{"id":46903,"date":"2025-11-22T10:04:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T10:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025"},"modified":"2025-11-22T10:04:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T10:04:56","slug":"zelazna-dama-1925-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025","title":{"rendered":"\u017belazna dama, 1925-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Margaret Thatcher urodzi\u0142a si\u0119 13 pa\u017adziernika 1925 roku. Odpowiednio, brukselski think tank <a href=\"https:\/\/newdirection.online\">New Direction<\/a> \u015bwi\u0119tuje jej stulecie w Rzymie 11 grudnia, wr\u0119czaj\u0105c pierwsze nagrody Margaret Thatcher. Spotka\u0142em Thatcher przy kilku okazjach, takich jak kolacje organizowane przez Young Conservatives w Londynie i Heritage Foundation w Waszyngtonie, a tak\u017ce na przyj\u0119ciach koktajlowych w Izbie Lord\u00f3w w Pa\u0142acu Westminsterskim i w Ambasadzie Estonii w Londynie. Ale prawdziw\u0105 dyskusj\u0119 z ni\u0105 mia\u0142em okazj\u0119 odby\u0107 dopiero podczas kolacji w Londynie 5 pa\u017adziernika 2002 roku. Kiedy us\u0142ysza\u0142a, \u017ce pochodz\u0119 z Islandii, pogratulowa\u0142a mi, \u017ce m\u00f3j kraj nie jest cz\u0142onkiem Unii Europejskiej, wobec kt\u00f3rej stawa\u0142a si\u0119 coraz bardziej krytyczna. Doda\u0142a, \u017ce jednym z problem\u00f3w Unii Europejskiej jest to, \u017ce wielu ludzi na kontynencie nigdy nie zrozumia\u0142o brytyjskiej tradycji wolno\u015bci prawa. Thatcher by\u0142a przystojn\u0105 kobiet\u0105 \u015bredniego wzrostu, o p\u0142on\u0105cych, stalowoniebieskich oczach, nienagannie ubran\u0105 i z idealnie u\u0142o\u017conymi ciemnoblond w\u0142osami. Mia\u0142a siln\u0105 prezencj\u0119 i by\u0142a bardziej sk\u0142onna do m\u00f3wienia ni\u017c s\u0142uchania. Spo\u015br\u00f3d dw\u00f3ch znanych aktorek, kt\u00f3re wcieli\u0142y si\u0119 w jej posta\u0107 na ekranie, Gillian Anderson wygl\u0105da\u0142a bardziej jak ona, podczas gdy Meryl Streep lepiej uchwyci\u0142a jej publiczn\u0105 osobowo\u015b\u0107.        <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wolno\u015b\u0107 w \u015bwietle prawa<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uwaga Thatcher na temat angielskiej tradycji wolno\u015bci w ramach prawa by\u0142a g\u0142\u0119boka. Ograniczony rz\u0105d powoli rozwija\u0142 si\u0119 w Anglii, wraz z Magna Carta w 1215 roku, zwyci\u0119stwem parlamentu nad kr\u00f3lem w 1646 roku i bezkrwaw\u0105 rewolucj\u0105 w 1688 roku. Jednak na kontynencie kr\u00f3lowie przej\u0119li w\u0142adz\u0119 absolutn\u0105 w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci kraj\u00f3w, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci kr\u00f3l Francji Ludwik XIV. Angielski historyk George Macaulay Trevelyan poprosi\u0142 kiedy\u015b swoich czytelnik\u00f3w, aby przypuszczali, \u017ce walka mi\u0119dzy kr\u00f3lem a parlamentem w XVII wieku zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 inaczej. &#8222;Pr\u0105d europejskiej my\u015bli i praktyki, p\u0142yn\u0105cy mocno w kierunku despotyzmu, wci\u0105gn\u0105\u0142by Angli\u0119 w strumie\u0144&#8221; &#8211; napisa\u0142. &#8222;Anglia sta\u0142aby si\u0119 w\u00f3wczas jedynie peryferyjn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 systemu pa\u0144stwowego Europy&#8221;. P\u00f3\u017aniejsza rewolucja francuska z 1789 r. nie mia\u0142a na celu ograniczenia absolutnej w\u0142adzy kr\u00f3l\u00f3w, ale raczej przekazanie jej samozwa\u0144czym przedstawicielom ludu. Doprowadzi\u0142o to do terroru, dyktatury wojskowej i krwawych wojen napoleo\u0144skich. Otrze\u017awiaj\u0105ca jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c my\u015bl, \u017ce wiosn\u0105 1941 roku w Europie istnia\u0142o tylko sze\u015b\u0107 demokracji: Wielka Brytania, Irlandia, Islandia, Szwecja, Finlandia i Szwajcaria. Tylko Wielka Brytania walczy\u0142a z nazistami.        <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/ue-uruchamia-pelny-system-wjazdu-wyjazdu-cyfrowy-przeglad-kontroli-granicznych'>UE uruchamia pe\u0142ny system wjazdu\/wyjazdu: Cyfrowy przegl\u0105d kontroli granicznych<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/wlochy-pobily-cel-ue-w-zakresie-porzucania-nauki-piec-lat-wczesniej'>W\u0142ochy pobi\u0142y cel UE w zakresie porzucania nauki pi\u0119\u0107 lat wcze\u015bniej<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/walka-z-nielegalna-migracja-wlasnie-przybrala-nowy-znacznie-bardziej-zdecydowany-obrot'>Walka z nielegaln\u0105 migracj\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bnie przybra\u0142a nowy &#8211; znacznie bardziej zdecydowany &#8211; obr\u00f3t.