viziune realist\u0103<\/a> asupra circumstan\u021belor \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i, \u00een special, asupra vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii sale. A trebuit s\u0103 navigheze cu grij\u0103 \u00eentre Scylla \u0219i Caribda, \u00eentre deferen\u021ba excesiv\u0103 \u0219i sfidarea imprudent\u0103.<\/p>\nNealinierea Suediei<\/h3>\n
Faimoasa observa\u021bie a lui Hegel este adesea \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 gre\u0219it: ceea ce este real este ra\u021bional \u0219i ceea ce este ra\u021bional este real. Practic, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem realitatea \u00een loc s\u0103 \u021binem doar discursuri \u00eempotriva ei. Lucrurile sunt ceea ce sunt cu un motiv, de\u0219i, desigur, ele pot fi schimbate \u00een timp. Politica extern\u0103 a Finlandei dup\u0103 cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial a fost ra\u021bional\u0103, la fel ca \u0219i diferitele politici ale celorlalte \u021b\u0103ri nordice, \u00een circumstan\u021bele lor. Suedia a reu\u0219it s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een afara celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-\u0219i neutralitatea, dar poate nu \u00eentotdeauna cu stricte\u021be, \u00eenclin\u00e2nd spre Germania nazist\u0103 \u00een prima faz\u0103 a r\u0103zboiului, \u00eentre 1939 \u0219i 1943, \u0219i spre Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 \u00een a doua faz\u0103, \u00eentre 1943 \u0219i 1945. Un exemplu a fost atunci c\u00e2nd Suedia a permis nazi\u0219tilor s\u0103 transfere arme \u0219i trupe pe teritoriul s\u0103u, \u00een special din Norvegia spre Finlanda, iar Allan Vougt, liderul social-democrat suedez, a afirmat \u00een mod notoriu c\u0103 trenurile nu vor deranja pe nimeni, deoarece vor circula noaptea. Un alt exemplu a fost atunci c\u00e2nd, dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, Suedia a extr\u0103dat \u00een Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 refugia\u021bi din \u021b\u0103rile baltice, dintre care mul\u021bi fuseser\u0103 for\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 lupte de partea german\u0103 \u0219i niciunul nu se considera cet\u0103\u021bean sovietic. Dar poate c\u0103 guvernul suedez nu a avut de ales \u00een ambele cazuri \u0219i poate c\u0103 a decis s\u0103 dea dovad\u0103 de pruden\u021b\u0103. De asemenea, se poate spune c\u0103 nealinierea suedez\u0103 \u00een timpul R\u0103zboiului Rece a servit cel mai bine intereselor suedeze. De\u0219i este o exagerare s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 statele nu au prieteni, ci doar interese, prietenia \u0219i afinitatea social\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 joac\u0103 un rol minor \u00een rela\u021biile interna\u021bionale. Acest lucru a fost demonstrat dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, \u00een 1948-1949, c\u00e2nd a fost explorat\u0103 ideea unei uniuni nordice de ap\u0103rare. Islanda, departe \u00een Oceanul Atlantic de Nord, a fost exclus\u0103 din deliber\u0103ri, iar Suedia a pus ca o condi\u021bie pentru o astfel de uniune ca participarea Finlandei s\u0103 fie acceptabil\u0103 pentru Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 – ceea ce nu a fost cazul.<\/p>\n
Trei \u021b\u0103ri nordice din NATO<\/h3>\n
