{"id":13206,"date":"2023-08-24T14:45:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T14:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/interferente-straine-dezinformare-si-dezinformare"},"modified":"2023-08-24T14:45:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T14:45:38","slug":"interferente-straine-dezinformare-si-dezinformare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/interferente-straine-dezinformare-si-dezinformare","title":{"rendered":"Interferen\u021be str\u0103ine, dezinformare \u0219i dezinformare"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen martie anul trecut, \u00een 2022, Parlamentul European a aprobat o prim\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103. Aceast\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 \u00een procesele democratice ale Uniunii Europene \u0219i ale statelor sale membre a fost adoptat\u0103 cu o majoritate foarte mare: 552 de voturi pentru, 81 \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 60 de ab\u021bineri. <\/span>Acest document se refer\u0103 \u00een principal la pericolul de interferen\u021b\u0103 care ar putea veni din partea Rusiei \u0219i a Chinei, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere scenariul geopolitic foarte dificil \u00een care tr\u0103im. <\/span><\/p>\n

Rezolu\u021bia se concentreaz\u0103 \u00een special pe problema dezinform\u0103rii digitale conduse de puteri str\u0103ine \u0219i, prin urmare, urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 interzic\u0103 dona\u021biile \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rile din partea puterilor str\u0103ine din afara Europei c\u0103tre orice partid, funda\u021bie sau personalitate politic\u0103 care de\u021bine o func\u021bie public\u0103 sau aleas\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 rezolu\u021bie invit\u0103 Comisia European\u0103 s\u0103 propun\u0103 o strategie transsectorial\u0103 la mai multe niveluri \u0219i s\u0103 aloce resurse financiare adecvate pentru a dota UE \u0219i statele membre cu politici de rezilien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i instrumente de descurajare adecvate. Aceast\u0103 strategie ar trebui s\u0103 se bazeze pe o abordare bazat\u0103 pe riscuri, implic\u00e2nd at\u00e2t societatea, c\u00e2t \u0219i guvernele. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen special, rezolu\u021bia stabile\u0219te mai multe obiective, cum ar fi consolidarea rezilien\u021bei UE prin con\u0219tientizarea situa\u021biei, alfabetizarea \u0219i educa\u021bia \u00een domeniul mass-media, promovarea rezilien\u021bei sociale \u00eempotriva dezinform\u0103rii \u00een timpul proceselor electorale \u0219i impunerea unui regim de sanc\u021biuni \u0219i a unor m\u0103suri restrictive pentru a contracara dezinformarea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pe 10<\/span>a<\/span> martie 2022, o nou\u0103 comisie special\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de ING2, a fost creat\u0103 \u0219i \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 de Parlamentul European s\u0103 dea curs rezolu\u021biei. Noua Comisie a fost \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 s\u0103 analizeze, \u00een cooperare \u0219i \u00een consultare cu comisiile permanente, legisla\u021bia \u0219i politicile existente pentru a identifica posibilele lacune, sc\u0103p\u0103ri \u0219i suprapuneri care ar putea fi exploatate \u00een scopul unei interferen\u021be r\u0103u inten\u021bionate \u00een procesele democratice; s\u0103 elaboreze propuneri privind modalit\u0103\u021bile de eliminare a acestor lacune \u0219i s\u0103 promoveze rezisten\u021ba juridic\u0103 a UE; s\u0103 colaboreze \u00eendeaproape cu alte institu\u021bii ale UE, cu autorit\u0103\u021bile statelor membre, cu organiza\u021biile interna\u021bionale, cu societatea civil\u0103, precum \u0219i cu partenerii nestatali din \u021b\u0103rile ter\u021be pentru a consolida ac\u021biunile UE \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor hibride \u0219i a dezinform\u0103rii; s\u0103 asigure o urm\u0103rire detaliat\u0103 \u0219i riguroas\u0103 a Raportului Comisiei speciale INGE 1 \u0219i s\u0103 contribuie la rezilien\u021ba institu\u021bional\u0103 general\u0103 \u00eempotriva interferen\u021belor str\u0103ine, a amenin\u021b\u0103rilor hibride \u0219i a dezinform\u0103rii \u00een perioada premerg\u0103toare alegerilor europene din 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prin urmare, aceasta a fost o activitate foarte intens\u0103 \u0219i a necesitat un efort considerabil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 prima rezolu\u021bie din 2022, deputa\u021bii europeni au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lneasc\u0103 cu factorii de decizie politic\u0103 na\u021bionali, europeni \u0219i interna\u021bionali, cu serviciile de informa\u021bii ale statelor membre ale UE, cu NATO StratCom din Riga, cu Centrul de excelen\u021b\u0103 privind amenin\u021b\u0103rile hibride (a\u0219a-numitul Hybrid Coe), cu guvernul \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile australiene \u0219i cu organismele ONU respective din New York, precum \u0219i cu omologii lor \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile relevante din Kiev, Ucraina.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een acest an, pe 31<\/span>an<\/span> mai 2023, Parlamentul European a votat pentru a propune o strategie care ar putea spori competen\u021ba european\u0103 de ap\u0103rare \u00eempotriva interferen\u021belor str\u0103ine \u0219i a manipul\u0103rii informa\u021biilor, pentru a proteja viitoarele alegeri europene din 2024. <\/span> <\/p>\n

