{"id":22977,"date":"2024-03-18T15:29:31","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/legea-privind-piata-digitala-devine-operationala"},"modified":"2024-03-18T15:29:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:29:31","slug":"legea-privind-piata-digitala-devine-operationala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/legea-privind-piata-digitala-devine-operationala","title":{"rendered":"Legea privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103 devine opera\u021bional\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 7 martie, noi reguli \u00een UE. \u0218ase mari companii de tehnologie \u0219i dou\u0103zeci \u0219i dou\u0103 de servicii afectate<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 7 martie 2024, vor deveni opera\u021bionale obliga\u021biile care decurg din Legea privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103, regulament dorit de Uniunea European\u0103 pentru a reglementa \u00eentr-un mod mai echitabil \u0219i mai atent sistemul de concuren\u021b\u0103 \u00een lumea serviciilor oferite pe pia\u021ba digital\u0103. Regulamentul fusese propus de Comisia European\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2020. \u00cen conformitate cu calendarul planificat, dup\u0103 adoptarea de c\u0103tre Parlamentul European \u0219i Consiliul European, regulamentul ar fi intrat \u00een vigoare la 1 noiembrie 2022. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu luna mai 2023, normele au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie aplicate.<\/p>\n

Legea privind pie\u021bele digitale introduce o nou\u0103 dispozi\u021bie de reglementare menit\u0103 s\u0103 limiteze practicile comerciale neloiale, care are ca scop asigurarea unui regim concuren\u021bial, care promoveaz\u0103 un echilibru mai bun \u00eentre interesele publice \u0219i cele private, care are ca scop \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea guvernan\u021bei lumii digitale.<\/p>\n

Identificarea factorilor de control \u0219i a dispozi\u021biilor de reglementare<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Prin Legea privind pie\u021bele digitale („DMA”), UE a dorit mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 reglementeze pozi\u021biile a\u0219a-numitului Big Teck pe pia\u021ba digital\u0103. Termenul „big tech” se refer\u0103 la companiile care de\u021bin ast\u0103zi monopolul \u00een sectorul digital, cu o cifr\u0103 de afaceri cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 500 de miliarde \u0219i 2 trilioane de dolari.<\/p>\n

UE a stabilit, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, criteriile obiective necesare pentru a identifica cine sunt a\u0219a-numi\u021bii „gatekeepers”, adic\u0103 marile platforme care furnizeaz\u0103 servicii digitale. Aceast\u0103 list\u0103 a inclus imediat, de exemplu, motoarele de c\u0103utare, re\u021belele sociale \u0219i serviciile de mesagerie instantanee. Regulamentul le spune gatekeeperilor ce obliga\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 respecte pentru a lucra \u00een Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i ce ac\u021biuni sunt interzise. Pentru a asigura respectarea dispozi\u021biilor DMA, Comisia European\u0103 a efectuat studii de pia\u021b\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pentru a califica societ\u0103\u021bile ca fiind „gatekeepers”, a\u0219a cum prevede regulamentul, iar \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, in itinere, at\u00e2t pentru a actualiza, acolo unde este necesar, obliga\u021biile care trebuie aplicate, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru a oferi instrumente \u0219i strategii utile pentru a \u00eempiedica \u00eenc\u0103lcarea regulamentului.<\/p>\n

\u00cencep\u00e2nd din mai 2023, regulamentul prevedea c\u0103, \u00een termen de dou\u0103 luni, companiile \u00een cauz\u0103 vor trebui s\u0103 informeze Comisia European\u0103 dac\u0103 pot \u00eendeplini criteriile necesare pentru a func\u021biona \u00een UE. Comisia va trebui s\u0103 ia o decizie \u00een termen de 45 de zile cu privire la desemnarea gatekeeperilor. Societ\u0103\u021bile identificate vor trebui apoi s\u0103 se conformeze DMA \u00een termen de \u0219ase luni de la decizia Comisiei.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent sunt implicate \u0219ase a\u0219a-numite companii Big Teck, \u0219i anume Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta \u0219i Microsoft, pentru un total de 22 de servicii care intr\u0103 \u00een domeniul de aplicare al noului regulament european. Acestea includ, de exemplu, \u00een domeniul re\u021belelor de socializare Facebook, TikTok \u0219i Instagram; servicii de mesagerie instantanee precum WhatsApp \u0219i Messenger; motoare de c\u0103utare Chrome \u0219i Safari; \u0219i sisteme de operare (Google Android, iOs \u0219i Windows Pc Os. Sunt implica\u021bi 6 a\u0219a-numi\u021bi Big Tecks.<\/p>\n

