{"id":56895,"date":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/list-z-katowic"},"modified":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T21:43:56","slug":"list-z-katowic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/list-z-katowic","title":{"rendered":"List z Katowic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jako dziecko by\u0142em zafascynowany rozdzia\u0142em po\u015bwi\u0119conym polskiemu bohaterowi narodowemu Tadeuszowi Ko\u015bciuszce w zbiorze esej\u00f3w <em>The Torch of Freedom: Dwudziestu wygna\u0144c\u00f3w historii<\/em>, opublikowanym po islandzku w 1945 roku (Kyndill frelsisins). Autor, dwudziestowieczny poeta J\u00f3zef Wittlin, opisa\u0142 udzia\u0142 Ko\u015bciuszki w ameryka\u0144skiej wojnie rewolucyjnej, jego walk\u0119 przeciwko rozbiorom Polski i pr\u00f3b\u0119 zniesienia pa\u0144szczyzny. Co ciekawe, w 1791 r. Polska przyj\u0119\u0142a liberaln\u0105 konstytucj\u0119, opart\u0105 na brytyjskiej tradycji politycznej i konstytucji ameryka\u0144skiej z 1789 r., jak zauwa\u017cy\u0142 jej g\u0142\u00f3wny autor, kr\u00f3l Stanis\u0142aw August. Ale wraz z trzecim rozbiorem, w 1795 roku, Polska zosta\u0142a wymazana z mapy. Nie mia\u0142a szcz\u0119\u015bcia do swoich s\u0105siad\u00f3w, Kr\u00f3lestwa Prus i Imperium Romanow\u00f3w, i dopiero po ich rozpadzie mog\u0142a sta\u0107 si\u0119 pa\u0144stwem narodowym. Czwarty rozbi\u00f3r Polski mia\u0142 miejsce w 1939 roku, kiedy nazi\u015bci Hitlera zaj\u0119li zachodni\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107, a bolszewicy Stalina wschodni\u0105.     <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ciemna strona ksi\u0119\u017cyca<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">27 wrze\u015bnia 1939 r. w islandzkiej gazecie komunista Halld\u00f3r Laxness (p\u00f3\u017aniejszy laureat literackiej Nagrody Nobla) pochwali\u0142 aneksj\u0119 wschodniej Polski przez Stalina, pisz\u0105c, \u017ce pi\u0119tna\u015bcie milion\u00f3w ludzi \u017cyj\u0105cych w \u015bredniowiecznym feudalizmie, s\u0142yn\u0105cych z brudnych i biednych ch\u0142op\u00f3w, &#8222;g\u0142adko przeskoczy\u0142o&#8221; do sowieckiej republiki robotnik\u00f3w i rolnik\u00f3w. Prawda by\u0142a zupe\u0142nie inna. Podczas gdy nazi\u015bci z pewno\u015bci\u0105 zachowywali si\u0119 z niewypowiedzianym okrucie\u0144stwem w swojej cz\u0119\u015bci Polski, jest mniej znane, \u017ce komuni\u015bci robili to samo w swojej cz\u0119\u015bci: zamordowali nie tylko 22 000 polskich oficer\u00f3w w 1940 roku, ale tak\u017ce deportowali 1,7 miliona ludzi na Syberi\u0119 i do Kazachstanu, jak opisano w dobrze napisanej ksi\u0105\u017cce opisanej przez islandzk\u0105 gazet\u0119 w 1946 roku, <em>Ciemna strona ksi\u0119\u017cyca <\/em>autorstwa Zoe Zajdlerowej.  <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/panel-ecr-w-kluz-napoka-innowacyjna-gospodarka-europy-technologia-produkcja-i-przyszlosc-konkurencyjnej-europy'>Panel ECR w Klu\u017c-Napoka: Innowacyjna gospodarka Europy: Technologia, produkcja i przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konkurencyjnej Europy<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/porozumienie-z-turnberry-i-kruchosc-stosunkow-transatlantyckich-strategiczna-rola-unii-europejskiej'>Porozumienie z Turnberry i krucho\u015b\u0107 stosunk\u00f3w transatlantyckich: Strategiczna rola Unii Europejskiej<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/tradycja-i-odnowa-w-teatrze'>Tradycja i odnowa w teatrze<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katowice, Katowice, Stalin\u00f3gr\u00f3d<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By\u0142em w Polsce wiele razy, a pod koniec maja 2026 roku znalaz\u0142em si\u0119 tam ponownie, w \u015bl\u0105skim mie\u015bcie Katowice. Jest to przyjemne miasto \u015bredniej wielko\u015bci z wieloma ozdobnymi XIX-wiecznymi budynkami w centrum. Jego skomplikowana historia ilustruje spustoszenia Europy \u015arodkowej. Przez d\u0142ugi czas nale\u017c\u0105cy do Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego, \u015al\u0105sk przeszed\u0142 w r\u0119ce Habsburg\u00f3w w 1526 roku i zosta\u0142 zaj\u0119ty przez Prusy w 1742 roku. Od tego czasu Katowice by\u0142y w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci niemieckim miastem, przemianowanym na Kattowitz, kt\u00f3re szybko rozwija\u0142o si\u0119 w XIX wieku, nap\u0119dzane przez pobliskie z\u0142o\u017ca w\u0119gla. Po kl\u0119sce Niemiec w I wojnie \u015bwiatowej ludno\u015b\u0107 