{"id":25226,"date":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T21:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol"},"modified":"2024-04-23T21:32:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T21:32:07","slug":"ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol","title":{"rendered":"UE produce mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol"},"content":{"rendered":"

Produc\u021bia de petrol a Uniunii Europene a sc\u0103zut dramatic \u00een ultimele decenii, iar dependen\u021ba de importurile de petrol \u0219i produse petroliere a atins un nivel record \u00een 2022. UE nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 produc\u0103 dec\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, acela\u0219i procent de 3% o plaseaz\u0103 pe ultimul loc ca regiune \u00een topul celor mai mari produc\u0103tori de petrol din lume. \u00cen ultimele dou\u0103 decenii, capacitatea de produc\u021bie de petrol a UE a sc\u0103zut la aproximativ 50% din cauza legisla\u021biei stricte de mediu \u0219i a trecerii la gazele naturale. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen cadrul UE, principalii produc\u0103tori de petrol sunt diferi\u021bi de principalii furnizori de produse petroliere. \u00cen prima categorie de produc\u0103tori de petrol, Rom\u00e2nia se afl\u0103 pe locul trei, dar \u00een cea de-a doua, este mult \u00een urm\u0103, la coada clasamentului. Potrivit exper\u021bilor, problema Rom\u00e2niei este lipsa capacit\u0103\u021bii de rafinare, unde a r\u0103mas mult \u00een urm\u0103 \u00een ultimele decenii. De la apogeul s\u0103u de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anii 1930, c\u00e2nd a fost al cincilea exportator de petrol din lume datorit\u0103 produc\u021biei proprii, a trecut prin pierderile masive din timpul celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial cauzate de ocupa\u021bia german\u0103 \u0219i prin rena\u0219terea industriei petroliere \u00een anii comunismului, c\u00e2nd s-au f\u0103cut investi\u021bii masive \u00een construirea de capacit\u0103\u021bi de rafinare. \u00cen prezent, Rom\u00e2nia extrage doar 3 milioane de tone de petrol \u0219i are mai pu\u021bin de jum\u0103tate din rafin\u0103riile din perioada comunist\u0103.<\/p>\n

Italia, unul dintre principalii produc\u0103tori de petrol din Europa<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Potrivit datelor Eurostat pentru anul 2022, publicate recent, Italia este primul produc\u0103tor european de petrol, cu 4,5 milioane de tone, urmat\u0103 de Danemarca – 3,2 milioane de tone \u0219i, imediat dup\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia – 3 milioane de tone. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te produsele petroliere – inclusiv benzin\u0103 \u0219i motorin\u0103, dar \u0219i solven\u021bi pentru industria chimic\u0103 – \u021bara de pe primul loc este Germania, care a procesat aproape 100 de milioane de tone. Italia se afl\u0103, de asemenea, pe locul al doilea, cu 74,6 milioane de tone echivalent petrol. Urmeaz\u0103 Spania, cu 63,4 milioane de tone, \u0219i Olanda, cu 59,6 milioane de tone. Rom\u00e2nia se afl\u0103 \u00een partea a doua a clasamentului, care include \u021b\u0103rile care produc mai pu\u021bin de 20 de milioane de tone de produse petroliere.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Potrivit datelor Eurostat, de\u0219i pre\u021burile petrolului au crescut de la izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului din Ucraina, produc\u021bia de petrol a UE a continuat s\u0103 scad\u0103, iar valoarea importurilor a crescut vertiginos. Comparativ cu 2021, produc\u021bia de petrol a UE \u00een 2022 este \u00een sc\u0103dere cu 7,4%, p\u00e2n\u0103 la un minim istoric de 16,3 milioane de tone. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, importurile au atins un nou maxim istoric de 97,7%, dup\u0103 ce cu un an \u00eenainte au sc\u0103zut brusc la 91,6%, ating\u00e2nd un minim al ultimelor trei decenii. Produc\u021bia de \u021bi\u021bei a UE este \u00een sc\u0103dere din 2004, c\u00e2nd a atins un nivel maxim de peste 40 de milioane de tone. \u00cen termeni procentuali, aceasta reprezint\u0103 o sc\u0103dere de aproximativ 60 % \u00een 20 de ani. Potrivit datelor Energy Institute 2022, compilate de Visual Capitalist, exist\u0103 mai multe motive pentru acest declin, printre care reglement\u0103rile de mediu mai stricte adoptate la nivelul UE \u0219i trecerea la utilizarea predominant\u0103 a gazelor naturale. \u00cen timp ce produc\u021bia de \u021bi\u021bei a sc\u0103zut, nu acela\u0219i lucru s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu produsele petroliere care ies din rafin\u0103riile europene. 544,3 milioane de tone de echivalent petrol au fost prelucrate \u00een rafin\u0103riile din UE \u00een 2022, \u00een cre\u0219tere cu 4,5% fa\u021b\u0103 de 2021. UE a importat 479,6 milioane de tone de \u021bi\u021bei \u00een 2022. Dar statele membre au cump\u0103rat \u0219i produse petroliere. Iar cele mai multe dintre aceste importuri au provenit din Rusia – 88,4 milioane de tone, Norvegia – 54,1 milioane de tone, SUA – 48,3 milioane de tone, Irak – 37,2 milioane de tone \u0219i Kazahstan – 36,6 milioane de tone. <\/span><\/p>\n

