{"id":3811,"date":"2022-10-18T11:58:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:58:51","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:58:51","slug":"similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez","title":{"rendered":"SIMILITUDINI \u00ceNTRE SISTEMELE JUDICIARE SPANIOL \u0218I POLONEZ"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. Introducere<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00cen cadrul b\u0103t\u0103liei politice dintre actualele institu\u021bii ale Uniunii Europene (UE) \u0219i Republica Polon\u0103, Comisia pentru libert\u0103\u021bi civile, justi\u021bie \u0219i afaceri interne a Parlamentului European a comandat recent un studiu (denumit \u00een continuare „studiul”) privind presupusul principiu al primatului dreptului UE \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2rile Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale poloneze de respingere a acestui principiu.[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen cadrul studiului, mai multe aspecte ale reformei judiciare poloneze ini\u021biate \u00een 2016 sunt prezentate ca fiind problematice \u0219i au provocat o confruntare \u00eentre Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103 polonez\u0103 \u0219i Curtea de Justi\u021bie a Uniunii Europene, care serve\u0219te drept fundal pentru agresiunea politic\u0103 (\u0219i financiar\u0103) constant\u0103 a institu\u021biilor UE asupra Poloniei.<\/p>\n

    Acest articol va compara aceste aspecte cu sistemul judiciar din Spania, un alt stat membru al UE, care nu sufer\u0103 un asediu permanent din partea autorit\u0103\u021bilor de la Bruxelles. Deoarece accentul este pus pe instrumentele juridice \u0219i nu pe arena politic\u0103, motivele pentru aceast\u0103 disparitate de tratament nu sunt analizate aici.<\/p>\n

    Nu sunt discutate \u00een detaliu nici asem\u0103n\u0103rile dintre reforma polonez\u0103 \u0219i alte \u021b\u0103ri occidentale, cum ar fi Germania (\u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te drepturile extinse ale ministrului justi\u021biei de a organiza instan\u021be) sau Statele Unite ale Americii (\u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te fuziunea func\u021biei de ministru al justi\u021biei cu cea de procuror general).<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Procedurile disciplinare ale procurorilor<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Profs. PETERSEN \u0219i WASILCZYK reamintesc mai \u00eent\u00e2i c\u0103 procurorii polonezi pot face obiectul unor proceduri disciplinare ini\u021biate de Procuratura General\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 astfel de proceduri pot duce la suspendarea unui procuror[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen Spania, procurorii sunt reglementa\u021bi prin propriul statut, aprobat \u00een 1981 \u0219i reformat \u00een 2007. \u00cen conformitate cu articolul 61 din acest statut, procurorii spanioli sunt, de asemenea, supu\u0219i r\u0103spunderii disciplinare. \u00cen conformitate cu articolul 66, ace\u0219tia pot fi, de asemenea, suspenda\u021bi, a\u0219a cum este cazul colegilor lor polonezi[3]<\/a>, \u0219i chiar destitui\u021bi din func\u021bie.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, articolul 67 din Statutul spaniol stabile\u0219te c\u0103 procurorul general este cel care va impune o sanc\u021biune de suspendare (la fel ca \u00een Polonia), \u00een timp ce revocarea este propus\u0103 de aceea\u0219i autoritate, urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie confirmat\u0103 de ministrul justi\u021biei.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. V\u00e2rsta de pensionare a judec\u0103torilor<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Ca un alt element subliniat \u00een studiul care a meritat critici din partea institu\u021biilor UE, v\u00e2rsta de pensionare a judec\u0103torilor din Polonia a fost redus\u0103 la 65 de ani \u00een 2017[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

        De asemenea, \u00een Spania, v\u00e2rsta de 65 de ani a fost de 65 de ani p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 1992, c\u00e2nd a fost majorat\u0103 la 70 de ani. Cu toate acestea, articolul 386.2 din Legea organic\u0103 care reglementeaz\u0103 sistemul judiciar permite, de asemenea, pensionarea \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu v\u00e2rsta de 65 de ani, \u00een mod similar cu Polonia.<\/p>\n

        \u00cen cazul Poloniei, judec\u0103torii interesa\u021bi s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een activitate \u00eentre 66 \u0219i 70 de ani trebuie s\u0103 solicite o autoriza\u021bie din partea Consiliului Na\u021bional al Magistraturii (KRS) pentru a-\u0219i continua activitatea. Este exact cazul \u00een Spania pentru judec\u0103torii care doresc s\u0103 se pensioneze de la 66 la 69 de ani, care trebuie s\u0103 cear\u0103 permisiunea Consiliului General al Puterii Judiciare (CGPJ).<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Crearea de noi camere la Curtea Suprem\u0103<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          De asemenea, \u00een 2017, \u00een Polonia a fost creat\u0103 o Camer\u0103 disciplinar\u0103, care s\u0103 se ocupe de administrarea procedurilor disciplinare privind judec\u0103torii Cur\u021bii Supreme, precum \u0219i de c\u0103ile de atac privind procedurile disciplinare pentru to\u021bi ceilal\u021bi judec\u0103tori ai instan\u021belor ordinare.<\/p>\n

