{"id":37133,"date":"2024-12-31T06:23:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/willmoore-kendall-o-jednakosti"},"modified":"2024-12-31T06:23:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:23:10","slug":"willmoore-kendall-o-jednakosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/hr\/willmoore-kendall-o-jednakosti","title":{"rendered":"Willmoore Kendall o jednakosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

U kratkom eseju objavljenom u zimu 1964.-1965. pod nazivom \u201cJednakost i ameri\u010dka politi\u010dka tradicija\u201d, veliki konzervativni filozof Willmoore Kendall raspravlja o pitanju jednakosti u Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama. On priznaje da Deklaracija o neovisnosti iznosi, kao prvu od istina koju ljudi u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama smatraju samoo\u010diglednom, tvrdnju da su \u201csvi ljudi stvoreni jednaki\u201d. Me\u0111utim, takvo prividno pravo na jednakost ima prvu slabost. Tvrdnja “svi su ljudi stvoreni jednaki”, \u010dak iu trenutku kada je izgovorena, zna\u010dila je sasvim razli\u010dite stvari razli\u010ditim osobama. Barem, prof. Kendall identificira \u0161est razli\u010ditih zna\u010denja. Nekima je to samo zna\u010dilo da su svi ljudi stvoreni jednaki u Bo\u017ejim o\u010dima. Za druge je to zna\u010dilo da su svi ljudi stvoreni s jednakim pravom na pravdu prema postoje\u0107im zakonima. Za drugu skupinu izra\u017eavala je nadu – i samo nadu – da \u0107e republika koja \u0107e se formirati biti zemlja, prva zemlja od svih zemalja ikada i bilo gdje, u kojoj \u0107e ljudi postati<\/em> jednaki, to jest posti\u0107i jednakost koji su ponizni i obespravljeni ljudi \u010desto sanjali snove koje su drugi ljudi nazivali utopijskim. \u010cetvrto tuma\u010denje dopu\u0161talo je nadu da \u0107e SAD biti zemlja u kojoj \u0107e nejednakosti me\u0111u ljudima biti manje o\u010digledne, manje intimno povezane s onim \u0161to nazivamo nesretnim slu\u010dajem ro\u0111enja, manje je vjerojatno da \u0107e se prenijeti na budu\u0107e generacije. Ali ipak bi moglo postojati daljnje razli\u010dito tuma\u010denje, naime, nada da \u0107e nova republika biti ona u kojoj \u0107e mu\u0161karci – bijelci i samo mu\u0161karci, a ne \u017eene – jednako glasovati barem na nekim izborima za javne du\u017enosti. Ili, kao \u0161esta mogu\u0107nost, nada da \u0107e SAD biti zemlja u kojoj \u0107e vlada, odnosno politi\u010dka vlast, poduzeti korake da ljude u\u010dini ravnopravnima; barem, prof. Kendall to navodi kao mogu\u0107nost, mo\u017eda samo kao hipotezu, budu\u0107i da se svodi na komunizam. Jo\u0161 uvijek, naravno, mo\u017ee postojati vi\u0161e kombinacija prvog. Pa ipak, javlja se drugi problem kada se takva dvosmislena jednakost smatra pravom: tvorci filadelfijskog ustava nisu spomenuli proklamirani prijedlog Deklaracije o neovisnosti. A to nije u\u010dinjeno \u010dak ni u Preambuli, gdje zastaju kako bi nabrojali svrhe za koje narod SAD-a zare\u0111uje i uspostavlja takav Ustav: savr\u0161eniju uniju, i blagoslove slobode i pravde, izme\u0111u ostalog – ali bez traga o jednakosti. \u0160tovi\u0161e, kada je Madison, tijekom prve sjednice Kongresa, napisao Bill of Rights, tako\u0111er je propustio spomenuti jednakost. Tako prof. Kendall zaklju\u010duje da je ideja jednakosti nestala iz glavnih politi\u010dkih dokumenata Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava nakon Deklaracije o neovisnosti. Ponovno se pojavio nakon gra\u0111anskog rata u \u010detrnaestom amandmanu, vra\u0107aju\u0107i rije\u010d “jednak” u politi\u010dki vokabular nacije. Ali izri\u010dito se odnosi na “jednaku za\u0161titu zakona”, \u0161to zauzvrat mo\u017ee zna\u010diti bilo koju od dvije alternative. S jedne strane, mo\u017ee se tuma\u010diti kao davanje svim ljudima prava na jednaku za\u0161titu postoje\u0107ih zakona; s druge strane, svi ljudi mogu imati pravo na zakone koji svakome zapravo daju jednaku za\u0161titu. Samo bi ovo drugo tuma\u010denje dalo \u010dovjeku pravo da ide na sud kako bi se zakon mogao proglasiti neustavnim jer je u suprotnosti s \u010detrnaestim amandmanom.<\/p>\n

Takvo tuma\u010denje dopu\u0161ta, prema prof. Kendallu, pravnu revoluciju pod vodstvom Vrhovnog suda protiv Kongresa i dr\u017eavnih zakonodavnih tijela. Vrhovni sud se prvo desetlje\u0107ima dr\u017eao prvog tuma\u010denja, ali je potom krenuo s revizijom i reinterpretacijom dr\u017eavnih zakona kako bi zapravo pru\u017eio jednaku za\u0161titu svima i zabranio diskriminaciju u korist jednih, a protiv drugih osoba. Unato\u010d tome, na\u0161 autor tvrdi da je takvo tuma\u010denje u suprotnosti – \u010dak implicitno ukida – Deseti amandman Ustava, koji zabranjuje federalnim vlastima da donose odluke o pravu glasa, obrazovanju ili vjeri, gdje o\u010dito mogu postojati pitanja o jednakosti. Izvor slike: Rowman & Littlefield <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U kratkom eseju objavljenom u zimu 1964.-1965. pod nazivom \u201cJednakost i ameri\u010dka politi\u010dka tradicija\u201d, veliki konzervativni filozof Willmoore Kendall raspravlja o pitanju jednakosti u Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama. On priznaje da Deklaracija o neovisnosti iznosi, kao prvu od istina koju ljudi u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama smatraju samoo\u010diglednom, tvrdnju da su \u201csvi ljudi stvoreni jednaki\u201d. Me\u0111utim, takvo prividno […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":36933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[185],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[369],"types":[450],"class_list":["post-37133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura-hr","regions-usa-hr","types-opinion-hr"],"yoast_head":"\nWillmoore Kendall o jednakosti - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/hr\/willmoore-kendall-o-jednakosti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Willmoore Kendall o jednakosti - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U kratkom eseju objavljenom u zimu 1964.-1965. pod nazivom \u201cJednakost i ameri\u010dka politi\u010dka tradicija\u201d, veliki konzervativni filozof Willmoore Kendall raspravlja o pitanju jednakosti u Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama. On priznaje da Deklaracija o neovisnosti iznosi, kao prvu od istina koju ljudi u Sjedinjenim Dr\u017eavama smatraju samoo\u010diglednom, tvrdnju da su \u201csvi ljudi stvoreni jednaki\u201d. 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