{"id":27898,"date":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/europa-in-pragul-unei-noi-crize-imobiliare"},"modified":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T06:36:46","slug":"europa-in-pragul-unei-noi-crize-imobiliare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/europa-in-pragul-unei-noi-crize-imobiliare","title":{"rendered":"Europa, \u00een pragul unei noi crize imobiliare"},"content":{"rendered":"

Europa, ca \u015fi \u00eentreaga lume, se afl\u0103 la \u00eenceputurile unei noi crize imobiliare. Pentru prima dat\u0103 dup\u0103 criza economic\u0103 \u015fi financiar\u0103 din 2008, ale c\u0103rei efecte s-au resim\u0163it inclusiv pe pia\u0163a imobiliar\u0103, noua criz\u0103 amenin\u0163\u0103 cea mai larg\u0103 categorie de cet\u0103\u0163eni a Europei: clasa de mijloc. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nesiguran\u0163a \u015fi chiar frica, amenin\u0163area pierderii acoperi\u015fului de deasupra capului \u00eei apropie pe exponen\u0163ii acestei categorii sociale de extrem\u0103 dreapt\u0103 \u015fi reprezentan\u0163ii curentului populist, care folosesc aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, al\u0103turi de cea a migra\u0163iei, pentru a ob\u021bine c\u00e2t mai multe locuri \u00een Parlamentul European. Acestea sunt concluziile unui studiu publicat, recent, de The Guardian, care citeaz\u0103 avertismentul unui expert ONU. Conform acestuia, noua criz\u0103 imobiliar\u0103 va afecta nu mai pu\u0163in de patru categorii de europeni.<\/p>\n

\u201cCriza locuin\u021belor nu mai afecteaz\u0103 doar persoanele cu venituri mici, imigran\u021bii sau familiile monoparentale, ci \u0219i clasa de mijloc\u201d, a declarat raportorul special al ONU pentru locuin\u021be, Balakrishnan Rajagopal, potrivit The Guardian.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Conform unor speciali\u015fti, criza imobiliar\u0103 ar fi debutat odat\u0103 cu criza economic\u0103 ce \u00ee\u015fi are originile \u00een r\u0103zboiul din Ucraina \u015fi care s-a manifestat cu cre\u015fterea infla\u0163iei \u015fi a pre\u0163urilor la energie, care au antrenat scumpiri \u00een lan\u0163, toate av\u00e2nd ca finalitate sc\u0103derea puterii de cump\u0103rare. \u00cen cazul pie\u0163ei imobiliare, criza are \u015fi cauzele ei directe \u2013 sc\u0103derea sectorului construc\u0163iilor, imigra\u0163ia masiv\u0103, \u00een special c\u0103tre marile ora\u015fe, \u015fi lipsa unor m\u0103suri sociale din partea guvernelor. <\/span><\/p>\n

De alt\u0103 opinie sunt anali\u015ftii cita\u0163i de The Guardian, care sus\u0163in c\u0103 criza imobiliar\u0103 a debutat mult mai de mult \u015fi s-a tot ad\u00e2ncit \u00een ultimii zece ani, iar acum a escaladat. Conform acestora, ea este mai acut\u0103 \u00een ora\u015fele mari \u015fi are ca \u015fi cauze imigra\u0163ia masiv\u0103 din ultimul deceniu, dar \u015fi turismul, care s-a \u201ctrezit\u201d dup\u0103 pandemie. Ea se resimte \u00een toat\u0103 Europa, din Olanda p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Portugalia, din Grecia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Germania, dar \u015fi \u00een Marea Britanie.<\/p>\n

Pre\u021burile locuin\u021belor au crescut cu 50% \u00een ultimul deceniu <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