<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Udane reformy<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thatcher by\u0142a studentk\u0105 Oxfordu, kiedy <a href=\"https:\/\/mises.org\/library\/book\/road-serfdom\"><em>Droga do podda\u0144stwa<\/em><\/a> Friedricha A. von Hayeka ukaza\u0142a si\u0119 w 1944 r. i wywar\u0142a na ni\u0105 ogromny wp\u0142yw. By\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c zapalon\u0105 czytelniczk\u0105 innych prac Hayeka. Wkr\u00f3tce po tym, jak zosta\u0142a wybrana na przewodnicz\u0105c\u0105 Partii Konserwatywnej w 1975 r., wzi\u0119\u0142a udzia\u0142 w spotkaniu w dziale badawczym partii. Kiedy jeden z uczestnik\u00f3w wspomnia\u0142 o &#8222;drodze \u015brodka&#8221;, si\u0119gn\u0119\u0142a do swojej teczki, wyj\u0119\u0142a <em>Konstytucj\u0119 wolno\u015bci<\/em> Hayeka, podnios\u0142a j\u0105, trzasn\u0119\u0142a ni\u0105 o st\u00f3\u0142 i wykrzykn\u0119\u0142a: &#8222;W to w\u0142a\u015bnie wierzymy&#8221;. Rzeczywi\u015bcie, kiedy Thatcher zosta\u0142a premierem w 1979 r., wdro\u017cy\u0142a ambitny i ostatecznie udany program stabilizacji, liberalizacji i prywatyzacji. Ujawni\u0142a bezrobocie, kt\u00f3re do tej pory by\u0142o ukryte w nierentownych firmach utrzymywanych przez rz\u0105dowe dotacje, &#8222;kapitalizm w namiocie tlenowym&#8221;, jak trafnie okre\u015bli\u0142 to Joseph Schumpeter. Jej idea\u0142em by\u0142a demokracja akcjonariatu, w kt\u00f3rej ka\u017cdy obywatel mia\u0142 sw\u00f3j udzia\u0142.     <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fortuna sprzyja odwa\u017cnym<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na pocz\u0105tku lat 80. studiowa\u0142em na Oxfordzie. Kiedy jeden z moich wyk\u0142adowc\u00f3w, filozof prawa Ronald Dworkin, podczas wyk\u0142adu obwini\u0142 j\u0105 za wzrost bezrobocia, podnios\u0142em r\u0119k\u0119 i zapyta\u0142em: &#8222;Ale czy bezrobocie w kr\u00f3tkim okresie nie wynika z nieelastycznego rynku pracy i czy nie zostanie zmniejszone w d\u0142u\u017cszej perspektywie przez wzrost gospodarczy?&#8221;. Dworkin odpowiedzia\u0142 z szerokim u\u015bmiechem: &#8222;Ale to trwa tak d\u0142ugo&#8221;. W rzeczywisto\u015bci wkr\u00f3tce potem gospodarka zacz\u0119\u0142a rosn\u0105\u0107, a bezrobocie spad\u0142o. Jak zauwa\u017cy\u0142 rzymski dramaturg Terencjusz, <em>Fortes fortuna adiuvat,<\/em> Fortuna sprzyja odwa\u017cnym.  <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Margaret Thatcher urodzi\u0142a si\u0119 13 pa\u017adziernika 1925 roku. Odpowiednio, brukselski think tank New Direction \u015bwi\u0119tuje jej stulecie w Rzymie 11 grudnia, wr\u0119czaj\u0105c pierwsze nagrody Margaret Thatcher. Spotka\u0142em Thatcher przy kilku okazjach, takich jak kolacje organizowane przez Young Conservatives w Londynie i Heritage Foundation w Waszyngtonie, a tak\u017ce na przyj\u0119ciach koktajlowych w Izbie Lord\u00f3w w Pa\u0142acu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":46733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[1000,1718,599,1080,915],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[361],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-46903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","tag-conservatism","tag-england","tag-european-union","tag-liberty","tag-thatcher","regions-western-europe-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u017belazna dama, 1925-2025 - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u017belazna dama, 1925-2025 - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Margaret Thatcher urodzi\u0142a si\u0119 13 pa\u017adziernika 1925 roku. 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Spotka\u0142em Thatcher przy kilku okazjach, takich jak kolacje organizowane przez Young Conservatives w Londynie i Heritage Foundation w Waszyngtonie, a tak\u017ce na przyj\u0119ciach koktajlowych w Izbie Lord\u00f3w w Pa\u0142acu [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-22T10:04:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Thatcher.shutterstock_2185227433-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HHGConferences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl#\/schema\/person\/57f9ac02d26987135183ffc3b91f4fbe\"},\"headline\":\"\u017belazna dama, 1925-2025\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-22T10:04:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\"},\"wordCount\":696,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Thatcher.shutterstock_2185227433-scaled.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Conservatism\",\"england\",\"European Union\",\"liberty\",\"Thatcher\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Kultura\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/zelazna-dama-1925-2025\",\"name\":\"\u017belazna dama, 1925-2025 - 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Odpowiednio, brukselski think tank New Direction \u015bwi\u0119tuje jej stulecie w Rzymie 11 grudnia, wr\u0119czaj\u0105c pierwsze nagrody Margaret Thatcher. 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