          O astfel de camer\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i la Curtea Suprem\u0103 din Spania. Aceasta se nume\u0219te „Camera Guvernului” \u0219i are printre atribu\u021bii \u0219i pe aceea de a aplica m\u0103suri disciplinare magistra\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

          Competen\u021ba pentru c\u0103ile de atac privind procedurile disciplinare pentru ceilal\u021bi judec\u0103tori este atribuit\u0103 Camerei penale a Cur\u021bii Supreme. Cu toate acestea, nu exist\u0103 niciun motiv pentru a crede c\u0103 Camera penal\u0103 ar asigura un nivel mai ridicat de respectare a unui proces echitabil dec\u00e2t Camera disciplinar\u0103.<\/p>\n

          \u00centr-adev\u0103r, exist\u0103 o mic\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 sisteme judiciare: \u00een timp ce \u00een Spania, judec\u0103torul care prezideaz\u0103 Camera disciplinar\u0103 este pre\u0219edintele Cur\u021bii Supreme, \u00een Polonia aceast\u0103 func\u021bie este de\u021binut\u0103 de un judec\u0103tor separat. Cu toate acestea, \u00een opinia mea, acest lucru \u00een sine nu prezint\u0103 riscul unui proces mai pu\u021bin echitabil, deoarece se presupune c\u0103 ambii ofi\u021beri exercit\u0103 \u0219i beneficiaz\u0103 de acela\u0219i grad de independen\u021b\u0103. Este mai degrab\u0103 o chestiune de organizare \u0219i de alegere na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n

          \u00cen plus, PETERSEN \u0219i WASILCZYK se pl\u00e2ng de crearea unei Camere extraordinare de revizuire \u0219i de afaceri publice \u00een cadrul Cur\u021bii Supreme poloneze, autorizat\u0103 s\u0103 anuleze jurispruden\u021ba stabilit\u0103 de Curtea Suprem\u0103.<\/p>\n

          Articolele 5bis \u0219i 293 din Legea organic\u0103 spaniol\u0103 care reglementeaz\u0103 sistemul judiciar prev\u0103d, de asemenea, existen\u021ba unei revizuiri extraordinare, \u00een cazul \u00een care Curtea European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului a declarat o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a drepturilor fundamentale. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cet\u0103\u021benii spanioli au o cale de acces la Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103 spaniol\u0103 pentru \u00eenc\u0103lcarea drepturilor fundamentale \u00eempotriva unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri a Cur\u021bii Supreme.<\/p>\n

          \u00cenc\u0103 o dat\u0103, diferen\u021ba dintre cele dou\u0103 sisteme nu permite s\u0103 se concluzioneze c\u0103 se acord\u0103 un nivel deficitar de garan\u021bie juridic\u0103 \u00een favoarea resortisan\u021bilor polonezi; dac\u0103 ar exista, ace\u0219tia ar avea dreptul la un acces mai larg la o instan\u021b\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 de control judiciar, deoarece ambele alternative men\u021bionate \u00een cadrul sistemului spaniol sunt extrem de restrictive \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>\n

          \u00cen plus, Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103 spaniol\u0103 a fost criticat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 de la crearea sa pentru un grad dezam\u0103gitor de politizare, de\u0219i acest lucru nu a f\u0103cut niciodat\u0103 obiectul monitoriz\u0103rii de c\u0103tre Comisia European\u0103. La numai cinci ani de la \u00eenfiin\u021bare, Curtea a dat semne c\u0103 ar fi pe placul aceluia\u0219i partid care a numit majoritatea membrilor s\u0103i atunci c\u00e2nd s-a pronun\u021bat \u00een favoarea avortului voluntar.[5]<\/a>, motiv\u00e2nd c\u0103 articolul 15 din Constitu\u021bia din 1978 ar putea foarte bine s\u0103 declare c\u0103 „to\u021bi au dreptul la via\u021b\u0103”, dar termenul „to\u021bi” nu include copilul din p\u00e2ntecele mamei sale.<\/p>\n

          Doar un an mai t\u00e2rziu, s-a pronun\u021bat din nou \u00een favoarea guvernului socialist, sanc\u021bion\u00e2nd o reform\u0103 extrem de polemic\u0103 a sistemului judiciar[6]<\/a> care a acordat at\u00e2t executivului, c\u00e2t \u0219i majorit\u0103\u021bii politice din legislativ un drept, inexistent \u00een Constitu\u021bie, de a \u00eencadra o dominant\u0103 de st\u00e2nga \u00een CGPJ \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, de a influen\u021ba numirea magistra\u021bilor. Acest aspect este discutat \u00een continuare \u00een sec\u021biunea urm\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Numirea judec\u0103torilor<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Studiul indic\u0103 judec\u0103torii nou ale\u0219i la Curtea Suprem\u0103 la propunerea KRS ca o alt\u0103 surs\u0103 de \u00eengrijorare.<\/p>\n

