{"id":50217,"date":"2026-02-02T13:10:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T13:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/czy-zwolennicy-wolnosci-ida-we-wlasciwym-kierunku"},"modified":"2026-02-02T13:10:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T13:10:13","slug":"czy-zwolennicy-wolnosci-ida-we-wlasciwym-kierunku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/czy-zwolennicy-wolnosci-ida-we-wlasciwym-kierunku","title":{"rendered":"Czy zwolennicy wolno\u015bci id\u0105 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na spotkaniu <a href=\"https:\/\/montpelerin.org\/\">Mont Pelerin Society<\/a> w Marrakeszu w Maroku w dniach 7-10 pa\u017adziernika 2025 r. odby\u0142a si\u0119 debata mi\u0119dzy profesorem <a href=\"https:\/\/economics.gmu.edu\/people\/pboettke\">Peterem Boettke<\/a> z George Mason University w Wirginii a dr <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hoover.org\/profiles\/nils-karlson\">Nilsem Karlsonem<\/a> z Ratio Institute w Szwecji na temat: Czy liberalizm rozwija si\u0119 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku? Oczywi\u015bcie chodzi\u0142o o klasyczny liberalizm, ten Adama Smitha (przedstawiony tutaj), Edmunda Burke&#8217;a i Friedricha A. von Hayeka, a nie umiarkowany socjalizm, kt\u00f3ry wyst\u0119puje pod t\u0105 nazw\u0105 w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Uczestnicy spotka\u0144 MPS nie powinni cytowa\u0107 prelegent\u00f3w, wi\u0119c dodam tutaj w\u0142asne refleksje.  <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wyja\u015bnienie poj\u0119cia wolno\u015bci<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pierwszym zadaniem liberalnych uczonych jest wyja\u015bnienie, czym jest wolno\u015b\u0107. Jest to zawsze wolno\u015b\u0107 w ramach prawa. Poza prawem nie ma wolno\u015bci, ani w d\u017cungli, ani na bezludnej wyspie. Wolno\u015b\u0107 odnosi si\u0119 do chronionych przez prawo domen ka\u017cdego cz\u0142owieka. Tym samym zak\u0142ada pewien rodzaj r\u00f3wno\u015bci, a mianowicie r\u00f3wno\u015b\u0107 wobec prawa. Je\u015bli niekt\u00f3rzy ciesz\u0105 si\u0119 przywilejami prawnymi, kt\u00f3rych odmawia si\u0119 innym, na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli tylko m\u0119\u017cczy\u017ani mog\u0105 posiada\u0107 w\u0142asno\u015b\u0107, je\u015bli tylko synowie robotnik\u00f3w mog\u0105 by\u0107 przyjmowani na uniwersytety lub je\u015bli muzu\u0142manie musz\u0105 p\u0142aci\u0107 ni\u017csze podatki ni\u017c chrze\u015bcijanie (wszystkie przyk\u0142ady historyczne), wolno\u015b\u0107 niekt\u00f3rych zosta\u0142a ograniczona, odpowiednio kobiet, kapitalist\u00f3w i chrze\u015bcijan. Najbardziej klarowny opis r\u00f3wnej wolno\u015bci wszystkich znajduj\u0119 w pracach <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/herbert-spencer\">Herberta Spencera,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/michael-oakeshott\">Michaela Oakeshotta<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraserinstitute.org\/studies\/essential-robert-nozick\">Roberta Nozicka<\/a>.      <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dunska-tradycja-wolnosci'>Du\u0144ska tradycja wolno\u015bci<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dlaczego-nacjonalisci-powinni-wspierac-globalizacje'>Dlaczego nacjonali\u015bci powinni wspiera\u0107 globalizacj\u0119<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/islandzka-tradycja-wolnosci'>Islandzka tradycja wolno\u015bci<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uczynienie niewidzialnej r\u0119ki widoczn\u0105<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drugim zadaniem jest uwidocznienie niewidzialnej r\u0119ki. Libera\u0142owie musz\u0105 wyja\u015bni\u0107, \u017ce wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 d\u00f3br mo\u017ce by\u0107 wytwarzana przez jednostki handluj\u0105ce na wolnym rynku i \u017ce prywatne d\u0105\u017cenie do zysku cz\u0119sto le\u017cy w interesie publicznym. Prawdopodobnie jedynymi prawdziwie publicznymi dobrami s\u0105 obrona oraz prawo i porz\u0105dek, a to ostatnie dobro mo\u017ce by\u0107 przynajmniej cz\u0119\u015bciowo wytwarzane prywatnie (pami\u0119tajmy o ogrodzeniach, zamkach, systemach alarmowych, kamerach bezpiecze\u0144stwa, portierach, stra\u017cnikach i radach arbitra\u017cowych). We\u017amy pod uwag\u0119 latarni\u0119 morsk\u0105. Kiedy\u015b by\u0142a podr\u0119cznikowym przyk\u0142adem tego, co rz\u0105d musia\u0142 zapewni\u0107, poniewa\u017c oferowana us\u0142uga nie mog\u0142a by\u0107 wyceniona. Ronald Coase <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.cit.cornell.edu\/econ335\/out\/lighthouse.pdf\">wykaza\u0142<\/a> jednak, \u017ce w rzeczywisto\u015bci us\u0142ugi latarni morskich zosta\u0142y wycenione jako sk\u0142adnik op\u0142at portowych. Najlepsze wyja\u015bnienia koordynacji bez nakaz\u00f3w znajduj\u0119 u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/bios\/Smith.html\">Adama Smitha<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/friedrich-august-von-hayek\">Friedricha A. von Hayeka<\/a> (kt\u00f3ry za\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 Mont Pelerin Society w 1947 r.).      