\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, Danemarca, Norvegia \u0219i Islanda au decis s\u0103 accepte oferta Statelor Unite de a ap\u0103ra Europa \u00eempotriva statului totalitar sovietic \u0219i, \u00een 1949, au aderat la NATO. Danemarca \u0219i Norvegia au fost ocupate \u00een aprilie 1940 de Germania nazist\u0103, iar Islanda \u00een mai 1940 de Marea Britanie. R\u0103spunsurile Danemarcei \u0219i Norvegiei la atacul german au fost foarte diferite. Danemarca s-a predat aproape imediat: Grani\u021bele sale erau de neap\u0103rat de neap\u0103rat ap\u0103rat \u00eempotriva unui atac german. A fost singura politic\u0103 ra\u021bional\u0103 de urmat. (Austericul \u0219i distantul Erik Scavenius, care, \u00een calitate de ministru de externe, a cooperat cu germanii, a fost uneori acuzat c\u0103 era prea prietenos cu ace\u0219tia, \u00een timp ce liderul social-democrat Thorvald Stauning a replicat: ‘Scavenius? El nu este prietenos cu nimeni!”. Dup\u0103 R\u0103zboi, Scavenius a remarcat cu ironie: „Oh, a fost Danemarca \u00een r\u0103zboi cu Germania? Am fost noroco\u0219i c\u0103 germanii nu au descoperit acest lucru”). Cu toate acestea, Norvegia a ales s\u0103 reziste atacului. Acest lucru a fost, de asemenea, ra\u021bional \u00een acele circumstan\u021be, de\u0219i asisten\u021ba britanic\u0103 \u0219i francez\u0103 a fost prea pu\u021bin \u0219i prea t\u00e2rziu. Cu toate acestea, s-a dovedit a fi mult mai dificil s\u0103 se ocupe \u00eentreaga Norvegie dec\u00e2t prev\u0103zuse Hitler. Islandezii au r\u0103suflat u\u0219ura\u021bi de faptul c\u0103 Marea Britanie, \u0219i nu Germania nazist\u0103, a ocupat insula lor, situat\u0103 strategic \u00een mijlocul Oceanului Atlantic de Nord, iar \u00een iulie 1941 au acceptat oferta Statelor Unite de a prelua ap\u0103rarea lor de la Marea Britanie. Acordul de ap\u0103rare dintre Statele Unite \u0219i Islanda l-a \u00eenfuriat pe Hitler, care l-a recunoscut \u00een mod corect ca fiind un pas important pentru intrarea lui Roosevelt \u00een cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial. Aceasta a \u00eensemnat, de asemenea, c\u0103 Islanda a renun\u021bat \u00een mod oficial la neutralitatea sa.<\/p>\n
Experien\u021bele Danemarcei, Norvegiei \u0219i Islandei \u00een cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial i-au convins pe liderii acestora c\u0103 este inutil s\u0103 se declare neutru \u0219i s\u0103 spere la bine. De asemenea, trebuiau s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru ce era mai r\u0103u. Nu este suficient s\u0103 \u021binem discursuri \u00eempotriva realit\u0103\u021bii, iar realitatea sumbr\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul r\u0103zboiului a fost Armata Ro\u0219ie sovietic\u0103, care a ocupat aproape toat\u0103 Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est. Dup\u0103 cum a spus Winston Churchill, o cortin\u0103 de fier a cobor\u00e2t peste continentul european, de la Stettin, \u00een Marea Baltic\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la Trieste, \u00een Marea Adriatic\u0103. Prin urmare, \u00een 1949, toate cele trei \u021b\u0103ri nordice, dup\u0103 multe ezit\u0103ri \u0219i deliber\u0103ri, au decis s\u0103 se al\u0103ture NATO, ale c\u0103rui trei obiective principale erau, dup\u0103 spusele lui Lord Ismay, s\u0103 \u00eei \u021bin\u0103 pe ru\u0219i afar\u0103, pe germani jos \u0219i pe americani \u00een\u0103untru. Strategia era s\u0103 fie suficient de puternic\u0103 pentru ca ru\u0219ii s\u0103 nu \u00eendr\u0103zneasc\u0103 s\u0103 atace. „Se vis pacem, para bellum”, dac\u0103 vrei pace, preg\u0103te\u0219te-te pentru r\u0103zboi, observau vechii romani. „Dac\u0103 tr\u00e2mbi\u021ba va da un sunet nesigur, cine se va preg\u0103ti pentru lupt\u0103?” (I Corinteni, 14, 8). Dup\u0103 ce Germania a aderat la NATO \u00een 1955, principalele obiective ale organiza\u021biei au fost reduse de la trei la dou\u0103, pentru a-i \u021bine pe ru\u0219i afar\u0103 \u0219i pe americani \u00een\u0103untru. \u00cen anii ’90, c\u00e2nd R\u0103zboiul Rece s-a \u00eencheiat \u0219i Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 s-a pr\u0103bu\u0219it, unii au considerat pentru o vreme