            De asemenea, \u00een Spania, CGPJ, organismul care corespunde KRS-ului polonez, este cel care nume\u0219te magistra\u021bii. Ambele na\u021biuni au ales, a\u0219adar, s\u0103 urmeze regula conform c\u0103reia magistra\u021bii sunt ale\u0219i de c\u0103tre colegii lor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t independen\u021ba sistemului judiciar s\u0103 fie p\u0103strat\u0103 – spre deosebire de \u021b\u0103ri precum Germania, unde puterea executiv\u0103 (ministrul federal al justi\u021biei la nivel federal sau L\u00e4nder<\/em> Mini\u0219trii Justi\u021biei) care nume\u0219te to\u021bi membrii mai relevan\u021bi ai sistemului judiciar[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

            Constitu\u021bia spaniol\u0103 din 1978 prevede, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, c\u0103 majoritatea membrilor CGPJ (12 din 21) sunt coopta\u021bi, \u00een timp ce doar 8 sunt ale\u0219i de puterea legislativ\u0103, dintre care 4 de c\u0103tre fiecare dintre cele dou\u0103 camere ale parlamentului. Pre\u0219edintele Cur\u021bii Supreme de Justi\u021bie, al 21-lea membru al CGPJ \u0219i care \u00eel prezideaz\u0103, este de asemenea numit de CGPJ , consolid\u00e2nd astfel majoritatea func\u021bionarilor judiciari autoale\u0219i \u00een detrimentul celor cu un caracter mai politizat.<\/p>\n

            Prin urmare, echilibrul de putere \u00een cadrul CGPJ ar trebui s\u0103 fie de aproape 2\/3 (13 din 21) pentru judec\u0103torii ale\u0219i de puterea judec\u0103toreasc\u0103, fa\u021b\u0103 de aproape 1\/3 (8 din 21) ale\u0219i de puterea legislativ\u0103, unde majoritatea tinde de obicei s\u0103 fie mai degrab\u0103 coincident\u0103 cu cea a executivului.<\/p>\n

            Sistemul de numire a membrilor KRS acord\u0103 o majoritate apropiat\u0103 de cea din Constitu\u021bia spaniol\u0103 pentru CGPJ. Din cei 25 de membri, 15 sunt ale\u0219i de c\u0103tre sistemul judiciar (de asemenea, aproape 2\/3), \u00een timp ce minoritatea format\u0103 din ceilal\u021bi 10 sunt ale\u0219i de c\u0103tre parlament (6) \u0219i de c\u0103tre executiv (4), reflect\u00e2nd un echilibru similar la Var\u0219ovia \u0219i la Madrid.<\/p>\n

            Mai interesant este faptul c\u0103 majoritatea reformelor succesive ale sistemului judiciar spaniol au fost destul de neloiale fa\u021b\u0103 de prevederea din Constitu\u021bia din 1978 privind numirea membrilor CGPJ – inclusiv interven\u021bia mai degrab\u0103 pro-guvernamental\u0103 a Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale, care a fost subliniat\u0103 \u00een sec\u021biunea anterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n

            La trei ani de la preluarea puterii de c\u0103tre Partidul Socialist Spaniol \u00een 1982, a fost promulgat\u0103 o lege prin care to\u021bi membrii CGPJ urmau s\u0103 fie ale\u0219i de parlament. Acest lucru (1) tinde s\u0103 reproduc\u0103 aceea\u0219i majoritate politic\u0103 reprezentat\u0103 de executiv \u0219i legislativ, (2) submineaz\u0103 independen\u021ba puterii judiciare ca putere \u00een cadrul legal al na\u021biunii, (3) \u00eencalc\u0103 \u00eens\u0103\u0219i textul Constitu\u021biei, \u00een ciuda hot\u0103r\u00e2rii contradictorii a Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale din 1986, \u0219i (4) risc\u0103 s\u0103 transforme natura judiciar\u0103 spaniol\u0103 \u00eentr-una „clerical\u0103”.[8]<\/a>, destul de subordonat puterii executive, a\u0219a cum a fost descris \u00een Germania.<\/p>\n

            De-a lungul celor aproape patru decenii care au trecut de la acel atac asupra independen\u021bei sistemului judiciar \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, nici o procedur\u0103 de infringement nu a fost ridicat\u0103 de Comisia European\u0103 sau de oricare dintre celelalte institu\u021bii ale UE ca o poten\u021bial\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcare a statului de drept \u00een Spania.<\/p>\n

