{"id":13385,"date":"2023-08-09T16:24:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T16:24:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/reforma-vamala-cea-mai-ambitioasa-reforma-de-la-inceputul-uniunii-vamale-in-1968"},"modified":"2023-08-09T16:24:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T16:24:58","slug":"reforma-vamala-cea-mai-ambitioasa-reforma-de-la-inceputul-uniunii-vamale-in-1968","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/reforma-vamala-cea-mai-ambitioasa-reforma-de-la-inceputul-uniunii-vamale-in-1968","title":{"rendered":"Reforma vamal\u0103, cea mai ambi\u021bioas\u0103 reform\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul uniunii vamale \u00een 1968"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen contextul cre\u0219terii ponderii tot mai mari a comer\u021bului electronic \u00een totalul fluxurilor comerciale \u0219i al problemelor legate de incapacitatea statelor membre ale UE de a pune cap\u0103t elud\u0103rii sanc\u021biunilor interna\u021bionale impuse Federa\u021biei Ruse, Comisia European\u0103 propune o nou\u0103 reform\u0103 a Uniunii Vamale. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen centrul acestei reforme se afl\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021barea unei autorit\u0103\u021bi vamale europene \u0219i a unui HUB de date vamale gestionat de aceasta. Scopul s\u0103u este de a facilita comer\u021bul \u00eentre \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i de a reduce birocra\u021bia, deoarece ini\u021biativa este, de asemenea, menit\u0103 s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la o mai bun\u0103 coordonare a politicilor publice europene \u00een domeniul comer\u021bului. Nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, reforma este necesar\u0103 deoarece, de\u0219i UE este o zon\u0103 de liber schimb, exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 procese care \u00eempiedic\u0103 circula\u021bia m\u0103rfurilor \u00eentre statele membre. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ideea de a reforma uniunea vamal\u0103 este discutat\u0103 de mai bine de un an, \u00eens\u0103 propunerile concrete ale Comisiei Europene au fost prezentate abia \u00een luna mai a acestui an. R\u0103m\u00e2ne de v\u0103zut care va fi pozi\u021bia statelor membre fa\u021b\u0103 de acest proiect \u0219i care va fi forma concret\u0103 \u00een care acesta va fi pus \u00een aplicare.<\/p>\n

„Este, a\u0219 spune, cea mai ambi\u021bioas\u0103 \u0219i cuprinz\u0103toare reform\u0103 pe care am propus-o de la \u00eenceputul uniunii vamale \u00een 1968”, a declarat atunci comisarul pentru economie, Paolo Gentiloni. <\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Potrivit prezent\u0103rii oficiale a proiectului, reforma uniunii vamale r\u0103spunde presiunilor actuale cu care se confrunt\u0103 v\u0103mile din UE, inclusiv cre\u0219terea masiv\u0103 a volumului schimburilor comerciale, \u00een special a comer\u021bului electronic, multiplicarea rapid\u0103 a standardelor UE care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie supuse controalelor la frontier\u0103 \u0219i evolu\u021bia situa\u021biei geopolitice, punctat\u0103 de crize. Reforma va preg\u0103ti cadrul vamal pentru o er\u0103 mai ecologic\u0103 \u0219i mai digital\u0103 \u0219i va contribui la o pia\u021b\u0103 unic\u0103 mai sigur\u0103 \u0219i mai competitiv\u0103. Reforma simplific\u0103 \u0219i ra\u021bionalizeaz\u0103 cerin\u021bele de raportare vamal\u0103 pentru comercian\u021bi, de exemplu prin reducerea timpului necesar pentru finalizarea procedurilor de import \u0219i prin furnizarea unei interfe\u021be unice la nivelul UE, precum \u0219i prin facilitarea reutiliz\u0103rii datelor.<\/p>\n

Prin urmare, m\u0103surile propuse vizeaz\u0103 instituirea unei noi autorit\u0103\u021bi vamale a UE, dar \u0219i o abordare mai bine g\u00e2ndit\u0103 a controalelor vamale \u0219i o abordare mai modern\u0103 a comer\u021bului electronic. Aceste m\u0103suri sunt menite s\u0103 simplifice procesele vamale pentru \u00eentreprinderi. Prin adoptarea transform\u0103rii digitale, noul cadru de reglementare urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 simplifice procedurile vamale greoaie, \u00eenlocuind declara\u021biile tradi\u021bionale cu o abordare mai inteligent\u0103, bazat\u0103 pe date, a supravegherii importurilor. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, autorit\u0103\u021bile vamale vor dispune de instrumentele \u0219i resursele necesare pentru a evalua \u0219i a opri importurile care prezint\u0103 riscuri reale pentru UE, cet\u0103\u021benii \u0219i economia acesteia.<\/p>\n

