{"id":51187,"date":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/islandzka-tradycja-wolnosci"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:11:26","slug":"islandzka-tradycja-wolnosci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/islandzka-tradycja-wolnosci","title":{"rendered":"Islandzka tradycja wolno\u015bci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Praktyka poprzedza teori\u0119, a Islandczycy praktykowali wolno\u015b\u0107 na d\u0142ugo przed tym, jak o niej pisali. Islandia zosta\u0142a zasiedlona w latach 874-930 przez Norweg\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych wielu odm\u00f3wi\u0142o zaakceptowania rz\u0105d\u00f3w pierwszego norweskiego kr\u00f3la, Harolda Fairhaira, kt\u00f3ry pozbawi\u0142 swoich poddanych dawnych wolno\u015bci i og\u0142osi\u0142, \u017ce ca\u0142a ziemia jest jego w\u0142asno\u015bci\u0105. W 930 r. Islandczycy ustanowili Wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 Narod\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ra nie by\u0142a rz\u0105dzona przez kr\u00f3la, ale przez zgromadzenie ludowe, Althing, kt\u00f3re spotyka\u0142o si\u0119 przez dwa tygodnie ka\u017cdego lata w Thingvellir (pokazane powy\u017cej na obrazie W.G. Collingwooda), aby rozstrzyga\u0107 spory prawne i zmienia\u0107 prawo. Jedynym urz\u0119dnikiem <a href=\"http:\/\/www.daviddfriedman.com\/Academic\/Iceland\/Iceland.html\">Wsp\u00f3lnoty Narod\u00f3w<\/a> by\u0142 m\u00f3wca, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 recytowa\u0107 jedn\u0105 trzeci\u0105 prawa ka\u017cdego roku przez okres trzech lat. Kraj by\u0142 podzielony na 39 wodzostw, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142y jako prywatne agencje ochrony. Ka\u017cdy rolnik m\u00f3g\u0142 wybiera\u0107 mi\u0119dzy wodzami w swoim regionie.     <\/p>\n<h3>Przyjaciele kr\u00f3la, nie poddani<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W latach dwudziestych XI wieku ksi\u0105dz Ari Uczony Thorgilsson napisa\u0142 kr\u00f3tk\u0105 histori\u0119 Islandii, w kt\u00f3rej opisa\u0142 konflikt mi\u0119dzy poganami a chrze\u015bcijanami podczas Althingu latem 1000 roku. Arbitrem zosta\u0142 wyznaczony prawodawca Thorgeir z Brightlake. Chocia\u017c by\u0142 poganinem, zdecydowa\u0142, \u017ce odt\u0105d Islandczycy powinni by\u0107 chrze\u015bcijanami. W swoim przem\u00f3wieniu do zgromadzenia podkre\u015bli\u0142, \u017ce Islandia by\u0142a wyj\u0105tkiem w\u015br\u00f3d kraj\u00f3w nordyckich, gdzie \u017caden kr\u00f3l nie opodatkowywa\u0142 swoich poddanych i nie prowadzi\u0142 wojny z innymi kr\u00f3lami. Ten sam temat pojawi\u0142 si\u0119 w relacji kronikarza Snorriego Sturlusona ze spotkania Althingu w 1024 roku. Wys\u0142annik kr\u00f3la Norwegii Olava Grubego pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 przekona\u0107 Islandczyk\u00f3w, by stali si\u0119 poddanymi kr\u00f3la. W s\u0142ynnym przem\u00f3wieniu rolnik Einar z Thvera powiedzia\u0142, \u017ce kr\u00f3l Olav Gruby mo\u017ce by\u0107 dobrym kr\u00f3lem, ale kr\u00f3lowie okazali si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni; niekt\u00f3rzy byli dobrzy, a inni \u017ali, wi\u0119c najlepiej nie mie\u0107 kr\u00f3la. Islandczycy powinni by\u0107 przyjaci\u00f3\u0142mi kr\u00f3la, a nie jego poddanymi.       <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/david-oddsson-in-memoriam'>Dav\u00edd Oddsson: In Memoriam<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/the-epstein-files-andrew-i-islandia-prawdziwa-historia'>The Epstein Files, Andrew i Islandia: Prawdziwa historia<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/argumenty-za-i-przeciw-islandii-w-ue'>Argumenty za i przeciw Islandii w UE<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3>Wezwania do niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Snorri Sturluson, kt\u00f3ry napisa\u0142 t\u0119 relacj\u0119 w latach dwudziestych XII wieku, bez w\u0105tpienia podziela\u0142 sw\u00f3j osobisty pogl\u0105d. W tym czasie kr\u00f3l Norwegii Haakon Stary pr\u00f3bowa\u0142, podobnie jak jego poprzednik dwa wieki wcze\u015bniej, przekona\u0107 Islandczyk\u00f3w, by stali si\u0119 jego poddanymi. W dzie\u0142ach Snorriego wyra\u017anie wyra\u017cone zosta\u0142y dwie staro\u017cytne germa\u0144skie zasady: rz\u0105d za zgod\u0105 i prawo do buntu. Zrozumia\u0142e, \u017ce kr\u00f3lowi Haakonowi si\u0119 to nie spodoba\u0142o i kaza\u0142 zabi\u0107 Snorriego w 1241 roku. Islandczycy w ko\u0144cu ulegli w 1262 r. kombinacji obietnic i gr\u00f3\u017ab kr\u00f3la Haakona i zgodzili si\u0119 na przymierze, na mocy kt\u00f3rego stali si\u0119 poddanymi kr\u00f3la, zachowuj\u0105c swoje prawa. Islandia by\u0142a zale\u017cna od kr\u00f3la norweskiego, a p\u00f3\u017aniej du\u0144skiego przez nast\u0119pne sze\u015b\u0107 wiek\u00f3w. Jednak w 1848 r. historyk Jon Sigurdsson wezwa\u0142 do niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci Islandii. By\u0142 pod wp\u0142ywem brytyjskich idei wolno\u015bci, wyartyku\u0142owanych przez Johna Locke&#8217;a i Adama Smitha, a tak\u017ce islandzkich sag, poemat\u00f3w i kronik.       <\/p>\n<h3>Trzech obro\u0144c\u00f3w wolno\u015bci w \u015bwietle prawa<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Po tym, jak Islandczycy uzyskali pe\u0142n\u0105 wolno\u015b\u0107 gospodarcz\u0105 dzi\u0119ki konstytucji w 1874 r., gospodarka zacz\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 rozwija\u0107, a rybo\u0142\u00f3wstwo zast\u0105pi\u0142o rolnictwo jako g\u0142\u00f3wny sektor gospodarczy kraju. Dw\u00f3ch najwybitniejszych obro\u0144c\u00f3w wolno\u015bci gospodarczej w XX wieku to Jon Thorlaksson i Olafur Bjornsson. Z wykszta\u0142cenia in\u017cynier, Jon zosta\u0142 politykiem i liderem konserwatywno-liberalnej Partii Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci, kt\u00f3ra by\u0142a zdecydowanie najwi\u0119ksz\u0105 parti\u0105 polityczn\u0105 Islandii. By\u0142 pod wp\u0142ywem szwedzkiego libera\u0142a gospodarczego Gustava Cassela, ale cz\u0119sto odwo\u0142ywa\u0142 si\u0119 tak\u017ce do staro\u017cytnej islandzkiej tradycji wolno\u015bci. Olafur by\u0142 profesorem ekonomii na Uniwersytecie Islandzkim, a tak\u017ce cz\u0142onkiem parlamentu z ramienia Partii Niepodleg\u0142o\u015bci. W m\u0142odo\u015bci by\u0142 socjalist\u0105, ale zmieni\u0142 swoje pogl\u0105dy po przeczytaniu prac Ludwiga von Misesa i Friedricha A. von Hayeka. Profesor prawa Sigurdur Lindal r\u00f3wnie\u017c pisa\u0142 obszernie o Islandzkiej Wsp\u00f3lnocie Narod\u00f3w i politycznych ideach Snorriego Sturlusona, podkre\u015blaj\u0105c islandzk\u0105 tradycj\u0119 wolno\u015bci. Tradycja ta jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c zawarta w niekt\u00f3rych instytucjach, takich jak zr\u00f3wnowa\u017cony i op\u0142acalny<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.br\/books\/about\/The_Icelandic_Fisheries.html?id=j-p8CwAAQBAJ\"> system<\/a> indywidualnych zbywalnych kwot w rybo\u0142\u00f3wstwie.       <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Praktyka poprzedza teori\u0119, a Islandczycy praktykowali wolno\u015b\u0107 na d\u0142ugo przed tym, jak o niej pisali. Islandia zosta\u0142a zasiedlona w latach 874-930 przez Norweg\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych wielu odm\u00f3wi\u0142o zaakceptowania rz\u0105d\u00f3w pierwszego norweskiego kr\u00f3la, Harolda Fairhaira, kt\u00f3ry pozbawi\u0142 swoich poddanych dawnych wolno\u015bci i og\u0142osi\u0142, \u017ce ca\u0142a ziemia jest jego w\u0142asno\u015bci\u0105. W 930 r. Islandczycy ustanowili Wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 Narod\u00f3w, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":51090,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[540,72,919,1080,2987],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[345],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-51187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","tag-fisheries","tag-iceland","tag-law","tag-liberty","tag-sagas","regions-northern-europe-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Islandzka tradycja wolno\u015bci - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/islandzka-tradycja-wolnosci\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Islandzka tradycja wolno\u015bci - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Praktyka poprzedza teori\u0119, a Islandczycy praktykowali wolno\u015b\u0107 na d\u0142ugo przed tym, jak o niej pisali. Islandia zosta\u0142a zasiedlona w latach 874-930 przez Norweg\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych wielu odm\u00f3wi\u0142o zaakceptowania rz\u0105d\u00f3w pierwszego norweskiego kr\u00f3la, Harolda Fairhaira, kt\u00f3ry pozbawi\u0142 swoich poddanych dawnych wolno\u015bci i og\u0142osi\u0142, \u017ce ca\u0142a ziemia jest jego w\u0142asno\u015bci\u0105. W 930 r. 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Islandia zosta\u0142a zasiedlona w latach 874-930 przez Norweg\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych wielu odm\u00f3wi\u0142o zaakceptowania rz\u0105d\u00f3w pierwszego norweskiego kr\u00f3la, Harolda Fairhaira, kt\u00f3ry pozbawi\u0142 swoich poddanych dawnych wolno\u015bci i og\u0142osi\u0142, \u017ce ca\u0142a ziemia jest jego w\u0142asno\u015bci\u0105. W 930 r. 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