{"id":63753,"date":"2026-09-10T09:17:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista"},"modified":"2026-09-10T09:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T09:17:56","slug":"w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista","title":{"rendered":"W czym nie jestem hayekist\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiedy po raz pierwszy przeczyta\u0142em  <a href=\"https:\/\/about.libertyfund.org\/collections\/the-collected-works-of-f-a-hayek\/\"><em>\u201eDroga do zniewolenia\u201d<\/em> Friedricha A. von Hayeka<\/a>, by\u0142em zafascynowany. Autor wyrazi\u0142 moje pogl\u0105dy znacznie lepiej, ni\u017c sam bym to potrafi\u0142: \u017ce narodowy socjalizm i komunizm to dwie ga\u0142\u0119zie tego samego drzewa; \u017ce centralne planowanie stopniowo doprowadzi do zniesienia wolno\u015bci jednostki; \u017ce zachodnia cywilizacja chrze\u015bcija\u0144ska jest zagro\u017cona przez totalitaryzm; oraz \u017ce wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 ludzi mo\u017ce si\u0119 rozwija\u0107 jedynie w wolnym spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie (z wyj\u0105tkiem, oczywi\u015bcie, b\u0142azna dworskiego i kilku s\u0142u\u017calczych artyst\u00f3w). Po uko\u0144czeniu studi\u00f3w z historii i filozofii na Uniwersytecie Islandzkim w 1981 roku wyjecha\u0142em na Uniwersytet Oksfordzki, aby napisa\u0107 prac\u0119 doktorsk\u0105 po\u015bwi\u0119con\u0105 Hayekowi pod kierunkiem  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/john.n.gray\/\">John N. Gray,<\/a>  kt\u00f3ry w tamtym czasie pisa\u0142 o tw\u00f3rczo\u015bci Hayeka.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201eNie stajcie si\u0119 hayekistami\u201d<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wiosn\u0105 1983 roku Gray zorganizowa\u0142 wizyt\u0119 Hayeka w Oksfordzie. Zorganizowa\u0142 przyj\u0119cie dla swojego go\u015bcia w Jesus College, gdzie by\u0142 wyk\u0142adowc\u0105 (patrz zdj\u0119cie powy\u017cej), a nast\u0119pnie on, ja oraz dwaj inni studenci zainteresowani klasycznym liberalizmem, <a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.smu.edu.sg\/profile\/chandran-kukathas-1946\">Chandran Kukathas<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/honors.missouri.edu\/about\/faculty-directory\/andrew-melnyk\/\">Andrew Melnyk<\/a>, zabrali\u015bmy Hayeka do chi\u0144skiej restauracji. Hayek by\u0142 w dobrym nastroju i d\u0142ugo rozmawia\u0142 o problemach filozoficznych i metodologicznych. Ca\u0142a tr\u00f3jka powiedzia\u0142a Hayekowi, \u017ce chcemy za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 ko\u0142o studenckie w Oksfordzie i zapytali\u015bmy, czy pozwoli nam nazwa\u0107 je Hayek Society. \u201eOczywi\u015bcie ciesz\u0119 si\u0119, \u017ce m\u0142odzi ludzie interesuj\u0105 si\u0119 moimi pracami, i z przyjemno\u015bci\u0105 udziel\u0119 wam zgody na u\u017cywanie mojego nazwiska, pod jednym warunkiem\u201d \u2013 odpar\u0142 Hayek z figlarnym b\u0142yskiem w oczach. \u201eMusicie obieca\u0107, \u017ce nie staniecie si\u0119 hayekistami. Zauwa\u017cy\u0142em bowiem, \u017ce marksi\u015bci s\u0105 znacznie gorsi od Marksa, a keynesi\u015bci znacznie gorsi od Keynesa\u201d.