            \u00cen compara\u021bie cu cei 15 membri reali ai KRS din Polonia, ale\u0219i de c\u0103tre magistra\u021bi, cei 21 din 21 de membri ai CGPJ ale\u0219i politic \u00een Spania (\u0219i, \u00een mod similar, \u00een Germania) str\u0103lucesc ca fiind contrare independen\u021bei magistra\u021bilor proclamat\u0103 de ierarhia de la Bruxelles.<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Numirea unui procuror disciplinar<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, coautorii studiului semnaleaz\u0103 c\u0103 pre\u0219edintele Republicii \u0219i ministrul justi\u021biei pot numi un procuror disciplinar special, de la caz la caz, pentru procedurile disciplinare care implic\u0103 judec\u0103tori.<\/p>\n

              Procedurile disciplinare \u00een care sunt implica\u021bi judec\u0103torii sunt reglementate \u00een Spania \u00een temeiul legii organice men\u021bionate mai sus, care reglementeaz\u0103 sistemul judiciar. \u00cen conformitate cu articolul 423, Parchetul General poate, de asemenea, ini\u021bia proceduri disciplinare \u00eempotriva judec\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n

              Procurorul general din Spania este numit de puterea executiv\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een conformitate cu articolul 2 din statutul s\u0103u, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu principiul dependen\u021bei ierarhice, spre deosebire de principiul independen\u021bei tuturor judec\u0103torilor \u0219i magistra\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

              Prin urmare, \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103, nu exist\u0103 nicio diferen\u021b\u0103 de fond \u00eentre aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 judiciar\u0103 \u0219i cea din Polonia.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              [1]<\/a> Niels PETERSEN \u0219i Patrick WASILCZYK, The Primacy of EU Law and Polish Constitutional Law Judgment, Bruxelles, 2022.<\/p>\n

              [2]<\/a> Ibidem, p. 13.<\/p>\n

              [3]<\/a> Ibidem.<\/p>\n

              [4]<\/a> Ibidem, p. 14.<\/p>\n

              [5]<\/a> Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea nr. 53\/1985, din 11 aprilie.<\/p>\n

              [6]<\/a> Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea nr. 839\/1986, din 29 iulie.<\/p>\n

              [7]<\/a> Magdalena BAINCZYK, Selected Legal Aspects of Judicial Independence in the Federal Republic of Germany, Poznan, 2019.<\/p>\n

              [8]<\/a> Magdalena BAINCZYK, German Problems with the Rule of Law, Palo Alto, 2021.<\/p>\n

              [Sursa imaginii: Asocia\u021bia Baroului din Gdansk].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Introducere \u00cen cadrul b\u0103t\u0103liei politice dintre actualele institu\u021bii ale Uniunii Europene (UE) \u0219i Republica Polon\u0103, Comisia pentru libert\u0103\u021bi civile, justi\u021bie \u0219i afaceri interne a Parlamentului European a comandat recent un studiu (denumit \u00een continuare „studiul”) privind presupusul principiu al primatului dreptului UE \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2rile Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale poloneze de respingere a acestui principiu.[1]. \u00cen cadrul studiului, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[338],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-3811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nSIMILITUDINI \u00ceNTRE SISTEMELE JUDICIARE SPANIOL \u0218I POLONEZ - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SIMILITUDINI \u00ceNTRE SISTEMELE JUDICIARE SPANIOL \u0218I POLONEZ - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introducere \u00cen cadrul b\u0103t\u0103liei politice dintre actualele institu\u021bii ale Uniunii Europene (UE) \u0219i Republica Polon\u0103, Comisia pentru libert\u0103\u021bi civile, justi\u021bie \u0219i afaceri interne a Parlamentului European a comandat recent un studiu (denumit \u00een continuare „studiul”) privind presupusul principiu al primatului dreptului UE \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2rile Cur\u021bii Constitu\u021bionale poloneze de respingere a acestui principiu.[1]. \u00cen cadrul studiului, […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-18T11:58:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-18T11:58:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/THE-POLISH-CONSTITUTION.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"354\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"355\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ana Toledano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ana Toledano\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ana Toledano\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro#\/schema\/person\/ecb026d69037883557fe5617c4ad261e\"},\"headline\":\"SIMILITUDINI \u00ceNTRE SISTEMELE JUDICIARE SPANIOL \u0218I POLONEZ\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-18T11:58:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-18T11:58:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\"},\"wordCount\":1873,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/THE-POLISH-CONSTITUTION.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Legal\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/similitudini-intre-sistemele-judiciare-spaniol-si-polonez\",\"name\":\"SIMILITUDINI \u00ceNTRE SISTEMELE JUDICIARE SPANIOL \u0218I POLONEZ - 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