{"id":37534,"date":"2025-01-06T07:52:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T07:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/irlanda-si-directiva-ue-privind-practicile-comerciale-neloiale"},"modified":"2025-01-06T07:52:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T07:52:33","slug":"irlanda-si-directiva-ue-privind-practicile-comerciale-neloiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/irlanda-si-directiva-ue-privind-practicile-comerciale-neloiale","title":{"rendered":"Irlanda \u0219i Directiva UE privind practicile comerciale neloiale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Preocup\u0103rile legate de impactul practicilor comerciale neloiale (PCL), definite \u00een general ca practici care se abat \u00een mod flagrant de la buna conduit\u0103 comercial\u0103, sunt contrare bunei-credin\u021be \u0219i corectitudinii \u0219i sunt impuse unilateral de un partener comercial altuia, au fost o caracteristic\u0103 recurent\u0103 a dezbaterilor publice \u0219i politice \u00eentre produc\u0103torii\/furnizorii agricoli \u0219i cump\u0103r\u0103torii de produse agricole din UE \u0219i Irlanda cel pu\u021bin \u00een ultimul deceniu. La nivelul Comisiei Europene, \u00eenainte de 2016, s-a considerat c\u0103, \u00een timp ce integrarea cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 a sectorului agroalimentar european pe pie\u021bele globale crea oportunit\u0103\u021bi comerciale importante, aceasta ducea, de asemenea, la o expunere mai mare la imperfec\u021biunile pie\u021bei, la volatilitatea pre\u021burilor \u0219i la posibilit\u0103\u021bi sporite ca veniturile furnizorilor agricoli s\u0103 fie afectate negativ de PTU. Astfel, furnizorii au r\u0103mas cu pu\u021bine sau deloc c\u0103i de atac sau protec\u021bii de reglementare eficiente, ceea ce i-a dezavantajat semnificativ pe pia\u021b\u0103. \u00cen acest context, s-a \u00een\u021beles, \u00een general, c\u0103 dezechilibrul de putere \u00een dinamica furnizor\/cump\u0103r\u0103tor favorizeaz\u0103 cump\u0103r\u0103torul \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 dispropor\u021bionat\u0103. Furnizorii, adesea mai mici \u0219i mai vulnerabili, se confruntau cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een negocierea unor condi\u021bii echitabile sau \u00een ob\u021binerea de desp\u0103gubiri \u00een caz de exploatare, ceea ce exacerba \u0219i mai mult inegalit\u0103\u021bile de venit \u00een cadrul lan\u021bului de aprovizionare agricol\u0103. \u00cen efortul de a identifica \u0219i de a revizui cele mai frecvente practici comerciale neunitare \u0219i de a stabili ce m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie pentru agricultori \u0219i furnizori ar putea fi introduse pentru a crea o rela\u021bie comercial\u0103 echilibrat\u0103, Comisia European\u0103 a creat un grup de exper\u021bi denumit Grupul operativ pentru pie\u021bele agricole. Aceast\u0103 decizie a fost luat\u0103 \u00een urma unei reuniuni a Consiliului European din septembrie 2015, \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia a fost subliniat\u0103 necesitatea urgent\u0103 de a aborda aceste aspecte. \u00cen cadrul aceleia\u0219i reuniuni, irlandezul Phil Hogan, pe atunci comisar european pentru agricultur\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltare rural\u0103, a prezentat un pachet de solidaritate \u00een valoare de 500 de milioane EUR pentru a sprijini pie\u021bele agricole din UE care se confrunt\u0103 cu volatilitate din cauza embargoului rus \u00eempotriva importurilor de alimente din UE \u0219i a \u00eencetinirii cererii din partea Chinei. Grupul consultativ la nivel \u00eenalt creat \u00een timpul acestei reuniuni a fost \u00eens\u0103rcinat cu examinarea func\u021bion\u0103rii lan\u021bului de aprovizionare \u0219i a pozi\u021biei agricultorilor \u00een cadrul acestuia. \u00cen timp, acest grup a fost desemnat oficial drept Grupul operativ pentru pie\u021bele agricole. Sarcina grupului operativ a fost de a oferi Comisiei Europene consiliere \u0219i expertiz\u0103 cu privire la func\u021bionarea pie\u021belor agricole \u0219i la pozi\u021bia agricultorilor \u00een cadrul lan\u021bului de aprovizionare. De asemenea, a fost \u00eens\u0103rcinat s\u0103 formuleze recomand\u0103ri \u0219i s\u0103 propun\u0103 ini\u021biative politice pentru a aborda dezechilibrele \u0219i practicile neloiale care afecteaz\u0103 produc\u0103torii agricoli. Unul dintre cadrele la nivelul Uniunii pentru abordarea practicilor comerciale neloiale care a rezultat din acest proces a fost Directiva UE 2019\/633 privind practicile comerciale neloiale (PCN). Aceast\u0103 directiv\u0103 subliniaz\u0103 \u00een mod specific modul \u00een care de protec\u021biile oferite ar trebui s\u0103 beneficieze \u00een primul r\u00e2nd produc\u0103torii agricoli \u0219i persoanele fizice sau juridice