SUA, o cincime din totalul ofertei mondiale de petrol <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Potrivit Institutului pentru Energie, aceast\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 de sc\u0103dere a produc\u021biei de petrol nu poate fi observat\u0103 la marii produc\u0103tori mondiali. SUA, care este cel mai mare produc\u0103tor de \u021bi\u021bei \u00een 2018, producea un nivel record de 18 milioane de barili pe zi (echivalentul a 2,6 milioane de tone) \u00een 2022. Cu aceast\u0103 cantitate, SUA de\u021bin aproximativ o cincime din totalul rezervelor de petrol din lume. Dup\u0103 SUA urmeaz\u0103 Arabia Saudit\u0103 – cu 12 milioane de barili pe zi, iar pe locul trei – Rusia, cu 11 milioane de barili pe zi. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Canada \u0219i Irak, care produc 5,6 milioane de barili\/zi \u0219i, respectiv, 4,5 milioane de barili\/zi – primii cinci juc\u0103tori de pe pia\u021ba mondial\u0103 a petrolului au furnizat mai mult de jum\u0103tate din cererea global\u0103 total\u0103. Emiratele Arabe Unite, Iranul, Brazilia, Kuweit \u0219i China furnizeaz\u0103 peste 20% din cererea mondial\u0103 de petrol. Produc\u021bia global\u0103 a acestor 10 gigan\u021bi ai pie\u021bei a crescut cu 4,2% \u00een 2022, comparativ cu 2021.<\/p>\n

Importurile de petrol vor cre\u0219te \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Potrivit datelor Institutului European de Statistic\u0103, produc\u021bia de \u021bi\u021bei a Rom\u00e2niei ar urma s\u0103 scad\u0103 cu 6% \u00een 2022 fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. Tendin\u021ba de sc\u0103dere a produc\u021biei este men\u021bionat\u0103 \u0219i de Comisia Na\u021bional\u0103 de Strategie \u0219i Prognoz\u0103 de la Bucure\u0219ti, care estimeaz\u0103 \u00een continuare o sc\u0103dere a produc\u021biei de petrol a Rom\u00e2niei \u00eentre 2023 \u0219i 2026, cu o rat\u0103 medie anual\u0103 de 2,2%, din cauza declinului natural al z\u0103c\u0103mintelor \u0219i a nedezvolt\u0103rii capacit\u0103\u021bilor de produc\u021bie. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, speciali\u0219tii de la Bucure\u0219ti mai sus\u021bin c\u0103 importurile de petrol vor cre\u0219te \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103, cu o rat\u0103 medie de 4,1%. <\/span><\/p>\n

Acest procent pare neverosimil dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim c\u0103 importurile de petrol ale Rom\u00e2niei \u00een 2022 au crescut cu 27% fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. Cantitatea total\u0103 de petrol importat\u0103 a fost de 8,9 milioane de tone, practic de trei ori mai mare dec\u00e2t produc\u021bia. Dup\u0103 izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului din Ucraina \u0219i embargoul asupra petrolului rusesc, una dintre cele mai importante surse de import de petrol \u0219i produse petroliere ale Rom\u00e2niei, materia prim\u0103 pentru cele trei rafin\u0103rii care mai prelucreaz\u0103 \u021bi\u021bei pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei provine din Kazahstan \u0219i Azerbaidjan. Aproape 40% din cantit\u0103\u021bile prelucrate \u00een aceste rafin\u0103rii provin numai din Kazahstan.<\/p>\n

Doar 4 din cele 34 de rafin\u0103rii mai func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

