{"id":56882,"date":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/lettre-de-katowice"},"modified":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","slug":"lettre-de-katowice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice","title":{"rendered":"Lettre de Katowice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enfant, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 fascin\u00e9 par un chapitre sur le h\u00e9ros national polonais Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko dans un recueil d&rsquo;essais, <em>The Torch of Freedom : Vingt exil\u00e9s de l&rsquo;histoire<\/em>, publi\u00e9 en islandais en 1945 (Kyndill frelsisins). L&rsquo;auteur, le po\u00e8te du XXe si\u00e8cle J\u00f3zef Wittlin, y d\u00e9crit la participation de Ko\u015bciuszko \u00e0 la guerre d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, sa lutte contre les partitions de la Pologne et sa tentative d&rsquo;abolir le servage. Fait remarquable, la Pologne adopte en 1791 une constitution lib\u00e9rale, bas\u00e9e sur la tradition politique britannique et la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine de 1789, comme l&rsquo;observe son principal auteur, le roi Stanis\u0142aw August. Mais avec la troisi\u00e8me partition, en 1795, la Pologne a \u00e9t\u00e9 ray\u00e9e de la carte. Elle n&rsquo;a pas eu la chance de ses voisins, le royaume de Prusse et l&#8217;empire Romanov, et ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;apr\u00e8s leur effondrement qu&rsquo;elle a pu devenir un \u00c9tat-nation. La quatri\u00e8me partition de la Pologne a eu lieu en 1939, lorsque les nazis d&rsquo;Hitler se sont empar\u00e9s de la partie occidentale et les bolcheviks de Staline de la partie orientale.     <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La face cach\u00e9e de la lune<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le 27 septembre 1939, dans un journal islandais, le communiste Halld\u00f3r Laxness (qui recevra plus tard le prix Nobel de litt\u00e9rature) applaudit l&rsquo;annexion de la Pologne orientale par Staline, en \u00e9crivant que quinze millions de personnes soumises \u00e0 un f\u00e9odalisme m\u00e9di\u00e9val, notoirement connu pour ses paysans pauvres et sales, avaient \u00ab\u00a0saut\u00e9 en douceur\u00a0\u00bb dans la r\u00e9publique sovi\u00e9tique des ouvriers et des fermiers. La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est tout autre. Si les nazis se sont certainement comport\u00e9s avec une cruaut\u00e9 indicible dans leur partie de la Pologne, on sait moins que les communistes ont fait de m\u00eame dans la leur : ils ont non seulement assassin\u00e9 22 000 officiers polonais en 1940, mais aussi d\u00e9port\u00e9 1,7 million de personnes en Sib\u00e9rie et au Kazakhstan, comme le d\u00e9crit un livre bien \u00e9crit rapport\u00e9 par un journal islandais en 1946, <em>La face cach\u00e9e de la lune de <\/em>Zoe Zajdlerowa.  <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/panel-ecr-a-cluj-napoca-leconomie-de-linnovation-en-europe-la-technologie-la-fabrication-et-lavenir-dune-europe-competitive'>Panel ECR \u00e0 Cluj-Napoca : L&rsquo;\u00e9conomie de l&rsquo;innovation en Europe : La technologie, la fabrication et l&rsquo;avenir d&rsquo;une Europe comp\u00e9titive<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/laccord-turnberry-et-la-fragilite-des-relations-transatlantiques-le-role-strategique-de-lunion-europeenne'>L&rsquo;accord Turnberry et la fragilit\u00e9 des relations transatlantiques : Le r\u00f4le strat\u00e9gique de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/tradition-et-renouveau-au-theatre'>Tradition et renouveau au th\u00e9\u00e2tre<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katowice, Kattowitz, Stalin\u00f3grod<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J&rsquo;ai visit\u00e9 la Pologne \u00e0 de nombreuses reprises et, \u00e0 la fin du mois de mai 2026, je m&rsquo;y suis retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 nouveau, dans la ville sil\u00e9sienne de Katowice. C&rsquo;est une ville agr\u00e9able de taille moyenne, avec de nombreux b\u00e2timents orn\u00e9s du XIXe si\u00e8cle dans le centre. Son histoire compliqu\u00e9e illustre les ravages de l&rsquo;Europe centrale. Longtemps partie du royaume de Pologne, la Sil\u00e9sie est pass\u00e9e aux Habsbourg en 1526 et a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie par la Prusse en 1742. Par la suite, Katowice, rebaptis\u00e9e Kattowitz, est devenue une ville allemande et s&rsquo;est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e rapidement au XIXe si\u00e8cle, gr\u00e2ce aux gisements de charbon situ\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de l&rsquo;Allemagne lors de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, la population de Haute-Sil\u00e9sie devait d\u00e9cider, lors d&rsquo;un pl\u00e9biscite, de rester en Allemagne ou de rejoindre le nouvel \u00c9tat polonais. Alors que Katowice vota massivement pour l&rsquo;Allemagne, les districts ruraux environnants opt\u00e8rent pour la Pologne, ce qui fit de ces deux r\u00e9gions et d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gions voisines une province polonaise semi-autonome dot\u00e9e de son propre parlement. La ville est progressivement devenue majoritairement polonaise. Sous le r\u00e9gime communiste, Katowice a \u00e9t\u00e9 rebaptis\u00e9e Stalin\u00f3grod en 1953, mais a retrouv\u00e9 son nom d&rsquo;origine en 1956.        <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;\u00e9pitom\u00e9 du mal : Auschwitz<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deux lieux pr\u00e8s de Katowice symbolisent le pire et le meilleur de l&rsquo;histoire europ\u00e9enne. Auschwitz (O\u015bwi\u0119cim) se trouve \u00e0 36 km au sud de la ville et fut le site du camp d&rsquo;extermination le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre des nazis. Plus de 1,1 million de personnes y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9es, principalement des Juifs. C&rsquo;est un lieu qui ne laisse aucun visiteur indiff\u00e9rent. Certains survivants ont \u00e9crit des r\u00e9cits poignants sur leurs exp\u00e9riences. Primo Levi a observ\u00e9 que les monstres humains existaient, mais qu&rsquo;ils \u00e9taient trop peu nombreux pour \u00eatre dangereux ; les hommes ordinaires, pr\u00eats \u00e0 ob\u00e9ir et \u00e0 agir sans poser de questions, \u00e9taient plus dangereux. Elie Wiesel a fait remarquer qu&rsquo;oublier les victimes revenait \u00e0 les tuer une seconde fois.      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;incarnation de la culture : Cracovie<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cracovie, \u00e0 85 km \u00e0 l&rsquo;est de Katowice, est en revanche une magnifique ville europ\u00e9enne, incarnation de la culture et du commerce. Capitale de la Pologne jusqu&rsquo;en 1596, elle s&rsquo;enorgueillit de nombreuses \u00e9glises magnifiques, de la plus grande place de march\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale d&rsquo;Europe et de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 Jagellon, fond\u00e9e en 1364. Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, une \u00e9cole d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie a prosp\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9, inspir\u00e9e par les lib\u00e9raux \u00e9conomiques autrichiens Carl Menger, Eugen von B\u00f6hm-Bawerk et Ludwig von Mises. Cette \u00e9cole \u00e9tait favorable au libre-\u00e9change, \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et \u00e0 un gouvernement limit\u00e9, les trois piliers de la civilisation occidentale.   <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enfant, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 fascin\u00e9 par un chapitre sur le h\u00e9ros national polonais Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko dans un recueil d&rsquo;essais, The Torch of Freedom : Vingt exil\u00e9s de l&rsquo;histoire, publi\u00e9 en islandais en 1945 (Kyndill frelsisins). L&rsquo;auteur, le po\u00e8te du XXe si\u00e8cle J\u00f3zef Wittlin, y d\u00e9crit la participation de Ko\u015bciuszko \u00e0 la guerre d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, sa lutte [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":56594,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2533],"tags":[3227,585,1236,242,1155],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[2561,2568],"types":[2570],"class_list":["post-56882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-fr","tag-bolshevism","tag-culture","tag-nazism","tag-poland","tag-trade","regions-central-europe-fr","regions-world-fr","types-opinion-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Enfant, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 fascin\u00e9 par un chapitre sur le h\u00e9ros national polonais Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko dans un recueil d&rsquo;essais, The Torch of Freedom : Vingt exil\u00e9s de l&rsquo;histoire, publi\u00e9 en islandais en 1945 (Kyndill frelsisins). L&rsquo;auteur, le po\u00e8te du XXe si\u00e8cle J\u00f3zef Wittlin, y d\u00e9crit la participation de Ko\u015bciuszko \u00e0 la guerre d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, sa lutte [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1592\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HHGConferences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5\"},\"headline\":\"Lettre de Katowice\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\"},\"wordCount\":838,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bolshevism\",\"culture\",\"Nazism\",\"poland\",\"trade\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\",\"name\":\"Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1592,\"caption\":\"Katowice, Poland - 02 February 2020: Beautiful