care furnizeaz\u0103 produse agricole \u0219i alimentare, inclusiv organiza\u021biile de produc\u0103tori. De asemenea, directiva stabile\u0219te norme minime armonizate pentru lan\u021bul de aprovizionare cu produse agricole \u0219i alimentare aplicabile \u00een toate statele membre ale UE, inclusiv \u00een Irlanda. \u00cen mod important, directiva clasific\u0103 practicile neunitare \u00een dou\u0103 grupe: practicile negre \u0219i practicile gri. Printre practicile negre se num\u0103r\u0103 pl\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2rziate, modific\u0103rile unilaterale ale contractelor de furnizare \u0219i refuzul de a furniza o confirmare scris\u0103 a contractelor de furnizare. Acestea sunt considerate de-a dreptul inacceptabile \u0219i sunt interzise \u00een temeiul directivei.<\/p>\n

Practicile gri, pe de alt\u0103 parte, includ ac\u021biuni precum returnarea produselor perisabile nev\u00e2ndute sau solicitarea furnizorilor de a pl\u0103ti costurile de marketing, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care s-a convenit \u00een mod explicit. Aceste practici sunt permise numai \u00een condi\u021bii specifice \u0219i cu acord prealabil. Cu toate acestea, trebuie remarcat faptul c\u0103 Irlanda \u00eencepuse deja s\u0103 abordeze problema UTP pe plan intern \u00eenainte de adoptarea directivei. \u00cen 2018, Comisia comun\u0103 pentru agricultur\u0103, alimenta\u021bie \u0219i mediul marin a Parlamentului irlandez a elaborat o contribu\u021bie politic\u0103 privind propunerea legislativ\u0103 a UE COM (2018)173 – Propunere de directiv\u0103 privind practicile comerciale neloiale \u00een rela\u021biile dintre \u00eentreprinderi \u00een cadrul lan\u021bului de aprovizionare cu alimente. Aceasta a condus la aprobarea de c\u0103tre guvernul irlandez a schemei generale \u0219i publicarea ulterioar\u0103 a proiectului de lege privind lan\u021bul de aprovizionare agricol\u0103 \u0219i alimentar\u0103 2022. Acest proces legislativ a fost fundamentat de o consultare public\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 \u00een 2021 cu privire la func\u021biile care urmau s\u0103 fie atribuite unui nou birou, denumit ulterior Ombudsmanul\/Regulatorul alimentar na\u021bional. Punctul culminant al acestor eforturi a fost Legea privind lan\u021bul de aprovizionare agricol\u0103 \u0219i alimentar\u0103 din 2023, care a instituit o nou\u0103 autoritate statutar\u0103 independent\u0103, An Rial\u00e1la\u00ed Agraibhia (Autoritatea de reglementare agroalimentar\u0103 sau „Autoritatea de reglementare”). Obiectivul acestei noi autorit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een conformitate cu Directiva UE din 2019, este de a promova corectitudinea \u0219i transparen\u021ba \u00een lan\u021bul de aprovizionare cu produse agricole \u0219i alimentare din Irlanda. Func\u021biile-cheie atribuite autorit\u0103\u021bii de reglementare \u00een temeiul Legii din 2023 includ: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Echitate \u0219i transparen\u021b\u0103 \u00een lan\u021bul de aprovizionare agroalimentar\u0103:<\/strong> Autoritatea de reglementare are sarcina de a lua \u00een considerare nevoile \u0219i circumstan\u021bele specifice ale sectorului agricol \u0219i alimentar, cu un accent deosebit pe agricultur\u0103, pescuit \u0219i \u00eentreprinderile mici din sectorul alimentar.<\/li>\n
  2. Informare \u0219i implicare:<\/strong> Autoritatea de reglementare va publica analize ale pre\u021burilor \u0219i datelor de pia\u021b\u0103 referitoare la lan\u021bul de aprovizionare agroalimentar\u0103, cu scopul de a spori transparen\u021ba pie\u021bei.<\/li>\n
  3. Respectarea legisla\u021biei privind comer\u021bul neloial:<\/strong> Autoritatea de reglementare este responsabil\u0103 de promovarea \u00een\u021belegerii \u0219i respect\u0103rii legisla\u021biei privind practicile neloiale \u00een sectorul agroalimentar.<\/li>\n
  4. Punerea \u00een aplicare a legisla\u021biei privind tranzac\u021biile neloiale:<\/strong> Autoritatea de reglementare ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een calitate de autoritate de executare desemnat\u0103 \u00een temeiul Directivei (UE) 2019\/633 \u0219i este responsabil\u0103 de asigurarea respect\u0103rii reglement\u0103rilor privind practicile neloiale.