Cum vor func\u021biona noua autoritate vamal\u0103 \u0219i noul hub de date?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Noua autoritate vamal\u0103 a UE, care se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul reformei, va furniza \u0219i va supraveghea o interfa\u021b\u0103 unic\u0103 la nivelul UE – Centrul de date vamale al UE, care va \u00eenlocui practic infrastructura informatic\u0103 vamal\u0103 existent\u0103 \u00een statele membre. Potrivit unei analize PwC prezentate de ZF, cu ajutorul noului centru de date, toate statele membre vor avea acces la acelea\u0219i date \u00een timp real \u0219i vor putea pune \u00een comun informa\u021bii pentru a r\u0103spunde mai rapid \u0219i mai eficient la riscuri. De asemenea, cu sprijinul autorit\u0103\u021bii vamale a UE, ace\u0219tia vor efectua controale vamale numai acolo unde consider\u0103 necesar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Companiile care introduc m\u0103rfuri \u00een UE vor putea \u00eenregistra toate informa\u021biile despre produsele lor \u0219i despre lan\u021bul de aprovizionare \u00een acest nou portal unic. Acesta va compila datele furnizate de companii \u0219i, cu ajutorul inteligen\u021bei artificiale, va oferi autorit\u0103\u021bilor o imagine de ansamblu a circula\u021biei m\u0103rfurilor \u0219i a lan\u021burilor de aprovizionare. \u00cen plus, comercian\u021bii vor putea introduce acelea\u0219i informa\u021bii \u00een portal pentru a acoperi mai multe transporturi, economisind timp \u0219i bani. De asemenea, lan\u021burile de aprovizionare cele mai transparente \u0219i stabile (comercian\u021bii „Trust & Check”) se vor deplasa prin a\u0219a-numitele „benzi verzi” \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i vor putea pune m\u0103rfurile \u00een circula\u021bie \u00een UE f\u0103r\u0103 nicio interven\u021bie vamal\u0103 activ\u0103. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, platformele online ar deveni actorii principali \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te conformitatea vamal\u0103 pentru bunurile v\u00e2ndute online \u00een UE. Acest lucru reprezint\u0103 o schimbare major\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de sistemul vamal actual, precizeaz\u0103 sursa citat\u0103, care plaseaz\u0103 responsabilitatea pe umerii consumatorului individual \u0219i ai transportatorilor.<\/p>\n

Comercian\u021bii online vor fi obliga\u021bi s\u0103 se ocupe de toate formalit\u0103\u021bile vamale \u0219i vor trebui s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 bunurile pe care le v\u00e2nd \u00een UE respect\u0103 toate standardele \u0219i legisla\u021bia european\u0103 \u00een materie de importuri, asigur\u00e2ndu-i pe consumatori c\u0103 au fost achitate taxele pentru bunurile lor \u0219i c\u0103 acestea sunt sigure \u00een conformitate cu standardele UE.<\/p>\n

Propunerea Comisiei Europene ar urma s\u0103 fie introdus\u0103 treptat \u00een urm\u0103torii 10-15 ani. Conform viziunii CE, hub-ul de date ar trebui s\u0103 se deschid\u0103 pentru comer\u021bul electronic \u00een 2028, iar pentru al\u021bi importatori, pe baz\u0103 de voluntariat, \u00een 2032. Din 2038, hub-ul va deveni obligatoriu pentru to\u021bi importatorii. De la aceast\u0103 dat\u0103, Data Hub va \u00eenlocui cele 111 sisteme informatice na\u021bionale existente \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2038. Conform estim\u0103rilor Comisiei Europene, acest lucru ar \u00eensemna economii de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2 miliarde de euro pe an \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te costurile de func\u021bionare. Propunerea Comisiei va fi supus\u0103 procedurii legislative ordinare a UE \u0219i, prin urmare, va trece prin Consiliul UE \u0219i Parlamentul European \u00eenainte de adoptare.<\/p>\n

Rom\u00e2nia sus\u021bine c\u0103 sprijin\u0103 reforma. Dar se desfiin\u021beaz\u0103 controlul comer\u021bului electronic<\/b><\/h3>\n

Rom\u00e2nia, prin vocea ministrului de finan\u021be Marcel Bolo\u0219, \u0219i-a anun\u021bat deja sprijinul pentru noua reform\u0103 vamal\u0103.<\/p>\n