La cump\u0103rare, pre\u0163urile locuin\u0163elor au crescut, \u00een Europa, \u00een ultimul deceniu \u2013 2010-2022 \u2013 cu aproape 50%. \u00cen ce prive\u015fte chiriile, \u00een aceea\u015fi perioad\u0103, cre\u015fterea se apropie de 20%, arat\u0103 datele Eurostat. De\u015fi mai redus\u0103 ca \u015fi cuantum, cre\u015fterea pre\u0163urilor pe pia\u0163a \u00eenchirierilor are efecte mai severe, \u00een principal din prisma categoriilor sociale pe care le afecteaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimele luni, lipsa locuin\u0163elor accesibile a dus la proteste \u00een mai multe capitale \u015fi mari ora\u015fe din UE, precum Lisabona, Amsterdam, Praga, Milano, dar \u015fi la Londra. Exist\u0103 state europene \u00een care peste 20% din gospod\u0103rii cheltuiesc peste 40% sau chiar mai mult din venitul net pentru chirie. Pentru tineri, pre\u0163urile actuale la chirii le \u201dm\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103\u201d aproximativ jum\u0103tate din venituri, iar ipotecile ajung s\u0103 fie \u015fi de 10 ori mai mari dec\u00e2t salariul mediu.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Germania, singura \u0163ar\u0103 din Europa \u00een care num\u0103rul chiria\u015filor \u00eel dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte pe cel al proprietarilor, chiria a crescut, \u00een special \u00een marile ora\u015fe, astronomic. La Berlin, chiria a crescut cu 9 la sut\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur an: pentru un apartament de aproximativ 60 de metri p\u0103tra\u021bi, se pl\u0103tesc \u00een medie peste 800 de euro pe lun\u0103, iar la M\u00fcnchen chiar mai mult, 1.115 de euro pentru un apartament de acelea\u015fi dimensiuni, potrivit Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. <\/span>Cauzele sunt multiple, printre acestea afl\u00e2ndu-se \u015fi num\u0103rul mult redus de locuin\u0163e nou construite comparativ cu cererea. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen Germania, lipsesc peste 800.000 de locuin\u0163e, iar nevoia este \u00een continu\u0103 cre\u015ftere. Ambi\u0163iosul plan al guvernului federal de a construi anual 400.000 de locuin\u0163e, dintre care 100.000 de locuin\u0163e sociale, este greu de realizat din cauza costurilor ridicate \u015fi a dob\u00e2nzilor cresc\u00e2nde. \u00cen aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103, aproape 10 milioane de oameni, \u00een special familii monoparentale, tr\u0103iesc \u00een spa\u0163ii restr\u00e2nse \u2013 o spun datele Oficiului Federal de Statistic\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n

Situa\u0163ia este \u015fi mai disperat\u0103 \u00een Lituania, unde chiriile au crescut cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 144%, \u015fi \u00een Irlanda, unde majorarea dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte deja de 80%. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului trecut, chiria, pentru un apartament cu un dormitor, \u00een zonele centrale ale Dublinului se ridica la peste 1.900 de euro, iar \u00een vestul ora\u015fului, o zon\u0103 mai pu\u021bin atractiv\u0103, media era de 1.300 de euro.<\/p>\n

Rom\u00e2nia – cre\u0219teri de 35 % la chirii, pre\u021bul locuin\u021belor – cre\u0219teri de 25%<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Conform speciali\u015ftilor autohtoni, Rom\u00e2nia a cunoscut \u015fi ea cre\u015fteri importante ale pre\u0163ului propriet\u0103\u0163ilor imobiliare \u015fi a chiriilor, \u00eens\u0103 majorarea nu a ajuns deocamdat\u0103 la nivelul celei din Vest. \u00cen perioada 2010-2023, chiriile au crescut \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een medie, cu 35%, iar la cump\u0103rare, pre\u0163ul locuin\u0163elor s-a majorat cu 25,5%. Speciali\u015ftii precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 pre\u0163urile care se situeaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 marj\u0103 de cre\u015ftere reprezint\u0103, totu\u015fi, o medie, care este \u0163inut\u0103 oarecum jos de pre\u0163urile din ora\u015fele mai mici.<\/p>\n