UE este printre primele din lume (at\u00e2t la nivel interna\u021bional, c\u00e2t \u0219i la nivel na\u021bional) care a luat m\u0103suri \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, iar DMA este, prin urmare, unul dintre primele acte legislative care stabilesc norme \u00een acest sector economic \u0219i comercial. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, companiile care opereaz\u0103 pe pia\u021ba digital\u0103 \u0219i-au desf\u0103\u0219urat activit\u0103\u021bile f\u0103r\u0103 reguli specifice sau s-au bazat pe reguli care au fost emise \u00een era pre-digital\u0103. \u00cen acest fel, UE dore\u0219te s\u0103 limiteze domina\u021bia marilor companii de tehnologie \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencurajeze participarea altor actori.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, este important s\u0103 subliniem \u0219i s\u0103 clarific\u0103m faptul c\u0103 DMA nu intervine prin modificarea sistemului de norme de concuren\u021b\u0103 deja \u00een vigoare \u00een UE, ci completeaz\u0103 ceea ce se aplic\u0103 deja.<\/p>\n

Dar care sunt aceste obliga\u021bii \u0219i interdic\u021bii din Legea privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103? Printre „lucrurile de f\u0103cut” (adic\u0103 obliga\u021biile), de exemplu, se num\u0103r\u0103 posibilitatea de a permite ter\u021bilor s\u0103 poat\u0103 interac\u021biona cu serviciile gatekeeper-ului; de a permite utilizatorilor platformei s\u0103 promoveze oferte \u0219i s\u0103 semneze noi contracte cu clien\u021bii lor \u0219i \u00een afara platformei gatekeeper-ului; de a permite celor care public\u0103 anun\u021buri pe platforme s\u0103 fac\u0103 verific\u0103ri independente, pun\u00e2nd la dispozi\u021bie toate instrumentele \u0219i informa\u021biile utile \u00een acest scop. Printre „lucrurile pe care nu trebuie s\u0103 le faci” (adic\u0103 interdic\u021biile) se num\u0103r\u0103, de exemplu, tratarea serviciilor proprii mai favorabil\u0103 dec\u00e2t serviciile sau produsele similare oferite de ter\u021bi; \u00eempiedicarea consumatorilor de a se conecta la companii din afara platformelor; \u00eempiedicarea dezinstal\u0103rii programelor \u0219i aplica\u021biilor preinstalate; urm\u0103rirea utilizatorilor \u0219i trimiterea de reclame f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul expres.<\/p>\n

Reglement\u0103ri \u0219i sanc\u021biuni uniforme<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Adoptarea Legii privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103 nu numai c\u0103 a adus claritate \u00een reglementarea unui sector din ce \u00een ce mai important din punct de vedere economic, care p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent nu dispunea de norme clare \u0219i sigure, dar a contribuit \u0219i la uniformizarea dispozi\u021biilor din statele membre, ale c\u0103ror legisla\u021bii na\u021bionale \u00een domeniu alimentau fragmentarea legisla\u021biei UE.<\/p>\n

Regulamentul prevede sanc\u021biuni de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10% din cifra de afaceri total\u0103 pentru companiile care nu \u00ee\u0219i respect\u0103 obliga\u021biile. \u00cen plus, regulamentul prevede c\u0103 sanc\u021biunea poate fi dublat\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care societatea \u00eencalc\u0103 regulile pentru a doua oar\u0103. Ca r\u0103spuns la aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, Big Tech a \u00eenceput s\u0103 anun\u021be c\u0103 \u00een lunile urm\u0103toare vor fi f\u0103cute schimb\u0103ri majore \u0219i substan\u021biale \u00een furnizarea serviciilor sale. Deocamdat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, nimic nu este sigur \u0219i concret, deoarece companiile a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca Comisia European\u0103 s\u0103 se pronun\u021be asupra ajust\u0103rilor propuse.<\/p>\n