<\/p><div class='related_content'><span>RELATED<\/span><ul><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/dlaczego-islandia-odrzucila-czlonkostwo-w-ue'>Dlaczego Islandia odrzuci\u0142a cz\u0142onkostwo w UE<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/refleksje-z-konferencji-studenckiej-w-madrycie'>Refleksje z konferencji studenckiej w Madrycie<\/li><\/a><li><a href='https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/rozmowa-z-organizacja-students-for-liberty'>Rozmowa z organizacj\u0105 Students for Liberty<\/li><\/a><\/ul><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Francuski liberalizm w XIX wieku<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nie do ko\u0144ca uda\u0142o mi si\u0119 dotrzyma\u0107 tej obietnicy, poniewa\u017c nadal uwa\u017cam Hayeka za jednego z najg\u0142\u0119bszych my\u015blicieli XX wieku. Nie zgadzam si\u0119 jednak z nim co najmniej w trzech kwestiach, wi\u0119c nie z\u0142ama\u0142em swojej obietnicy ca\u0142kowicie. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy francuskiego liberalizmu, kt\u00f3rego Hayek nie ceni\u0142. Z pewno\u015bci\u0105,  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/john-locke\">John Locke<\/a>,  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/david-hume\">David Hume<\/a>,  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/adam-smith\">Adam Smith<\/a>, oraz  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/edmund-burke\">Edmund Burke<\/a>  trafnie uj\u0105\u0142 brytyjsk\u0105 tradycj\u0119 ograniczonego rz\u0105du, w\u0142asno\u015bci prywatnej i wolnego handlu. Uwa\u017cam jednak, \u017ce dziewi\u0119tnastowieczny francuski liberalizm, a zw\u0142aszcza my\u015bl  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/benjamin-constant\">Benjamin Constant<\/a>  oraz  <a href=\"https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/people\/alexis-de-tocqueville\">Alexis de Tocqueville<\/a>, znacznie bardziej imponuj\u0105ca ni\u017c jej brytyjski odpowiednik. Powodem tego by\u0142o niew\u0105tpliwie to, \u017ce Constant i Tocqueville musieli zmierzy\u0107 si\u0119 z pora\u017ck\u0105 Rewolucji Francuskiej. Ich odpowied\u017a brzmia\u0142a, \u017ce we Francji brakowa\u0142o dobrze rozwini\u0119tych instytucji po\u015brednich i stowarzysze\u0144, z kt\u00f3rych korzysta\u0142a Wielka Brytania (tzw. \u201ema\u0142e oddzia\u0142y\u201d Burke\u2019a), przez co w 1789 roku intelektuali\u015bci bez do\u015bwiadczenia w samorz\u0105dzie mogli przej\u0105\u0107 w\u0142adz\u0119 i podj\u0105\u0107 daremn\u0105 pr\u00f3b\u0119 przebudowy spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wielki Kryzys<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druga kwestia dotyczy Wielkiego Kryzysu z lat 30. XX wieku. Uwa\u017cam wyja\u015bnienie Hayeka za ma\u0142o przekonuj\u0105ce: \u017ce by\u0142a to konieczna korekta poprzedzaj\u0105cego boomu, sztucznie wywo\u0142anego przez lu\u017an\u0105 polityk\u0119 pieni\u0119\u017cn\u0105. Sugerowa\u0142o to, \u017ce rz\u0105d powinien robi\u0107 niewiele, po prostu pozwoli\u0107, by korekta nast\u0105pi\u0142a, lub \u2013 jak twierdzili bardziej surowi krytycy \u2013 im wi\u0119ksze bankructwa, tym lepiej. Za bardziej przekonuj\u0105ce uwa\u017cam wyja\u015bnienia <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2029813\">Gustava Cassela<\/a> i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/fmc\/interviews\/friedman.htm\">Miltona Friedmana<\/a>: b\u0142\u0119dna polityka banku centralnego doprowadzi\u0142a do gwa\u0142townego zmniejszenia poda\u017cy pieni\u0105dza, co nast\u0119pnie spowodowa\u0142o deflacj\u0119 i recesj\u0119, a sytuacj\u0119 dodatkowo pogorszy\u0142 protekcjonizm.