Infla\u0163ia din ultimii doi ani a afectat serios pia\u0163a imobiliar\u0103, cre\u015fterile de pre\u0163 ale materialelor de construc\u0163ii \u00eenregistr\u00e2nd cote record fa\u0163\u0103 de anii anteriori. Cu toate aceste cre\u015fteri, Bucure\u015ftiul (capitala Rom\u00e2niei) r\u0103m\u00e2ne sub media UE \u00een ce prive\u015fte chiriile, chiar dac\u0103 povara financiar\u0103 pe care aceast\u0103 cheltuial\u0103 lunar\u0103 o pune asupra c\u00e2\u015ftigurilor tinerilor sau a familiilor monoparentale este semnificativ\u0103. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului trecut, pre\u0163ul mediu de \u00eenchiriere al unui apartament cu dou\u0103 camere era de 558 de euro, \u00een cre\u015ftere cu 16% fa\u0163\u0103 de aceea\u015fi perioad\u0103 a anului trecut. \u00cen condi\u0163iile \u00een care c\u00e2\u015ftigul net mediu \u00een Rom\u00e2nia s-a cifrat, anul trecut, la pu\u0163in peste 900 de euro, se poate spune c\u0103, pentru mul\u0163i rom\u00e2ni, mai mult de jum\u0103tate din venit s-a dus pe chirie. Chiar \u015fi a\u015fa, Bucure\u015ftiul este sub marile capitale europene, la Paris spre exemplu chiria medie fiind de 80% din salariul mediu net, iar la Berlin \u2013 de 70%.<\/p>\n

Criza locuin\u0163elor, exploatat\u0103 politic<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00cen aceste condi\u0163ii, criza locuin\u0163elor la nivel european, declan\u015fat\u0103 de chiriile \u00een cre\u015ftere \u015fi de pre\u0163urile foarte mari ale propriet\u0103\u0163ilor, a devenit un subiect important \u00een campania de dinainte de alegerile pentru Parlamentul European, exploatat la maximum de partidele populiste, se arat\u0103 \u00een analiza realizat\u0103 de The Guardian. Al\u0103turi de subiectul imigra\u0163iei, criza imigra\u0163iei ar putea fi exploatat\u0103 cu succes de aceste forma\u0163iuni politice care, potrivit sondajelor efectuate la nivelul UE, ar putea ajunge pe primul loc \u00een nou\u0103 state membre ale UE \u015fi pe locul al doilea sau al treilea \u00een alte nou\u0103 state, sus\u0163in anali\u015ftii The Guardian. Ace\u0219tia citeaz\u0103 Olanda, unde partidul de extrem\u0103 dreapta condus de Geert Wilders a c\u00e2\u0219tigat alegerile generale din 2023 pe baza unor mesaje anti-imigran\u021bi care au fost acuza\u021bi de criza imobiliar\u0103, ca exemplu al impactului pe care criza imobiliar\u0103 \u00eel poate avea asupra alegerilor. Potrivit lui Geert Wilders, de vin\u0103 pentru criza din sectorul rezidential ar fi inclusiv studen\u0163ii str\u0103ini, al c\u0103ror num\u0103r a crescut puternic \u00een ultimii ani.<\/p>\n

Problemele din Olanda au \u00eenceput cu mai bine de 10 ani \u00een urm\u0103, c\u00e2nd, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 persoanele f\u0103r\u0103 ad\u0103post \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 venituri, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 solicite locuin\u0163e sociale \u015fi tineri sau b\u0103tr\u00e2ni care aveau joburi sau pensii, dar nu \u00ee\u015fi mai permiteau plata chiriei. \u00cen medie, \u00een \u0162\u0103rile de Jos, o cas\u0103 cost\u0103 \u00een prezent, 452.000 euro, de peste 10 ori mai mult dec\u00e2t salariul mediu anual, care este de 44.000 euro. Pre\u0163ul caselor s-a dublat \u00een ultimii 10 ani, iar \u00een cele mai c\u0103utate zone majorarea ajunge chiar \u015fi la 130%. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Chiriile din sectorul privat, care reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 15% din totalul num\u0103rului de locuin\u0163e, au crescut \u015fi ele substan\u0163ial. O singur\u0103 camer\u0103 \u00eentr-o cas\u0103 din Amsterdam cost\u0103 950 de euro pe lun\u0103; un studio cost\u0103 cel pu\u0163in 1.500 de euro sau mai mult, iar un apartament pentru trei persoane ajunge la 3.500 de euro. \u00centre timp, lista de a\u015fteptare \u00een sectorul locuin\u0163elor sociale, care este de aproximativ dou\u0103 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t cea a locuin\u0163elor private, este \u00een medie de \u015fapte ani la nivel na\u0163ional – dar \u00een marile ora\u015fe, \u00een special \u00een Amsterdam, poate ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 sau 19 ani. <\/span><\/p>\n