De fapt, potrivit parlamentarilor, \u00een perioada imediat anterioar\u0103 alegerilor, adic\u0103 \u00eentre 6 \u0219i 9 iunie, atacurile informatice ar putea cre\u0219te exponen\u021bial, lu\u00e2nd forme mai sofisticate. Acest fapt a fost eviden\u021biat \u00een raportul Comisiei speciale privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 \u00een toate procesele democratice din Uniunea European\u0103. Raportul a fost adoptat \u00een plen cu 469 de voturi pentru, 71 de voturi \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 75 de ab\u021bineri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Raportul analizeaz\u0103, \u00een principal, problemele legate de interferen\u021bele care exist\u0103 pe platformele online \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103, de asemenea, pe protec\u021bia necesar\u0103 \u00eempotriva infrastructurilor critice \u0219i a sectoarelor strategice. O alt\u0103 problem\u0103 cheie este interferen\u021ba \u00een timpul proceselor electorale, o problem\u0103 legat\u0103, de asemenea, de finan\u021barea ascuns\u0103 a activit\u0103\u021bilor politice de c\u0103tre actori str\u0103ini \u0219i de rezisten\u021ba la atacurile cibernetice. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen mod evident, situa\u021bia actual\u0103 cu care ne confrunt\u0103m \u00eei vede pe autorii sau poten\u021bialii autori ai acestei interferen\u021be, \u00een principal Rusia \u0219i China, nu numai \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, ci \u0219i \u00een \u021b\u0103rile \u00een curs de aderare, inclusiv \u00een Balcanii de Vest, \u0219i \u00een \u021b\u0103rile din Sudul Global.<\/span><\/p>\n

Astfel, Parlamentul a condamnat fenomenul periculos al „<\/span>serviciilor de dezinformare contra cost” <\/span>on, care implic\u0103 to\u021bi acei furnizori care ofer\u0103 servicii de dezinformare actorilor guvernamentali \u0219i neguvernamentali, cu ajutorul unor instrumente precum a\u0219a-numitul dark web, \u00een scopul de a influen\u021ba procesele electorale.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te tranzac\u021biile financiare ilicite care provin din \u021b\u0103ri ter\u021be \u0219i sunt direc\u021bionate c\u0103tre sistemul politic al UE, deputa\u021bii europeni solicit\u0103 Comisiei s\u0103 faciliteze trasabilitatea dona\u021biilor \u0219i solicit\u0103 \u021b\u0103rilor europene s\u0103 abordeze de urgen\u021b\u0103 problema dona\u021biilor din \u021b\u0103ri ter\u021be c\u0103tre partidele politice na\u021bionale.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen sf\u00e2r\u0219it, raportul elaborat de Parlamentul European subliniaz\u0103 riscurile de dependen\u021b\u0103 economic\u0103, spionaj \u0219i sabotaj. Astfel, se reitereaz\u0103 dorin\u021ba de a interzice TikTok la toate nivelurile guvernelor na\u021bionale \u0219i \u00een institu\u021biile UE. Consiliul \u0219i Comisia sunt, de asemenea, \u00eencurajate s\u0103 interzic\u0103 utilizarea echipamentelor \u0219i a software-ului de la produc\u0103torii din \u021b\u0103rile cu risc ridicat, care se refer\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna la China \u0219i Rusia, cum ar fi ByteDance Huawei, ZTE, Kaspersky, NtechLab sau Nuctech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prin urmare, \u00een general, Parlamentul European a decis \u00een unanimitate s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een aplicare o strategie coordonat\u0103 la nivel european, promov\u00e2nd noi ini\u021biative \u0219i sporind eficien\u021ba dispozi\u021biilor existente \u00een acest domeniu. Se solicit\u0103, de asemenea, finan\u021bare care poate fi util\u0103 pentru combaterea dezinform\u0103rii \u0219i pentru sprijinirea proceselor democratice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pentru a pune \u00een aplicare acest proces crucial este rolul Comisiei Europene, c\u0103reia i se cere s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze \u00een cur\u00e2nd pentru a prezenta un pachet de m\u0103suri de ap\u0103rare a democra\u021biei \u0219i o legisla\u021bie pentru a contracara amenin\u021b\u0103rile hibride \u00een UE. <\/span><\/p>\n