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Dispozi\u021biile suplimentare ale legii \u00eemputernicesc autoritatea de reglementare s\u0103 emit\u0103 orient\u0103ri, s\u0103 revizuiasc\u0103 codurile de practic\u0103 \u0219i permit ministrului agriculturii s\u0103 consulte autoritatea de reglementare cu privire la propunerile legislative referitoare la corectitudinea \u0219i transparen\u021ba lan\u021bului de aprovizionare agroalimentar\u0103. \u00cen ciuda \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii sale recente, autoritatea de reglementare \u00een domeniul agroalimentar a ini\u021biat deja activit\u0103\u021bi semnificative. Acesta a confirmat c\u0103 a ini\u021biat proceduri judiciare \u00eempotriva unei \u00eentreprinderi cump\u0103r\u0103toare pentru o presupus\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcare a practicilor comerciale neloiale. \u00cen plus, aceasta a efectuat mai multe inspec\u021bii de conformitate la fa\u021ba locului pentru a se asigura c\u0103 politicile, procedurile, sistemele \u0219i controalele interne ale \u00eentreprinderilor \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele Legii 2023 \u0219i ale regulamentelor asociate. Autoritatea de reglementare a indicat, de asemenea, c\u0103 aceste inspec\u021bii vor continua, pun\u00e2nd accentul pe abord\u0103ri specifice, bazate pe riscuri. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, activit\u0103\u021bile de punere \u00een aplicare ale autorit\u0103\u021bii de reglementare nu au fost contestate \u00een justi\u021bie. De\u0219i crearea autorit\u0103\u021bii de reglementare \u00een domeniul agroalimentar a fost salutat\u0103 \u00een general ca un pas pozitiv, au existat critici cu privire la legisla\u021bia care st\u0103 la baza func\u021bion\u0103rii acesteia. Aceste critici se concentreaz\u0103 \u00een principal pe limit\u0103rile percepute ale mandatului \u0219i competen\u021belor sale. De exemplu, \u00een prezent, autoritatea de reglementare nu are autoritatea de a efectua inspec\u021bii aleatorii la furnizori \u0219i cump\u0103r\u0103tori pentru a asigura respectarea permanent\u0103 a reglement\u0103rilor UTP. \u00cen plus, au existat preocup\u0103ri cu privire la capacitatea anumitor \u00eentreprinderi, cum ar fi procesatorii de carne, de a bloca accesul la datele privind pre\u021burile pe motive de sensibilitate comercial\u0103. Aceast\u0103 lips\u0103 de transparen\u021b\u0103 ar putea \u00eempiedica eforturile de a detecta \u0219i de a aborda manipularea pre\u021burilor \u00een cadrul lan\u021bului de aprovizionare. Un alt motiv de disput\u0103 este ritmul relativ lent \u00een care aceste schimb\u0103ri au fost puse \u00een aplicare. P\u0103r\u021bile interesate sus\u021bin c\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021barea autorit\u0103\u021bii de reglementare \u0219i introducerea unor reglement\u0103ri solide privind UTP ar fi trebuit s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc mult mai devreme, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere provoc\u0103rile de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 cu care se confrunt\u0103 produc\u0103torii agricoli. Criticii subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, necesitatea unei vigilen\u021be \u0219i a unei aplic\u0103ri continue pentru a se asigura c\u0103 autoritatea de reglementare \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te mandatul \u00een mod eficient \u0219i c\u0103 aceasta evit\u0103 s\u0103 devin\u0103 un „tigru de h\u00e2rtie” cu un impact practic limitat. \u00cen general, consensul este c\u0103 Legea 2023 \u0219i \u00eenfiin\u021barea autorit\u0103\u021bii de reglementare agroalimentar\u0103 reprezint\u0103 etape importante \u00een abordarea practicilor comerciale neloiale \u00een Irlanda. Cu toate acestea, adev\u0103rata m\u0103sur\u0103 a succesului s\u0103u va consta \u00een capacitatea sa de a proteja interesele furnizorilor \u0219i ale produc\u0103torilor, de a \u00eencuraja transparen\u021ba \u0219i de a promova echitatea \u00een \u00eentregul lan\u021b de aprovizionare agroalimentar\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce autoritatea de reglementare continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezvolte opera\u021biunile, ac\u021biunile sale vor fi monitorizate \u00eendeaproape de p\u0103r\u021bile interesate care sper\u0103 c\u0103 aceasta va aduce schimb\u0103ri semnificative \u00eentr-un domeniu care a fost mult timp plin de dezechilibre \u0219i inechit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Preocup\u0103rile legate de impactul practicilor comerciale neloiale (PCL), definite \u00een general ca practici care se abat \u00een mod flagrant de la buna conduit\u0103 comercial\u0103, sunt contrare bunei-credin\u021be \u0219i corectitudinii \u0219i sunt impuse unilateral de un partener comercial altuia, au fost o caracteristic\u0103 recurent\u0103 a dezbaterilor publice \u0219i politice \u00eentre produc\u0103torii\/furnizorii agricoli \u0219i cump\u0103r\u0103torii de produse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":37511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-37534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comert-si-economie","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nIrlanda \u0219i Directiva UE privind practicile comerciale neloiale - 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