c\u0103 NATO \u0219i-a dep\u0103\u0219it scopul (la fel ca multe alte organiza\u021bii interna\u021bionale \u00eenfiin\u021bate la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul r\u0103zboiului, cum ar fi OCDE, FMI \u0219i Banca Mondial\u0103). \u021a\u0103rile nou eliberate din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est au v\u0103zut lucrurile altfel. Pentru acestea, aderarea la NATO a fost o prioritate: \u00een 1999, Republica Ceh\u0103, Ungaria \u0219i Polonia; \u00een 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, Rom\u00e2nia, Slovacia \u0219i Slovenia; \u00een 2009, Albania; \u00een 2017, Muntenegru; iar \u00een 2020, Macedonia de Nord.<\/p>\n
Putin vrea s\u0103 restaureze Imperiul Rus<\/h3>\n
Ceea ce oamenii din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est au \u00een\u021beles mai bine dec\u00e2t majoritatea celorlal\u021bi europeni a fost c\u0103 Putin \u0219i clica sa au refuzat s\u0103 accepte schimb\u0103rile teritoriale provocate de pr\u0103bu\u0219irea, mai \u00eent\u00e2i a Imperiului Romanov \u00een 1918 \u0219i apoi a Imperiului Sovietic \u00een 1991. Odat\u0103 cu pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Imperiului Romanov, ru\u0219ii au pierdut o parte din Polonia, precum \u0219i controlul asupra statelor baltice \u0219i a Finlandei. Au rec\u00e2\u0219tigat \u021b\u0103rile baltice \u00een cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, au transformat Polonia \u00eentr-un satelit \u0219i Finlanda \u00eentr-un asociat reticent. Odat\u0103 cu pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Imperiului Sovietic, ru\u0219ii au pierdut din nou statele baltice, precum \u0219i Belarus \u0219i Ucraina. De asemenea, nu mai aveau prea mult\u0103 influen\u021b\u0103 \u00een Polonia, Finlanda \u0219i \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est. Belarus a devenit \u00eentr-adev\u0103r un vasal, dar decizia ucrainenilor din 2014, \u00een cadrul Revolu\u021biei Maidan, de a respinge un statut similar a fost cea care a determinat invazia lui Putin \u0219i anexarea Crimeei \u0219i a provinciilor din estul Ucrainei. \u00cencurajat de lipsa unui r\u0103spuns semnificativ din partea Occidentului la aceast\u0103 invazie, precum \u0219i la invazia pu\u021bin remarcat\u0103 a Georgiei din 2008, Putin a decis \u00een 2022 s\u0103 invadeze din nou Ucraina, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 aceasta nu va adera la NATO \u0219i la Uniunea European\u0103, ci va deveni un vasal, precum Belarus. \u00cen plus, o Ucrain\u0103 liber\u0103 \u0219i prosper\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare existen\u021bial\u0103 pentru regimul brutal \u0219i corupt al lui Putin, care nu numai c\u0103 reduce la t\u0103cere vocile critice, dar \u00een\u0103bu\u0219\u0103 \u0219i spiritul antreprenorial.<\/p>\n
Invazia din 2022 a Ucrainei a fost cea care a alertat Finlanda \u0219i Suedia. Acum, vecinul lor, Rusia lui Putin, era suficient de slab\u0103 pentru ca cele dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri s\u0103 \u00eendr\u0103zneasc\u0103 s\u0103 adere la NATO, dar suficient de puternic\u0103 pentru a reprezenta o amenin\u021bare real\u0103. De\u0219i se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 PIB-ul Rusiei este doar cu pu\u021bin mai mare dec\u00e2t cel al Spaniei, aceasta dispune de o armat\u0103 numeroas\u0103 \u0219i de un vast arsenal nuclear. La urma urmei, este cea mai populat\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 din Europa, cu peste 140 de milioane de locuitori. Acest lucru face, din p\u0103cate, s\u0103 fie mult\u0103 carne de tun. Dac\u0103 Putin reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 supun\u0103 Ucraina, este posibil s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendrepte aten\u021bia c\u0103tre alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale fostului Imperiu Rus, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd c\u0103tre cele trei \u021b\u0103ri baltice \u0219i Finlanda. Dac\u0103 ar putea supune aceste patru \u021b\u0103ri, \u00eentr-un fel sau altul, ar deveni o amenin\u021bare real\u0103 \u0219i iminent\u0103 pentru Suedia (\u0219i, desigur, pentru Polonia). \u00cen fundal se profileaz\u0103 \u00eentunecat aliatul lui Putin, Xi Jinping, liderul Partidului Comunist Chinez, care a\u0219teapt\u0103 o ocazie pentru a cuceri Taiwanul \u0219i a prelua controlul asupra M\u0103rii Chinei de Sud. \u00cen prezent, China cheltuie\u0219te pentru armata sa o sum\u0103 de bani similar\u0103 cu cea cheltuit\u0103 de toate \u021b\u0103rile europene la un loc pentru armata lor.<\/p>\n
O nou\u0103 Uniune Kalmar?<\/h3>\n
\u021a\u0103rile nordice au o puternic\u0103 identitate social\u0103, economic\u0103 \u0219i cultural\u0103 comun\u0103 \u0219i se bucur\u0103 de o lung\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp de rela\u021bii de prietenie \u00eentre ele, \u00een special \u00een cadrul Consiliului Nordic (care ar putea servi drept model pentru o Uniune European\u0103 mai restr\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00een viitor). Dar abia acum sunt unite \u00eentr-o alian\u021b\u0103 cu celelalte democra\u021bii europene \u0219i cu partenerii lor nord-americani. Suedia \u0219i Finlanda, cu spiritul lor civic robust \u0219i cu o armat\u0103 bine echipat\u0103, vor contribui \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 la ap\u0103rarea comun\u0103 a Occidentului. Acum este aproape ca \u0219i cum Uniunea Kalmar a fost restaurat\u0103, de data aceasta prin alegere, nu prin cucerire. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, danezii, norvegienii \u0219i islandezii, to\u021bi membri fondatori ai NATO, pot spune suedezilor \u0219i finlandezilor: Bine a\u021bi venit! Bine a\u021bi venit acas\u0103! Aici este locul t\u0103u. „Trebuie, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, s\u0103 ne sp\u00e2nzur\u0103m cu to\u021bii \u00eempreun\u0103 sau, mai mult ca sigur, vom fi sp\u00e2nzura\u021bi separat.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
La 4 aprilie 2023, Finlanda a devenit membr\u0103 a NATO, Organiza\u021bia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord. Unsprezece luni mai t\u00e2rziu, la 7 martie 2024, Suedia a aderat. Acesta a fost un moment istoric. At\u00e2t Finlanda, c\u00e2t \u0219i Suedia \u0219i-au men\u021binut mult timp nealinierea pe timp de pace \u0219i neutralitatea pe timp de r\u0103zboi, de\u0219i ambele erau […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":22455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[700,723,1027,214,1200],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[346],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-22941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politica","tag-finland","tag-nato-membership","tag-nordic","tag-russia","tag-sweden-in-nato","editorial-positions-focus","regions-northern-europe-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\n
Finlanda \u0219i Suedia, bine a\u021bi venit! - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/finlanda-si-suedia-bine-ati-venit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Finlanda \u0219i Suedia, bine a\u021bi venit! - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La 4 aprilie 2023, Finlanda a devenit membr\u0103 a NATO, Organiza\u021bia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord. Unsprezece luni mai t\u00e2rziu, la 7 martie 2024, Suedia a aderat. Acesta a fost un moment istoric. 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