De vin\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie – sus\u0163in anali\u015ftii cita\u0163i de The Guardian- ar fi politica guvernamental\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul anilor 2010, c\u00e2nd a fost desfiin\u0163at Ministerul Locuin\u0163elor \u015fi al Planific\u0103rii \u015fi a fost liberalizat\u0103 v\u00e2nzarea de locuin\u0163e. Astfel s-a ajuns ca aproximativ un sfert din apartamentele din marile ora\u015fe ale \u0163\u0103rii s\u0103 fie de\u0163inute de investitori priva\u021bi. La asta s-ar fi ad\u0103ugat o serie de alte m\u0103suri legislative, precum dispari\u0163ia subven\u0163iilor pentru construc\u0163ia de locuin\u0163e sau precum scutirea de impozit pe ipotec\u0103 pentru cump\u0103r\u0103tori. Aceastea, de\u015fi au fost menite a ajuta tinerii s\u0103-\u015fi achizi\u0163ioneze o prim\u0103 cas\u0103, au sf\u00e2r\u015fit prin a ajuta proprietarii existen\u0163i s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 \u00een mai multe propriet\u0103\u0163i \u015fi s\u0103 stimuleze cre\u015fterea pre\u0163urilor la chirii.<\/p>\n

„Europa a b\u0103ut Kool-Aid-ul anilor 1980… pie\u0163ele erau bune, planificarea era rea” (…)” (…) „Dar pie\u0163ele au grij\u0103 doar de ele \u00eensele. Dac\u0103 se renun\u0163\u0103 la planificarea de stat, nimeni nu mai furnizeaz\u0103 locuin\u0163e. \u015ei asta este ceea ce permite PVV (n.red partidul de extrem\u0103 dreapt\u0103 din Olanda), de exemplu, s\u0103 dea vina pe emigran\u0163i pentru criza olandez\u0103, c\u00e2nd nu exist\u0103 nicio dovad\u0103 c\u0103 migran\u0163ii sunt de vin\u0103. Dac\u0103 vrem s\u0103 oprim ascensiunea extremei drepte, s\u0103 o priv\u0103m de ceva oxigen, lucruri precum locuin\u0163ele trebuie s\u0103 fie considerate drepturi fundamentale”, a declarat raportorul special al ONU pentru Locuin\u0163e, Balakrishnan Rajagopal, citat de The Guardian. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Europa, ca \u015fi \u00eentreaga lume, se afl\u0103 la \u00eenceputurile unei noi crize imobiliare. Pentru prima dat\u0103 dup\u0103 criza economic\u0103 \u015fi financiar\u0103 din 2008, ale c\u0103rei efecte s-au resim\u0163it inclusiv pe pia\u0163a imobiliar\u0103, noua criz\u0103 amenin\u0163\u0103 cea mai larg\u0103 categorie de cet\u0103\u0163eni a Europei: clasa de mijloc. Nesiguran\u0163a \u015fi chiar frica, amenin\u0163area pierderii acoperi\u015fului de deasupra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":27819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[1522,1523,1524],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[329,338,346,355,365],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-27898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comert-si-economie","tag-house-prices-in-europe","tag-housing-crisis","tag-rental-house-in-eu","editorial-positions-focus","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nEuropa, \u00een pragul unei noi crize imobiliare - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/europa-in-pragul-unei-noi-crize-imobiliare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Europa, \u00een pragul unei noi crize imobiliare - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Europa, ca \u015fi \u00eentreaga lume, se afl\u0103 la \u00eenceputurile unei noi crize imobiliare. Pentru prima dat\u0103 dup\u0103 criza economic\u0103 \u015fi financiar\u0103 din 2008, ale c\u0103rei efecte s-au resim\u0163it inclusiv pe pia\u0163a imobiliar\u0103, noua criz\u0103 amenin\u0163\u0103 cea mai larg\u0103 categorie de cet\u0103\u0163eni a Europei: clasa de mijloc. 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