La momentul Revolu\u021biei din decembrie 1989, Rom\u00e2nia avea zece rafin\u0103rii care procesau 34 de milioane de tone de petrol. Cum capacitatea de procesare era mult mai mare dec\u00e2t capacitatea de extrac\u021bie, dar \u0219i dec\u00e2t necesarul de consum intern, \u00een perioada comunist\u0103, statul rom\u00e2n a importat masiv petrol, \u00een special din Iran \u0219i Irak, \u0219i a exportat produse petroliere mai departe. Odat\u0103 cu c\u0103derea regimului Ceau\u0219escu, \u00een perioada de privatizare major\u0103 care a urmat, au r\u0103mas patru din cele zece rafin\u0103rii. \u00cen ultimele trei decenii, acestea au intrat \u00een proprietate str\u0103in\u0103. Prima care a investit \u00een petrol \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een 1995, a fost compania rus\u0103 Lukoil, care a preluat \u0219i rafin\u0103ria Petrotel. A urmat privatizarea celei mai mari rafin\u0103rii din Rom\u00e2nia, Petromidia N\u0103vodari, care, dup\u0103 o serie de schimb\u0103ri \u00een ac\u021bionariatul companiei care a privatizat-o ini\u021bial, a ajuns s\u0103 fie controlat\u0103 de compania de stat kazah\u0103 de petrol \u0219i gaze, KazMunayGaz, \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, de OMV, compania de stat austriac\u0103 care a preluat controlul ultimei companii de stat rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti din domeniu \u0219i, odat\u0103 cu ea, rafin\u0103ria Petrobrazi Ploie\u0219ti. Cea de-a patra rafin\u0103rie din Rom\u00e2nia – Vega Ploie\u0219ti – apar\u021bine aceleia\u0219i corpora\u021bii care de\u021bine \u0219i Petromidia N\u0103vodari. Vega nu rafineaz\u0103 petrol, ci doar produse secundare de la Petromidia. \u00cen timp ce primele trei rafin\u0103rii produc benzin\u0103 \u0219i motorin\u0103, Vega produce \u00een principal bitum, dar \u0219i combustibili lichizi pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u0219i alte subproduse petroliere.<\/p>\n

Cu o capacitate de rafinare de aproape 6 milioane de tone pe an, Petromidia N\u0103vodari este una dintre cele mai mari rafin\u0103rii din zona M\u0103rii Negre \u0219i asigur\u0103 aproximativ 40% din capacitatea de rafinare a Rom\u00e2niei. Aceasta rafineaz\u0103 \u00een principal petrol din Kazahstan, cu sprijinul ac\u021bionarului majoritar al companiei de\u021bin\u0103toare, care de\u021bine \u0219i o flot\u0103 de petroliere care livreaz\u0103 petrol \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103. Cu o experien\u021b\u0103 de 150 de ani \u00een extrac\u021bia petrolului, Rom\u00e2nia a avut parte de succese r\u0103sun\u0103toare \u00een domeniu, dar \u0219i de declin. \u00cen 1857, Rom\u00e2nia a fost prima \u021bar\u0103 cu o produc\u021bie de petrol \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een statisticile oficiale interna\u021bionale, cu 275 de tone, \u00eenaintea SUA. De asemenea, Rom\u00e2nia a construit prima sond\u0103 comercial\u0103 de petrol, iar Bucure\u0219tiul a fost primul ora\u0219 din lume care a fost iluminat cu kerosen. \u00cen perioada interbelic\u0103, a fost al cincilea mare exportator de petrol din lume.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Produc\u021bia de petrol a Uniunii Europene a sc\u0103zut dramatic \u00een ultimele decenii, iar dependen\u021ba de importurile de petrol \u0219i produse petroliere a atins un nivel record \u00een 2022. UE nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 produc\u0103 dec\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, acela\u0219i procent de 3% o plaseaz\u0103 pe ultimul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[224,236],"tags":[1411,1410],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[329,338,346,355,365],"types":[417],"class_list":["post-25226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energie-ro","category-mediu","tag-europes-top-oil-producers","tag-european-unions-oil","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-news-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nUE produce mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UE produce mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Produc\u021bia de petrol a Uniunii Europene a sc\u0103zut dramatic \u00een ultimele decenii, iar dependen\u021ba de importurile de petrol \u0219i produse petroliere a atins un nivel record \u00een 2022. 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UE nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 produc\u0103 dec\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, acela\u0219i procent de 3% o plaseaz\u0103 pe ultimul […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol","og_site_name":"The Conservative","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eugen.olariu.1","article_published_time":"2024-04-23T21:31:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-23T21:32:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/oil-ring-pump1-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Eugen Olariu","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Scris de":"Eugen Olariu","Timp estimat pentru citire":"8 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol"},"author":{"name":"Eugen Olariu","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro#\/schema\/person\/6c786247c8de5b7ab0ee5cdaf2c1c0fd"},"headline":"UE produce mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol","datePublished":"2024-04-23T21:31:08+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-23T21:32:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol"},"wordCount":1515,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/oil-ring-pump1-scaled.jpg","keywords":["Europe's top oil producers","European Union's oil"],"articleSection":["Energie","Mediu"],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol","url":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/ue-produce-mai-putin-de-3-din-necesarul-sau-de-petrol","name":"UE produce mai pu\u021bin de 3% din necesarul s\u0103u de petrol - 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