„Rom\u00e2nia sus\u021bine principalele obiective ale reformei, \u00een principal \u00eenfiin\u021barea Autorit\u0103\u021bii Vamale a UE \u0219i a Centrului de Date Vamale al UE”, a declarat Marcel Bolo\u0219, ministrul Finan\u021belor, \u00een contextul ultimei reuniuni ECOFIN.<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Teoretic, al\u0103turi de mult a\u0219teptata aderare la spa\u021biul Schengen, participarea la noua institu\u021bie european\u0103 ar putea fi un pas important pentru exporturile Rom\u00e2niei. La \u00eenceputul anului trecut, Rom\u00e2nia a re\u00eenfiin\u021bat Autoritatea Vamal\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103, institu\u021bie care a fost desfiin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een 2013. Mai precis, gestionarea activit\u0103\u021bii vamale a fost transferat\u0103 de la ANAF, institu\u021bie aflat\u0103 \u00een subordinea Ministerului Finan\u021belor, direct la ministrul de resort (care nume\u0219te directorul Autorit\u0103\u021bii Na\u021bionale a V\u0103milor). Institu\u021bia nou creat\u0103, de\u0219i are aproape acela\u0219i num\u0103r de angaja\u021bi ca \u0219i predecesoarea sa din 2013 – aproximativ 3000 – are dou\u0103 structuri suplimentare (direc\u021bii generale). Cu toate acestea, din structura noii autorit\u0103\u021bi lipse\u0219te, dup\u0103 cum se poate observa, un departament al Biroului de Comer\u021b Electronic, \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een 2016 ca urmare a importan\u021bei sporite a acestei activit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Dorel Fronea, fost vicepre\u0219edinte al ANAF \u0219i fost director al Autorit\u0103\u021bii Na\u021bionale a V\u0103milor (2012-2013 \u0219i 2016-2017), a declarat, la momentul cre\u0103rii noii structuri, c\u0103 aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 creeaz\u0103 „vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi uria\u0219e \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te capacitatea AVR de a combate frauda \u00een acest domeniu”. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, el a men\u021bionat c\u0103 structura noii entit\u0103\u021bi include un departament cu atribu\u021bii ilegale.<\/p>\n

„Subliniez faptul c\u0103 desfiin\u021barea acestui birou va duce la discreditarea AVR \u00een ochii partenerilor interna\u021bionali, pe de o parte, \u0219i la cre\u0219terea fraudei \u00een sectorul online, pe de alt\u0103 parte. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te \u00eenfiin\u021barea Serviciului de Investiga\u021bii Vamale, a\u0219 dori s\u0103 men\u021bionez c\u0103 Autoritatea Vamal\u0103 NU este abilitat\u0103, prin Codul Penal \u0219i Codul de Procedur\u0103 Penal\u0103, s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare activit\u0103\u021bi de investiga\u021bii, acesta fiind un atribut exclusiv al structurilor Ministerului de Interne”, a declarat Dorel Florea.<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La reuniunea Consiliului Afaceri Economice \u0219i Financiare (ECOFIN) de la Bruxelles din luna iulie a participat o delega\u021bie a Ministerului rom\u00e2n al Finan\u021belor, condus\u0103 de ministrul Marcel Bolo\u0219. <\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum era de a\u0219teptat, printre subiectele-cheie de pe agenda ECOFIN, cum ar fi reformele structurale, politica fiscal\u0103, coordonarea economic\u0103 sau pie\u021bele financiare, s-a num\u0103rat \u0219i reforma vamal\u0103 a UE. Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, reforma vamal\u0103 propus\u0103 de CE poate fi considerat\u0103 cel mai ambi\u021bios proiect de acest gen de la crearea Uniunii Vamale \u00een 1968. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

„Rom\u00e2nia sus\u021bine principalele obiective ale reformei, \u00een principal \u00eenfiin\u021barea Autorit\u0103\u021bii Vamale a UE \u0219i a Centrului de Date Vamale al UE”, a declarat Marcel Bolo\u0219, ministrul Finan\u021belor, la 18 iulie.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care reforma va fi pus\u0103 \u00een aplicare, autorit\u0103\u021bile vamale vor dispune de instrumentele \u0219i resursele necesare pentru a evalua \u0219i a opri importurile care prezint\u0103 riscuri reale pentru UE, pentru cet\u0103\u021benii \u0219i pentru economia acesteia. Oficialii Comisiei Europene au explicat c\u0103 proiectul r\u0103spunde presiunilor actuale \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 v\u0103mile UE.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen contextul cre\u0219terii ponderii tot mai mari a comer\u021bului electronic \u00een totalul fluxurilor comerciale \u0219i al problemelor legate de incapacitatea statelor membre ale UE de a pune cap\u0103t elud\u0103rii sanc\u021biunilor interna\u021bionale impuse Federa\u021biei Ruse, Comisia European\u0103 propune o nou\u0103 reform\u0103 a Uniunii Vamale. \u00cen centrul acestei reforme se afl\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021barea unei autorit\u0103\u021bi vamale europene \u0219i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2572,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263,160],"tags":[835,836],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[329,338,346,355],"types":[417],"class_list":["post-13385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","category-politica","tag-customs-reform","tag-european-customs-authority","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","types-news-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nReforma vamal\u0103, cea mai ambi\u021bioas\u0103 reform\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul uniunii vamale \u00een 1968 - 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