architecture of City Katowice in Poland\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/home\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lettre de Katowice\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\",\"name\":\"The Conservative\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5\",\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b34f276b6474dfca32871d1defaa3703e4969d4d69ff8b5a2542fc232dc85a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b34f276b6474dfca32871d1defaa3703e4969d4d69ff8b5a2542fc232dc85a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\"},\"description\":\"Born in 1953. D. Phil. Politics Oxford 1985. Professor of Politics 1988\u20132023. Professor Emeritus since 2023. Member of the Board of Directors Mont Pelerin Society 1998\u20132004. Member of the Board of Overseers Central Bank of Iceland 2001\u20132009. Visiting Scholar, Hoover Institution and many universities.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/HHGConferences\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_H\u00f3lmsteinn_Gissurarson\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/author\/hannes-eunat-2025-26\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative","og_description":"Enfant, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 fascin\u00e9 par un chapitre sur le h\u00e9ros national polonais Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko dans un recueil d&rsquo;essais, The Torch of Freedom : Vingt exil\u00e9s de l&rsquo;histoire, publi\u00e9 en islandais en 1945 (Kyndill frelsisins). L&rsquo;auteur, le po\u00e8te du XXe si\u00e8cle J\u00f3zef Wittlin, y d\u00e9crit la participation de Ko\u015bciuszko \u00e0 la guerre d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine, sa lutte [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice","og_site_name":"The Conservative","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","article_published_time":"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1592,"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hannes Gissurarson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HHGConferences","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Hannes Gissurarson","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice"},"author":{"name":"Hannes Gissurarson","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5"},"headline":"Lettre de Katowice","datePublished":"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice"},"wordCount":838,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg","keywords":["Bolshevism","culture","Nazism","poland","trade"],"articleSection":["Culture"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice","name":"Lettre de Katowice - The Conservative","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg","datePublished":"2026-05-31T21:43:56+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/katowice.shutterstock_2583176901-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1592,"caption":"Katowice, Poland - 02 February 2020: Beautiful architecture of City Katowice in Poland"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/lettre-de-katowice#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/home"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lettre de Katowice"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#website","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr","name":"The Conservative","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5","name":"Hannes Gissurarson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b34f276b6474dfca32871d1defaa3703e4969d4d69ff8b5a2542fc232dc85a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5b34f276b6474dfca32871d1defaa3703e4969d4d69ff8b5a2542fc232dc85a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hannes Gissurarson"},"description":"Born in 1953. D. Phil. Politics Oxford 1985. Professor of Politics 1988\u20132023. Professor Emeritus since 2023. Member of the Board of Directors Mont Pelerin Society 1998\u20132004. Member of the Board of Overseers Central Bank of Iceland 2001\u20132009. Visiting Scholar, Hoover Institution and many universities.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hannes1953\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/hannes-gissurarson-90485239\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HHGConferences","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hannes_H\u00f3lmsteinn_Gissurarson"],"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/author\/hannes-eunat-2025-26"}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56882"},{"taxonomy":"editorial-positions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/editorial-positions?post=56882"},{"taxonomy":"regions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regions?post=56882"},{"taxonomy":"types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types?post=56882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}