{"id":60865,"date":"2026-08-02T07:55:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T07:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/plus-de-polemique-que-de-substance-a-lapproche-du-referendum-islandais"},"modified":"2026-08-02T07:55:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T07:55:41","slug":"plus-de-polemique-que-de-substance-a-lapproche-du-referendum-islandais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/plus-de-polemique-que-de-substance-a-lapproche-du-referendum-islandais","title":{"rendered":"Plus de pol\u00e9mique que de substance \u00e0 l&rsquo;approche du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum islandais"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le 29 ao\u00fbt 2026, un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum aura lieu sur l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion de l&rsquo;Islande \u00e0 l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne. Les \u00e9lecteurs seront invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se prononcer sur la reprise des n\u00e9gociations d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion, qui avaient d\u00e9but\u00e9 avec la candidature de l&rsquo;Islande en 2009 et avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendues en 2013. L\u2019Islande est, avec la Norv\u00e8ge et le Liechtenstein, membre de l\u2019Espace \u00e9conomique europ\u00e9en depuis 1994. Son adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019EEE lui donne acc\u00e8s au march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur europ\u00e9en, tout en lui permettant de conserver le contr\u00f4le de ses secteurs de la p\u00eache, de l\u2019agriculture, du commerce ext\u00e9rieur, des affaires mon\u00e9taires et de la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re. La question qui se pose d\u00e9sormais est de savoir pourquoi l\u2019Islande devrait quitter l\u2019EEE pour rejoindre l\u2019UE, d\u2019autant plus que ce pays est nettement plus prosp\u00e8re que la moyenne des pays de l\u2019UE.    <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum porte sur l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les partisans de l\u2019UE affirment que le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum ne porte pas sur l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019UE, mais sur la d\u00e9finition des conditions dans lesquelles l\u2019Islande pourrait adh\u00e9rer, par exemple les d\u00e9rogations permanentes (opt-outs) dont elle pourrait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier par rapport au cadre juridique de l\u2019UE. Les opposants \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion r\u00e9torquent que, bien s\u00fbr, le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum porte bel et bien sur l\u2019adh\u00e9sion : il s\u2019agit de renouveler la demande de 2009 et de relancer le processus de candidature. L\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019UE n\u2019est pas un buffet o\u00f9 l\u2019on peut choisir \u00e0 sa guise. Si un pays pr\u00e9sente sa candidature, c\u2019est parce qu\u2019il a la ferme intention de devenir membre. Les n\u00e9gociations d\u2019adh\u00e9sion consistent \u00e0 aligner syst\u00e9matiquement le cadre juridique de l\u2019\u00c9tat candidat sur celui de l\u2019UE, <em>l\u2019acquis communautaire<\/em>. Elles ne portent que partiellement sur des d\u00e9rogations temporaires et des cas particuliers.     <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/deux-etrangers-qui-ont-sauve-lislande'>Deux \u00e9trangers qui ont sauv\u00e9 l&rsquo;Islande<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/trois-modeles-pour-lue'>Trois mod\u00e8les pour l&rsquo;UE<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/le-fonds-souverain-national-italien-une-nouvelle-strategie-pour-stimuler-la-croissance-et-favoriser-les-investissements-a-long-terme'>Le Fonds souverain national italien : une nouvelle strat\u00e9gie pour stimuler la croissance et favoriser les investissements \u00e0 long terme<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;Islande aurait adopt\u00e9 environ 35 % du cadre juridique de l&rsquo;UE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les partisans de l\u2019UE font valoir que l\u2019Islande est d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00ab \u00e0 plus de moiti\u00e9 membre \u00bb de l\u2019UE, car elle a adopt\u00e9 environ 70 % du cadre juridique de l\u2019UE, y compris les directives, les r\u00e8glements et les lois, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019EEE. Les opposants \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion r\u00e9torquent que cela n\u2019est pas tout \u00e0 fait exact. Sur l\u2019ensemble du cadre juridique de l\u2019UE, on estime qu\u2019environ la moiti\u00e9 concerne le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur. Cela sugg\u00e8re que l\u2019Islande n\u2019a adopt\u00e9 qu\u2019environ 35 % du cadre juridique de l\u2019UE. De plus, en tant que membre de l\u2019EEE, l\u2019Islande n\u2019est pas tenue d\u2019adopter toutes les directives de l\u2019UE. En cas de d\u00e9saccord entre l\u2019Islande et l\u2019UE sur une telle question, c\u2019est \u00e0 une juridiction sp\u00e9ciale qu\u2019il revient de trancher (la Cour de l\u2019AELE).     <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&rsquo;Islande n&rsquo;aurait qu&rsquo;une influence n\u00e9gligeable au sein de l&rsquo;UE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les partisans de l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019UE font valoir que l\u2019Islande devrait y adh\u00e9rer car elle aurait alors son mot \u00e0 dire dans le processus d\u00e9cisionnel de l\u2019UE. Les opposants \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion soulignent que le r\u00f4le de l\u2019Islande au sein de l\u2019UE serait n\u00e9gligeable. Elle disposerait de 6 si\u00e8ges sur 276 au Parlement, soit 0,8 %. Elle disposerait de 0,1 % des voix pond\u00e9r\u00e9es au Conseil europ\u00e9en. Elle compterait un commissaire sur 28 et un juge sur 28 \u00e0 la Cour de justice de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, tous deux \u00e9tant tenus de prendre leurs d\u00e9cisions en toute ind\u00e9pendance par rapport \u00e0 leur pays d\u2019origine.    <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La gestion des p\u00eaches serait transf\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 Bruxelles<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les partisans de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;UE affirment que l&rsquo;Islande conserverait le contr\u00f4le de ses <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.br\/books?id=j-p8CwAAQBAJ\">p\u00eacheries<\/a> rentables et durables, fond\u00e9es sur des droits de p\u00eache d\u00e9tenus par des particuliers. Les opposants \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion invoquent le r\u00e8glement (UE) <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2013\/1380\/oj\/eng\">n\u00b0 1380\/2013<\/a> relatif \u00e0 la politique commune de la p\u00eache, en vertu duquel (art. 5) les navires de p\u00eache de l\u2019Union devraient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un acc\u00e8s \u00e9gal \u00e0 toutes les eaux de l\u2019Union, \u00e0 l\u2019exception des eaux situ\u00e9es dans un rayon de 12 milles, sur lesquelles les \u00c9tats membres exercent un contr\u00f4le temporaire. Ils conc\u00e8dent que l\u2019UE autoriserait probablement les Islandais \u00e0 continuer de p\u00eacher au sein de leur zone \u00e9conomique exclusive (ZEE) existante de 200 milles afin de garantir une relative stabilit\u00e9. Toutefois, il ne s\u2019agirait pas d\u2019un droit, mais plut\u00f4t d\u2019un geste de bonne volont\u00e9 de la part de l\u2019UE, qui pourrait \u00eatre r\u00e9voqu\u00e9 \u00e0 tout moment.   <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Islande est assur\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis, et non par l&rsquo;UE<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les partisans de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;UE font valoir que l&rsquo;Islande doit trouver refuge en Europe face \u00e0 l&rsquo;incertitude croissante qui r\u00e8gne dans l&rsquo;Atlantique Nord. Les opposants \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion soulignent que l\u2019Islande a conclu un <a href=\"https:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/ice001.asp\">trait\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense<\/a> avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, un pays dont la puissance militaire est incomparablement sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ensemble des pays de l\u2019UE r\u00e9unis. Ils estiment qu\u2019il est peu probable que les \u00c9tats-Unis r\u00e9silient ce trait\u00e9, \u00e0 moins, bien s\u00fbr, que l\u2019Islande ne devienne membre de l\u2019\u00c9tat f\u00e9d\u00e9ral europ\u00e9en envisag\u00e9 par les bureaucrates de Bruxelles.  <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 29 ao\u00fbt 2026, un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum aura lieu sur l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion de l&rsquo;Islande \u00e0 l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne. Les \u00e9lecteurs seront invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se prononcer sur la reprise des n\u00e9gociations d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion, qui avaient d\u00e9but\u00e9 avec la candidature de l&rsquo;Islande en 2009 et avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendues en 2013. L\u2019Islande est, avec la Norv\u00e8ge et le Liechtenstein, membre de l\u2019Espace [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":60314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2546,2575],"tags":[540,3388,599,72,467],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[2563,2568],"types":[2570],"class_list":["post-60865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essais","category-le-monde","tag-fisheries","tag-european-economic-area","tag-european-union","tag-iceland","tag-security","regions-northern-europe-fr","regions-world-fr","types-opinion-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Plus de pol\u00e9mique que de substance \u00e0 l&#039;approche du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum islandais - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/fr\/plus-de-polemique-que-de-substance-a-lapproche-du-referendum-islandais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plus de pol\u00e9mique que de substance \u00e0 l&#039;approche du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum islandais - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 29 ao\u00fbt 2026, un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum aura lieu sur l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion de l&rsquo;Islande \u00e0 l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne. Les \u00e9lecteurs seront invit\u00e9s \u00e0 se prononcer sur la reprise des n\u00e9gociations d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion, qui avaient d\u00e9but\u00e9 avec la candidature de l&rsquo;Islande en 2009 et avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendues en 2013. 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D. Phil. Politics Oxford 1985. Professor of Politics 1988\u20132023. Professor Emeritus since 2023. Member of the Board of Directors Mont Pelerin Society 1998\u20132004. Member of the Board of Overseers Central Bank of Iceland 2001\u20132009. 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