Ce se schimb\u0103 pentru utilizatori \u0219i cazul Apple<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ce se schimb\u0103, a\u0219adar, \u00een utilizarea serviciilor identificate de Comisia European\u0103 printre cele care fac obiectul normelor DMA? Meta a prev\u0103zut versiuni cu plat\u0103 ale Facebook \u0219i Instagram, f\u0103r\u0103 publicitate, pentru a se conforma noilor norme europene; \u00een plus, Meta va oferi posibilitatea de a bloca schimbul de date \u00eentre diferite servicii, de exemplu \u00eentre Facebook \u0219i Instagram. Google \u0219i-a dat o nou\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are, lucr\u00e2nd la designul s\u0103u pentru a oferi spa\u021bii de vizibilitate mai mare pe motorul s\u0103u de c\u0103utare pentru servicii similare cu ale sale oferite de al\u021bii. Google a anun\u021bat, de asemenea, c\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 pentru a face sistemul Google Ads mai transparent. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, la fel ca Meta, Google a planificat s\u0103 introduc\u0103 posibilitatea de a bloca schimbul de date \u00eentre diferitele servicii oferite, de exemplu \u00eentre Google Maps \u0219i Chrome.<\/p>\n

Mai complex\u0103 este situa\u021bia Apple, care p\u00e2n\u0103 acum a avut un control mai puternic \u0219i mai pu\u021bin deschis la concuren\u021b\u0103 asupra serviciilor pe care le ofer\u0103. Marele produc\u0103tor american de tehnologie a\u0219teapt\u0103 r\u0103spunsul Comisiei Europene cu privire la planul de adaptare, dar climatul dintre companie \u0219i UE este deja \u00een fierbere, din cauza amenzii de 1,8 miliarde de euro pe care CE a dat-o deja \u00een ultimele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni pentru comportament anticoncuren\u021bial.<\/p>\n

Mai exact, pentru CE, Apple nu a respectat normele antitrust ale UE prin faptul c\u0103 a impus restric\u021bii care au \u00eempiedicat utilizatorii de iOS s\u0103 afle \u0219i s\u0103 utilizeze servicii de abonamente muzicale mai ieftine. Pentru CE, comportamentul societ\u0103\u021bii californiene a \u00eenc\u0103lcat articolul 102 din Tratatul privind func\u021bionarea Uniunii Europene (TFUE). Margrethe Vestager a declarat c\u0103, timp de mai bine de zece ani, Apple „aabuzat de pozi\u021bia sa dominant\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103” <\/em>\u0219i a \u00eempiedicat „dezvoltatorii s\u0103 informeze consumatorii cu privire la disponibilitatea unor servicii muzicale alternative \u0219i mai ieftine \u00een afara ecosistemului Apple. Acest lucru este ilegal \u00een conformitate cu normele antitrust ale UE<\/em>” \u0219i este, a\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat, motivul care a stat la baza amenzii aplicate marii companii de tehnologie din Cupertino.<\/p>\n

Tocmai din acest motiv, una dintre primele inova\u021bii pe care Apple le ofer\u0103 clien\u021bilor s\u0103i este tocmai posibilitatea de a avea acces la magazine de aplica\u021bii alternative \u0219i concurente.<\/p>\n

Prin urmare, a\u0219tept\u0103m s\u0103 vedem cum, \u00een lunile urm\u0103toare, acest nou regulament va face pia\u021ba european\u0103 mai echitabil\u0103 \u0219i va \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u0219i mai mult serviciile oferite cet\u0103\u021benilor.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 7 martie, noi reguli \u00een UE. \u0218ase mari companii de tehnologie \u0219i dou\u0103zeci \u0219i dou\u0103 de servicii afectate \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 7 martie 2024, vor deveni opera\u021bionale obliga\u021biile care decurg din Legea privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103, regulament dorit de Uniunea European\u0103 pentru a reglementa \u00eentr-un mod mai echitabil \u0219i mai atent sistemul de concuren\u021b\u0103 \u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":22291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[1273],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[329,338,346,355],"types":[417],"class_list":["post-22977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","tag-digital-market-act","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","types-news-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nLegea privind pia\u021ba digital\u0103 devine opera\u021bional\u0103 - 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