G\u00f3rnego \u015al\u0105ska mia\u0142a zdecydowa\u0107 w plebiscycie, czy pozosta\u0107 w Niemczech, czy przy\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 si\u0119 do nowego pa\u0144stwa polskiego. Podczas gdy Katowice w przewa\u017caj\u0105cej wi\u0119kszo\u015bci g\u0142osowa\u0142y za Niemcami, okoliczne powiaty wiejskie opowiedzia\u0142y si\u0119 za Polsk\u0105, w wyniku czego te dwa i inne pobliskie regiony sta\u0142y si\u0119 p\u00f3\u0142autonomiczn\u0105 polsk\u0105 prowincj\u0105 z w\u0142asnym parlamentem. Miasto stopniowo stawa\u0142o si\u0119 w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci polskie. W czasach komunizmu Katowice zosta\u0142y przemianowane na Stalin\u00f3gr\u00f3d w 1953 roku, ale odzyska\u0142y swoj\u0105 pierwotn\u0105 nazw\u0119 w 1956 roku.        <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epitom z\u0142a: Auschwitz<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dwa miejsca w pobli\u017cu Katowic symbolizuj\u0105 to, co najgorsze i najlepsze w historii Europy. Auschwitz (O\u015bwi\u0119cim) le\u017cy 36 km na po\u0142udnie od miasta i by\u0142 miejscem najbardziej znanego nazistowskiego obozu zag\u0142ady. Zamordowano tam ponad 1,1 miliona ludzi, g\u0142\u00f3wnie \u017byd\u00f3w. Jest to miejsce, kt\u00f3re nie pozostawia odwiedzaj\u0105cego nietkni\u0119tym. Niekt\u00f3rzy z ocala\u0142ych napisali przejmuj\u0105co o swoich do\u015bwiadczeniach. Primo Levi zauwa\u017cy\u0142, \u017ce istnia\u0142y ludzkie potwory, ale by\u0142o ich zbyt ma\u0142o, by mog\u0142y by\u0107 niebezpieczne; bardziej niebezpieczni byli zwykli ludzie, gotowi do pos\u0142usze\u0144stwa i dzia\u0142ania bez zadawania pyta\u0144. Elie Wiesel zauwa\u017cy\u0142, \u017ce zapomnienie o ofiarach by\u0142o r\u00f3wnoznaczne z zabiciem ich po raz drugi.      <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uciele\u015bnienie kultury: Krak\u00f3w<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Krak\u00f3w, 85 km na wsch\u00f3d od Katowic, jest z kolei prawdziwie wspania\u0142ym europejskim miastem, uciele\u015bnieniem kultury i handlu. Stolica Polski do 1596 roku, szczyci si\u0119 wieloma wspania\u0142ymi ko\u015bcio\u0142ami, najwi\u0119kszym \u015bredniowiecznym rynkiem w Europie i Uniwersytetem Jagiello\u0144skim, za\u0142o\u017conym w 1364 roku. Na pocz\u0105tku XX wieku na Uniwersytecie rozkwit\u0142a szko\u0142a ekonomii, inspirowana austriackimi libera\u0142ami gospodarczymi Carlem Mengerem, Eugenem von B\u00f6hm-Bawerkiem i Ludwigiem von Misesem. Faworyzowa\u0142a ona wolny handel, w\u0142asno\u015b\u0107 prywatn\u0105 i ograniczony rz\u0105d, czyli trzy filary zachodniej cywilizacji.   <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jako dziecko by\u0142em zafascynowany rozdzia\u0142em po\u015bwi\u0119conym polskiemu bohaterowi narodowemu Tadeuszowi Ko\u015bciuszce w zbiorze esej\u00f3w The Torch of Freedom: Dwudziestu wygna\u0144c\u00f3w historii, opublikowanym po islandzku w 1945 roku (Kyndill frelsisins). Autor, dwudziestowieczny poeta J\u00f3zef Wittlin, opisa\u0142 udzia\u0142 Ko\u015bciuszki w ameryka\u0144skiej wojnie rewolucyjnej, jego walk\u0119 przeciwko rozbiorom Polski i pr\u00f3b\u0119 zniesienia pa\u0144szczyzny. Co ciekawe, w 1791 r. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":56596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[3227,585,1236,242,1155],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[325,405],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-56895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","tag-bolshevism","tag-culture","tag-nazism","tag-poland","tag-trade","regions-central-europe-pl","regions-world-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>List z Katowic - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/list-z-katowic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"List z Katowic - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jako dziecko by\u0142em zafascynowany rozdzia\u0142em po\u015bwi\u0119conym polskiemu bohaterowi narodowemu Tadeuszowi Ko\u015bciuszce w zbiorze esej\u00f3w The Torch of Freedom: Dwudziestu wygna\u0144c\u00f3w historii, opublikowanym po islandzku w 1945 roku (Kyndill frelsisins). Autor, dwudziestowieczny poeta J\u00f3zef Wittlin, opisa\u0142 udzia\u0142 Ko\u015bciuszki w ameryka\u0144skiej wojnie rewolucyjnej, jego walk\u0119 przeciwko rozbiorom Polski i pr\u00f3b\u0119 zniesienia pa\u0144szczyzny. Co ciekawe, w 1791 r. 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