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nacjonalizm<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trzeci\u0105 kwesti\u0105 jest nacjonalizm, kt\u00f3ry Hayek odrzuca\u0142, prawdopodobnie dlatego, \u017ce w 1918 roku by\u0142 \u015bwiadkiem upadku wielonarodowego imperium Habsburg\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re zast\u0105pi\u0142o kilka wojowniczych, nieliberalnych ma\u0142ych pa\u0144stw. Jednak nacjonalizm nie musi by\u0107 agresywny. Mo\u017ce on polega\u0107 na uznaniu to\u017csamo\u015bci narodowej, poczuciu przynale\u017cno\u015bci, b\u0119d\u0105cym wynikiem spontanicznego rozwoju na przestrzeni wiek\u00f3w, oraz na woli utworzenia pa\u0144stwa w celu wyra\u017cania i ochrony wsp\u00f3lnych warto\u015bci. Norwegowie od\u0142\u0105czyli si\u0119 od Szwecji w 1905 roku, poniewa\u017c byli Norwegami, a nie Szwedami. Finowie od\u0142\u0105czyli si\u0119 od Rosji w 1917 roku, poniewa\u017c byli Finami, a nie Rosjanami. Podobne rozwa\u017cania dotycz\u0105 wielu innych narod\u00f3w europejskich, takich jak Polacy, Esto\u0144czycy, S\u0142owacy i S\u0142owe\u0144cy. Narody te nie kierowa\u0142y si\u0119 wrogo\u015bci\u0105 wobec innych: po prostu chcia\u0142y potwierdzi\u0107 swoj\u0105 to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kiedy po raz pierwszy przeczyta\u0142em \u201eDroga do zniewolenia\u201d Friedricha A. von Hayeka, by\u0142em zafascynowany. Autor wyrazi\u0142 moje pogl\u0105dy znacznie lepiej, ni\u017c sam bym to potrafi\u0142: \u017ce narodowy socjalizm i komunizm to dwie ga\u0142\u0119zie tego samego drzewa; \u017ce centralne planowanie stopniowo doprowadzi do zniesienia wolno\u015bci jednostki; \u017ce zachodnia cywilizacja chrze\u015bcija\u0144ska jest zagro\u017cona przez totalitaryzm; oraz \u017ce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":49700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[3515,3516,911,1080,1028],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[405],"types":[455],"class_list":["post-63753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii","tag-depressions","tag-keynes","tag-liberalism","tag-liberty","tag-nationalism","regions-world-pl","types-opinion-pl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>W czym nie jestem hayekist\u0105 - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"W czym nie jestem hayekist\u0105 - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kiedy po raz pierwszy przeczyta\u0142em \u201eDroga do zniewolenia\u201d Friedricha A. von Hayeka, by\u0142em zafascynowany. Autor wyrazi\u0142 moje pogl\u0105dy znacznie lepiej, ni\u017c sam bym to potrafi\u0142: \u017ce narodowy socjalizm i komunizm to dwie ga\u0142\u0119zie tego samego drzewa; \u017ce centralne planowanie stopniowo doprowadzi do zniesienia wolno\u015bci jednostki; \u017ce zachodnia cywilizacja chrze\u015bcija\u0144ska jest zagro\u017cona przez totalitaryzm; oraz \u017ce [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/pl\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hannes.h.gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-10T09:17:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Hayek.Oxford.1983-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1789\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HHGConferences\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hannes Gissurarson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hannes Gissurarson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/57f9ac02d26987135183ffc3b91f4fbe\"},\"headline\":\"W czym nie jestem hayekist\u0105\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-10T09:17:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\"},\"wordCount\":740,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/Hayek.Oxford.1983-scaled.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Depressions\",\"Keynes\",\"liberalism\",\"liberty\",\"Nationalism\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.theconservative.online\\\/pl\\\/w-czym-nie-jestem-hayekista\",\"name\":\"W czym nie jestem hayekist\u0105 - 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