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ujawnianie koszt\u00f3w rz\u0105d\u00f3w<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trzecim zadaniem jest ujawnienie rzeczywistych koszt\u00f3w interwencji rz\u0105du. Ustawa o p\u0142acy minimalnej prowadzi do znikni\u0119cia miejsc pracy, kt\u00f3re p\u0142ac\u0105 mniej ni\u017c p\u0142aca minimalna, uderzaj\u0105c tym samym w najbardziej wra\u017cliw\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 si\u0142y roboczej: nastolatk\u00f3w i niewykwalifikowanych pracownik\u00f3w. Kontrola czynsz\u00f3w zmniejsza poda\u017c mieszka\u0144 na wynajem. Prawdopodobnie zniszczy\u0142a wi\u0119cej dom\u00f3w ni\u017c bombardowania podczas II wojny \u015bwiatowej. Zakaz niemoralnych dzia\u0142a\u0144, takich jak za\u017cywanie uzale\u017cniaj\u0105cych narkotyk\u00f3w czy prostytucja, po prostu spycha je do podziemia i zach\u0119ca do tworzenia gang\u00f3w przest\u0119pczych. &#8222;Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret&#8221;. Wyp\u0119d\u017a Natur\u0119 wid\u0142ami, a zaraz wr\u00f3ci. Wiele innych regulacji ma podobne nieoczywiste negatywne skutki. Najlepsze argumenty przeciwko socjalizmowi i interwencjonizmowi znajduj\u0119 w pracach <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/pages\/mises-major-writings\">Ludwiga von Misesa<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/miltonfriedman.hoover.org\/collections\">Miltona Friedmana<\/a>, pomimo wielu dziel\u0105cych ich r\u00f3\u017cnic.       <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apelowanie do wyborc\u00f3w<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Te trzy zadania s\u0105 do wykonania przez naukowc\u00f3w. Mi\u0119dzynarodowa sie\u0107 instytucji badawczych <a href=\"https:\/\/atlasnetwork.org\/\">Atlas Network<\/a>, zainspirowana przez Hayeka, wykonuje doskona\u0142\u0105 prac\u0119, sugeruj\u0105c alternatywy dla interwencji rz\u0105du. Obawiam si\u0119 jednak, \u017ce pierwsze zadanie zosta\u0142o zaniedbane. Co wi\u0119cej, pomys\u0142y musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 wdro\u017cone, a konie znalezione do ci\u0105gni\u0119cia woz\u00f3w. Uwa\u017cam, \u017ce wrogo\u015b\u0107 niekt\u00f3rych klasycznych libera\u0142\u00f3w wobec nacjonalizmu i populizmu jest b\u0142\u0119dna. Nale\u017cy dokona\u0107 rozr\u00f3\u017cnienia mi\u0119dzy nieagresywnym nacjonalizmem, kt\u00f3ry stara si\u0119 chroni\u0107 i rozwija\u0107 dziedzictwo kulturowe narodu, a wojowniczym, ekspansjonistycznym nacjonalizmem. Wolny cz\u0142owiek potrzebuje poczucia przynale\u017cno\u015bci: cz\u0142onkostwa w spo\u0142eczno\u015bci, kt\u00f3ra nape\u0142nia go dum\u0105 i ambicj\u0105 oraz forum dla jego tw\u00f3rczych mocy. Nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c dokona\u0107 rozr\u00f3\u017cnienia mi\u0119dzy dobrym i z\u0142ym populizmem. Dobry populizm <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/blog\/ludwig-erhards-social-market-economy-a-liberal-not-a-social-democratic-concept\/\">Ludwiga Erharda<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reaganfoundation.org\/ronald-reagan\/the-presidency\/economic-policy\">Ronalda Reagana<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adamsmith.org\/blog\/creating-a-property-owning-democracy\">Margaret Thatcher<\/a> polega\u0142 na tworzeniu kapitalizmu ludowego i demokracji opartej na wsp\u00f3\u0142w\u0142asno\u015bci, podczas gdy z\u0142y populizm odwo\u0142uje si\u0119 do najni\u017cszych instynkt\u00f3w mas i pr\u00f3buje zmobilizowa\u0107 je przeciwko wyimaginowanym wrogom. Wino nie powinno by\u0107 definiowane przez pijaka, a populizm nie przez Hitlera.         <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na spotkaniu Mont Pelerin Society w Marrakeszu w Maroku w dniach 7-10 pa\u017adziernika 2025 r. odby\u0142a si\u0119 debata mi\u0119dzy profesorem Peterem Boettke z George Mason University w Wirginii a dr Nilsem Karlsonem z Ratio Institute w Szwecji na temat: Czy liberalizm rozwija si\u0119 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku? Oczywi\u015bcie chodzi\u0142o o klasyczny liberalizm, ten Adama Smitha (przedstawiony [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":49715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[175],"tags":[987,1080,1028,972,912],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[405],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-50217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eseje","tag-capitalism","tag-liberty","tag-nationalism","tag-populism","tag-socialism","regions-world-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Czy zwolennicy wolno\u015bci id\u0105 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku? - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/czy-zwolennicy-wolnosci-ida-we-wlasciwym-kierunku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Czy zwolennicy wolno\u015bci id\u0105 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku? - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na spotkaniu Mont Pelerin Society w Marrakeszu w Maroku w dniach 7-10 pa\u017adziernika 2025 r. odby\u0142a si\u0119 debata mi\u0119dzy profesorem Peterem Boettke z George Mason University w Wirginii a dr Nilsem Karlsonem z Ratio Institute w Szwecji na temat: Czy liberalizm rozwija si\u0119 we w\u0142a\u015bciwym kierunku? 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