{"id":60781,"date":"2026-08-01T17:14:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T17:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie"},"modified":"2026-08-01T17:14:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T17:14:17","slug":"dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie","title":{"rendered":"Dw\u00f3ch obcokrajowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy uratowali Islandi\u0119"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Niewiele os\u00f3b interesowa\u0142o si\u0119 Islandi\u0105 \u2013 ja\u0142ow\u0105 krain\u0105, kt\u00f3ra przez d\u0142ugi czas pozostawa\u0142a pod panowaniem du\u0144skim. Islandia mia\u0142a jednak kilku dobrych przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 za granic\u0105. Nale\u017celi do nich du\u0144ski erudyta Ole Worm (1588\u20131654), kt\u00f3ry uratowa\u0142 przed zniszczeniem wiele staro\u017cytnych islandzkich r\u0119kopis\u00f3w; du\u0144skiego kr\u00f3la Fryderyka VI (1843\u20131912), kt\u00f3ry szczerze pragn\u0105\u0142 uzna\u0107 Islandi\u0119 za suwerenne pa\u0144stwo; oraz lorda Daniela Hannana (ur. 1971), kt\u00f3ry elokwentnie broni\u0142 Islandii podczas kryzysu bankowego w 2008 roku. Przychodz\u0105 mi jednak na my\u015bl tylko dwie osoby z zagranicy, kt\u00f3rych dzia\u0142ania mia\u0142y kluczowe znaczenie dla Islandii w trudnych chwilach: brytyjski botanik <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.hakluyt.com\/sir-joseph-banks-iceland-and-the-north-atlantic-1772-1820\/\">sir Joseph Banks<\/a> (1743\u20131820) oraz szwajcarski prawnik dr <a href=\"https:\/\/baudenbacher.law\/members\/prof-dr-dr-carl-baudenbacher\/\">Carl Baudenbacher<\/a> (ur. 1947).   <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banki uratowa\u0142y Islandi\u0119 przed g\u0142odem<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W 1772 roku sir Joseph Banks sfinansowa\u0142 wypraw\u0119 na Islandi\u0119, gdzie wraz ze swoj\u0105 \u015bwit\u0105 wspi\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 na legendarny wulkan Hekla i bada\u0142 nie tylko faun\u0119 i flor\u0119 wyspy, ale tak\u017ce jej lodowce i gejzery. Banks odwiedzi\u0142 zast\u0119pc\u0119 gubernatora Islandii, \u00d3lafura Stephensena, i pozna\u0142 jego dziesi\u0119cioletniego syna, Magn\u00fasa. W Islandii Banksowi towarzyszy\u0142 rysownik John Cleveley Jr., kt\u00f3ry przedstawi\u0142 podr\u00f3\u017cnik\u00f3w schodz\u0105cych z Hekli (patrz powy\u017cej).  <\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/referendum-na-islandii-glosowanie-za-suwerennoscia-czy-za-ue'>Referendum na Islandii \u2013 g\u0142osowanie za suwerenno\u015bci\u0105 czy za UE?<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/znaczenie-swiat-narodowych'>Znaczenie \u015bwi\u0105t narodowych<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/tajny-uklad-z-brukselskimi-biurokratami'>Tajny uk\u0142ad z brukselskimi biurokratami?<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W 1807 roku Banks pe\u0142ni\u0142 funkcj\u0119 prezesa Kr\u00f3lewskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego oraz doradcy rz\u0105du brytyjskiego. W tym samym roku, w trakcie wojen napoleo\u0144skich, wybuch\u0142y dzia\u0142ania wojenne mi\u0119dzy Wielk\u0105 Brytani\u0105 a Dani\u0105. Kr\u00f3lewska Marynarka Wojenna patrolowa\u0142a p\u00f3\u0142nocny Atlantyk, aby egzekwowa\u0107 brytyjsk\u0105 blokad\u0119 kontynentu. Statki przybywaj\u0105ce jesieni\u0105 z Islandii by\u0142y przechwytywane, a ich za\u0142ogi i pasa\u017cerowie zatrzymywani. W\u015br\u00f3d pasa\u017cer\u00f3w znajdowa\u0142 si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wny s\u0119dzia Islandii, Magn\u00fas Stephensen. W ko\u0144cu dotar\u0142 do Kopenhagi, gdzie zda\u0142 sobie spraw\u0119, \u017ce Islandii mo\u017ce grozi\u0107 g\u0142\u00f3d, je\u015bli transport na wysp\u0119 i z niej zostanie wstrzymany na lata. Przypomnia\u0142 sobie angielskiego go\u015bcia, kt\u00f3rego spotka\u0142 jako ch\u0142opiec 35 lat wcze\u015bniej, sir Josepha Banksa, i napisa\u0142 do niego, opisuj\u0105c ich spotkanie oraz obecn\u0105 trudn\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 swoich rodak\u00f3w.      <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W kolejnych latach Banks uzyska\u0142 zezwolenie na \u017ceglug\u0119 statk\u00f3w do i z Islandii. Jego osobisty przyjaciel, kr\u00f3l Jerzy III, wyda\u0142 nawet w 1810 roku rozporz\u0105dzenie Rady Ministr\u00f3w, w kt\u00f3rym stwierdzono, \u017ce Islandczycy, cho\u0107 poddani kr\u00f3la du\u0144skiego, powinni by\u0107 traktowani jako przyjaciele. By\u0142 to prawdopodobnie dokument wyj\u0105tkowy w historii wojskowo\u015bci. W ten spos\u00f3b, dzi\u0119ki Banksowi, Islandia unikn\u0119\u0142a g\u0142odu, kt\u00f3ry dotkn\u0105\u0142 Norwegi\u0119 z powodu blokady, opisanego w s\u0142ynnym wierszu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oftebro.com\/Terje_Vigen_english.pdf\">\u201eTerje Vigen\u201d<\/a> autorstwa Henrika Ibsena.   <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baudenbacher uwolni\u0142 Islandi\u0119 z pu\u0142apki zad\u0142u\u017cenia<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Carl Baudenbacher pe\u0142ni\u0142 funkcj\u0119 prezesa Trybuna\u0142u EFTA w 2012 roku, kiedy to do Trybuna\u0142u trafi\u0142 sp\u00f3r mi\u0119dzy Islandi\u0105 z jednej strony a Wielk\u0105 Brytani\u0105 i Holandi\u0105 z drugiej. W pa\u017adzierniku 2008 r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stjornarradid.is\/lisalib\/getfile.aspx?itemid=29cca5ac-c0c6-11e8-942c-005056bc530c\">upad\u0142y trzy g\u0142\u00f3wne banki<\/a> Islandii. Jeden z nich, Landsbanki, gromadzi\u0142 depozyty w Wielkiej Brytanii i Holandii za po\u015brednictwem swojego oddzia\u0142u w Londynie, wi\u0119c za te depozyty odpowiedzialny by\u0142 islandzki Fundusz Gwarancji Depozyt\u00f3w. Instytucja ta dysponowa\u0142a jednak znikomymi \u015brodkami. Rz\u0105dy Wielkiej Brytanii i Holandii natychmiast zwr\u00f3ci\u0142y \u015brodki deponentom i przedstawi\u0142y rz\u0105dowi islandzkiemu rachunek w wysoko\u015bci czterech miliard\u00f3w euro wraz z odsetkami. By\u0142a to osza\u0142amiaj\u0105ca kwota jak na islandzkie standardy \u2013 po\u0142owa rocznego produktu krajowego brutto \u2013 a po doliczeniu odsetek by\u0142a jeszcze wy\u017csza.     <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rz\u0105d islandzki odrzuci\u0142 projekt ustawy, argumentuj\u0105c, \u017ce odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 spoczywa wy\u0142\u0105cznie na masie upad\u0142o\u015bciowej Landsbanki oraz Islandzkim Funduszu Depozytowym; \u017ce pa\u0144stwo islandzkie nie mo\u017ce by\u0107 poci\u0105gane do odpowiedzialno\u015bci za transakcje prywatne; oraz \u017ce przyj\u0119\u0142o wymagane ramy regulacyjne. Rz\u0105d brytyjski pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 zmusi\u0107 Islandi\u0119 do przyj\u0119cia odpowiedzialno\u015bci, nak\u0142adaj\u0105c na ni\u0105 przepisy ustawy antyterrorystycznej oraz blokuj\u0105c po\u017cyczk\u0119 z Mi\u0119dzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego. Wygl\u0105da\u0142o na to, \u017ce Islandia znajdzie si\u0119 w pu\u0142apce zad\u0142u\u017cenia, podobnie jak <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2025\/04\/1162406\">Haiti w 1825 roku<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-11442892\">Niemcy w 1919 roku<\/a>. Jednak pod przewodnictwem Baudenbachera S\u0105d EFTA orzek\u0142 na korzy\u015b\u0107 Islandii, opieraj\u0105c si\u0119 na solidnych <a href=\"https:\/\/eftacourt.int\/download\/16-11-judgment\/?wpdmdl=1260\">podstawach prawnych<\/a>. Ostatecznie masa upad\u0142o\u015bciowa Landsbanki w pe\u0142ni zrekompensowa\u0142a straty brytyjskim i holenderskim deponentom, ale odsetki by\u0142yby ogromne: Haiti sp\u0142aci\u0142o d\u0142ug dopiero w 1947 r., a Niemcy w 2010 r.    <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W Islandii Baudenbacher sta\u0142 si\u0119 bohaterem narodowym, podobnie jak przed nim Banks. 10 sierpnia 2026 roku Baudenbacher przyjedzie do Islandii, aby doradzi\u0107 Islandczykom w sprawie pozostania w EOG lub przyst\u0105pienia do UE. <\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Niewiele os\u00f3b interesowa\u0142o si\u0119 Islandi\u0105 \u2013 ja\u0142ow\u0105 krain\u0105, kt\u00f3ra przez d\u0142ugi czas pozostawa\u0142a pod panowaniem du\u0144skim. Islandia mia\u0142a jednak kilku dobrych przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 za granic\u0105. Nale\u017celi do nich du\u0144ski erudyta Ole Worm (1588\u20131654), kt\u00f3ry uratowa\u0142 przed zniszczeniem wiele staro\u017cytnych islandzkich r\u0119kopis\u00f3w; du\u0144skiego kr\u00f3la Fryderyka VI (1843\u20131912), kt\u00f3ry szczerze pragn\u0105\u0142 uzna\u0107 Islandi\u0119 za suwerenne pa\u0144stwo; oraz lorda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":60639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[175,2064],"tags":[3394,3395,3125,72,3393],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[345,361,405],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-60781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eseje","category-swiat","tag-bank-collapse","tag-deposit-guarantees","tag-great-britain","tag-iceland","tag-napoleonic-wars","regions-northern-europe-pl","regions-western-europe-pl","regions-world-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dw\u00f3ch obcokrajowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy uratowali Islandi\u0119 - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dw\u00f3ch obcokrajowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy uratowali Islandi\u0119 - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Niewiele os\u00f3b interesowa\u0142o si\u0119 Islandi\u0105 \u2013 ja\u0142ow\u0105 krain\u0105, kt\u00f3ra przez d\u0142ugi czas pozostawa\u0142a pod panowaniem du\u0144skim. Islandia mia\u0142a jednak kilku dobrych przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 za granic\u0105. Nale\u017celi do nich du\u0144ski erudyta Ole Worm (1588\u20131654), kt\u00f3ry uratowa\u0142 przed zniszczeniem wiele staro\u017cytnych islandzkich r\u0119kopis\u00f3w; du\u0144skiego kr\u00f3la Fryderyka VI (1843\u20131912), kt\u00f3ry szczerze pragn\u0105\u0142 uzna\u0107 Islandi\u0119 za suwerenne pa\u0144stwo; oraz lorda [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-01T17:14:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/BanksfromHekla1772.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1809\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1205\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HHGConferences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f846a1e867ea22696d18c11389594bf5\"},\"headline\":\"Dw\u00f3ch obcokrajowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy uratowali Islandi\u0119\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-01T17:14:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\"},\"wordCount\":765,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/BanksfromHekla1772.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bank Collapse\",\"Deposit Guarantees\",\"Great Britain\",\"Iceland\",\"Napoleonic Wars\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Eseje\",\"\u015awiat\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/dwoch-obcokrajowcow-ktorzy-uratowali-islandie\",\"name\":\"Dw\u00f3ch obcokrajowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy uratowali Islandi\u0119 - 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