Raportoarea Sandra Kalniete, \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu recentul raport al parlamentului, a declarat: „<\/span>Interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 \u00een procesele democratice reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare tot mai mare la adresa securit\u0103\u021bii statelor membre ale UE \u0219i a UE, \u00een special pe fondul dezvolt\u0103rii tehnologice rapide \u0219i al r\u0103zboiului pe care Rusia \u00eel poart\u0103 \u00een Ucraina. Trebuie s\u0103 ac\u021bion\u0103m urgent \u0219i s\u0103 punem \u00een aplicare rapid recomand\u0103rile noastre. Trebuie f\u0103cute investi\u021bii semnificative \u0219i de durat\u0103 \u00een rezisten\u021ba noastr\u0103 democratic\u0103, baz\u00e2ndu-ne pe experien\u021ba partenerilor no\u0219tri, cum ar fi Ucraina \u0219i Taiwan”. <\/span><\/p>\n

Activitatea pe care o desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 organismul electiv european este o activitate care dureaz\u0103 de ani de zile \u0219i are ca scop s\u0103 fac\u0103 Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i informa\u021biile sale c\u00e2t mai veridice \u0219i independente, pun\u00e2nd \u00een aplicare o strategie comun\u0103 care s\u0103 poat\u0103 face fa\u021b\u0103 riscurilor tot mai mari asociate cu interferen\u021bele externe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, ac\u021biunile Parlamentului European nu par s\u0103 aduc\u0103 niciun rezultat la Comisia European\u0103, care are o tendin\u021b\u0103 bizar\u0103 de a nu dori s\u0103 urmeze ceea ce propun deputa\u021bii europeni, ale\u0219i prin voin\u021ba cet\u0103\u021benilor europeni.<\/span><\/p>\n

De fapt, tocmai \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva interferen\u021belor str\u0103ine, Comisia European\u0103 d\u0103 \u00eenapoi, \u00een ciuda voin\u021bei bine exprimate a Parlamentului \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103. \u0218i \u00een loc s\u0103 lucreze pentru a prezenta s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na viitoare „pachetul de ap\u0103rare a democra\u021biei”, Comisia a decis s\u0103 continue cu o analiz\u0103 intern\u0103 pentru a evalua posibilele consecin\u021be ale acestei propuneri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dar, \u00een retrospectiv\u0103, pachetul nu ar viza doar hackerii \u0219i robo\u021bii chinezi \u0219i ru\u0219i, ci \u0219i organiza\u021biile neguvernamentale, binecunoscutele ONG-uri. Ace\u0219tia par a fi deosebit de susceptibili \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, deoarece au criticat vehement planul care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 oblige grupurile de interese s\u0103 dezv\u0103luie finan\u021barea extern\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Retragerea Comisiei este justificat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 este nevoie de mai mult timp \u0219i de noi analize pentru a evalua impactul pe care acest pachet l-ar putea avea pe plan economic, social \u0219i politic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, nevoia de transparen\u021b\u0103 este una dintre prerogativele care stau la baza unei Uniuni Europene care dore\u0219te s\u0103 fie cu adev\u0103rat democratic\u0103. Aceea\u0219i nevoie de transparen\u021b\u0103, de altfel, \u00een multe alte domenii, este sus\u021binut\u0103 cu t\u0103rie de ONG-uri, care nu rateaz\u0103 nicio ocazie pentru a proclama importan\u021ba proceselor democratice \u0219i transparente. <\/span><\/p>\n

Din acest motiv, a\u0219adar, nu pare deloc ciudat faptul c\u0103 exist\u0103 \u00eendoieli cu privire la o propunere care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 protejeze \u0219i s\u0103 protejeze cet\u0103\u021benii \u0219i informa\u021biile. Poate pentru c\u0103, la o privire mai atent\u0103, primii care nu sunt complet transparen\u021bi sunt tocmai cei care caut\u0103 transparen\u021ba, dar numai dac\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nd aceasta le convine.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen martie anul trecut, \u00een 2022, Parlamentul European a aprobat o prim\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103. Aceast\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 \u00een procesele democratice ale Uniunii Europene \u0219i ale statelor sale membre a fost adoptat\u0103 cu o majoritate foarte mare: 552 de voturi pentru, 81 \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 60 de ab\u021bineri. Acest document se refer\u0103 \u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":11891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[329,338,346,355,365],"types":[417],"class_list":["post-13206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-news-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nInterferen\u021be str\u0103ine, dezinformare \u0219i dezinformare - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/interferente-straine-dezinformare-si-dezinformare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interferen\u021be str\u0103ine, dezinformare \u0219i dezinformare - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen martie anul trecut, \u00een 2022, Parlamentul European a aprobat o prim\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103. Aceast\u0103 rezolu\u021bie privind interferen\u021ba str\u0103in\u0103 \u00een procesele democratice ale Uniunii Europene \u0219i ale statelor sale membre a fost adoptat\u0103 cu o majoritate foarte mare: 552 de voturi pentru, 81 \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 60 de ab\u021bineri. 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