontaires. Sous le capitalisme, les gens peuvent, bien s\u00fbr, choisir le socialisme pour eux-m\u00eames et non pour les autres. Il est int\u00e9ressant de se demander combien d&rsquo;entre eux le feraient. Les communaut\u00e9s agraires collectives d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl, les <em>kibboutzim<\/em>, apportent une r\u00e9ponse : Moins de trois pour cent.     <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le philosophe anglais John Stuart Mill est n\u00e9 en mai 1806, il y a 220 ans, et j&rsquo;ai donc \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment invit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter de son Essai sur la libert\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9union d&rsquo;un club de lecture islandais. Alors que j&rsquo;ai enseign\u00e9 ce livre dans mes cours de philosophie politique \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Islande pendant 30 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":55159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2533],"tags":[987,589,919,3160,912],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[2567,2568],"types":[2570],"class_list":["post-55301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-fr","tag-capitalism","tag-freedom","tag-law","tag-mill","tag-socialism","regions-western-europe-fr","regions-world-fr","types-opinion-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ? - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ? - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le philosophe anglais John Stuart Mill est n\u00e9 en mai 1806, il y a 220 ans, et j&rsquo;ai donc \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment invit\u00e9 \u00e0 discuter de son Essai sur la libert\u00e9 lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9union d&rsquo;un club de lecture islandais. 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Alors que j&rsquo;ai enseign\u00e9 ce livre dans mes cours de philosophie politique \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Islande pendant 30 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal","og_site_name":"The Conservative","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","article_published_time":"2026-05-10T06:45:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/JSMill.shutterstock_2591182321-scaled.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hannes Gissurarson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HHGConferences","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Hannes Gissurarson","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal"},"author":{"name":"Hannes Gissurarson","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/57f9ac02d26987135183ffc3b91f4fbe"},"headline":"John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ?","datePublished":"2026-05-10T06:45:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal"},"wordCount":793,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/JSMill.shutterstock_2591182321-scaled.jpeg","keywords":["capitalism","freedom","law","Mill","Socialism"],"articleSection":["Culture"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal","name":"John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ? - The Conservative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/JSMill.shutterstock_2591182321-scaled.jpeg","datePublished":"2026-05-10T06:45:13+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/57f9ac02d26987135183ffc3b91f4fbe"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/JSMill.shutterstock_2591182321-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/JSMill.shutterstock_2591182321-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1707,"caption":"Westminster England UK - 1 28 2025: A statue of John Stuart Mill at Victoria Embankment Gardens Temple Gardens with lush green trees, grass and plants in Westminster England UK"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/john-stuart-mill-etait-il-un-liberal#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/home"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"John Stuart Mill \u00e9tait-il un lib\u00e9ral ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr","name":"The Conservative","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/57f9ac02d26987135183ffc3b91f4fbe","name":"Hannes Gissurarson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1292c6867aa2b48aaaf40f8359f130f8efbced45c7d0f5db3105feea926e93a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1292c6867aa2b48aaaf40f8359f130f8efbced45c7d0f5db3105feea926e93a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hannes Gissurarson"},"description":"Born in 1953. 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