{"id":38492,"date":"2025-01-27T00:24:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T00:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/criminalitatea-in-comertul-cu-amanuntul-in-irlanda-si-ue"},"modified":"2025-01-27T00:24:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T00:24:00","slug":"criminalitatea-in-comertul-cu-amanuntul-in-irlanda-si-ue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/criminalitatea-in-comertul-cu-amanuntul-in-irlanda-si-ue","title":{"rendered":"Criminalitatea \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een Irlanda \u0219i UE"},"content":{"rendered":"
Criminalitatea \u00een sectorul comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul, a\u0219a cum este \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 \u00een sens larg \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, acoper\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de activit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i infrac\u021biuni penale. Acestea pot varia de la furtul din magazine, spargerea spa\u021biilor din sectorul comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul, furtul de angaja\u021bi, frauda la plat\u0103 (folosind carduri de credit\/debit furate sau false, sau execut\u00e2nd fraude la returnare), v\u00e2nzarea de bunuri contraf\u0103cute, cum ar fi produsele false care imit\u0103 m\u0103rci bine cunoscute. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Activit\u0103\u021bile mai organizate, cum ar fi opera\u021biunile de furt din magazine la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u0219i traficul de bunuri furate peste grani\u021bele UE, fac, de asemenea, parte din defini\u021bia infrac\u021biunilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cen general, amploarea furtului este evaluat\u0103 prin aplicarea sc\u0103derii; un sistem de m\u0103surare prin care sunt evaluate pierderile dintre v\u00e2nz\u0103rile reale \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103rile teoretice (bazate pe livr\u0103ri). Contravaloarea este diferen\u021ba dintre aceste dou\u0103 cifre. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Cu toate acestea, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere certitudinea c\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103torile sc\u0103derilor sunt afectate de erori administrative \u0219i de personal, comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul trebuie, de asemenea, s\u0103 deduc\u0103 o estimare a erorilor din sc\u0103deri pentru a calcula cu exactitate pierderile din infrac\u021biuni.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Aceste erori pot include calcule eronate cauzate de stabilirea gre\u0219it\u0103 a pre\u021burilor articolelor, livr\u0103ri incorecte sau contabilizarea incorect\u0103 a articolelor de v\u00e2nzare.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Datele pentru 2019 ob\u021binute de la Centre for Retail Research arat\u0103 c\u0103, \u00eenainte de aplicarea unei rate medii a pierderilor de 1,44%, cea mai mare fiind Italia (1,67%), iar cea mai mic\u0103 Germania (1,12%), s-a constatat o pierdere total\u0103 de 77,618 miliarde de dolari atunci c\u00e2nd au fost adunate costurile combinate ale infrac\u021biunilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul din SUA \u0219i Europa.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Cu toate acestea, odat\u0103 aplicat\u0103 rata procentului de sc\u0103dere, costurile totale pentru ambele jurisdic\u021bii s-au ridicat la 60,673 miliarde de dolari.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Acest lucru este \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu sondajele anterioare pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 realizate de International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00centr-un astfel de studiu, a fost utilizat un chestionar de autoevaluare pentru a afla date privind prevenirea furturilor \u0219i a pierderilor de la 476 de comercian\u021bi cu am\u0103nuntul europeni importan\u021bi (23% din cifra de afaceri a comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul din Europa de Vest) din 16 \u021b\u0103ri.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Au fost raportate pierderi echivalente cu 30 310 milioane EUR, furtul de clien\u021bi fiind cel mai important cost al infrac\u021biunilor, urmat de furtul de angaja\u021bi, costurile de securitate \u0219i furtul de furnizori.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Costurile implicate sunt deosebit de semnificative \u00een unele state membre ale UE.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cen 2019, comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul francezi au \u00eenregistrat pierderi \u00een valoare de 6,105 miliarde EUR. \u00cen timp ce foste state membre, cum ar fi Regatul Unit, au raportat costuri ale infrac\u021biunilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een valoare de 4,821 miliarde de lire sterline \u00een 2019. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Cu toate acestea, trebuie remarcat faptul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 sum\u0103 reflect\u0103 pierderile cauzate de criminalitatea informatic\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 furtul din magazine.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Problema infrac\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul a devenit at\u00e2t de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een Regatul Unit, \u00eenc\u00e2t Oficiul Na\u021bional de Statistic\u0103 (ONS) a avut motive s\u0103 remarce c\u0103 poli\u021bia raporteaz\u0103 dou\u0103 furturi pe minut \u00een magazinele din Regatul Unit.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ONS a mai raportat c\u0103, \u00een anul 2019, au fost raportate la poli\u021bie 469 788 de infrac\u021biuni, cu 29% mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een anul precedent (365 173) \u0219i dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de num\u0103rul raportat \u00een 2020.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Cifrele au fost cele mai ridicate de la \u00eenceputul \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor \u00een martie 2003, ridic\u00e2ndu-se la peste 9 000 de infrac\u021biuni pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
RGDATA – The Retail Grocery Dairy & Allied Trades Association – cea mai veche asocia\u021bie reprezentativ\u0103 a comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul din Irlanda, cu peste 3 500 de magazine alimentare independente de familie, magazine de proximitate, magazine de previzualizare \u0219i supermarketuri \u00een toat\u0103 Irlanda, a subliniat amploarea problemei \u00een Irlanda, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te furtul coordonat \u0219i organizat din magazinele cu am\u0103nuntul.<\/div>\n
Ca parte a studiului s\u0103u 2024 privind criminalitatea, RGDATA a eviden\u021biat o serie de constat\u0103ri cheie, inclusiv:<\/div>\n
    \n
  • Peste 90% dintre comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul au fost victime ale infrac\u021biunilor \u00een ultimele 12 luni.<\/li>\n
  • Cele mai frecvente tipuri de infrac\u021biuni raportate au fost;\n
      \n
    • Furtul din magazine (97%)<\/li>\n
    • Spargere\/Robbery (16%)<\/li>\n
    • Activitate frauduloas\u0103\/M\u0103rfuri contraf\u0103cute (37%)<\/li>\n
    • \u00cen timp ce 43% dintre comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul au fost mul\u021bumi\u021bi de r\u0103spunsul Garda la raportarea infrac\u021biunilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul.<\/li>\n
    • majoritatea (57%) au fost nemul\u021bumi\u021bi, cu nemul\u021bumiri comune.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te costurile generate de aceast\u0103 activitate infrac\u021bional\u0103, Asocia\u021bia irlandez\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderilor mici \u0219i mijlocii a declarat c\u0103 infrac\u021bionalitatea \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00eei cost\u0103 pe comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul irlandezi aproximativ 1,62 miliarde EUR \u00een fiecare an.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Problema poate fi descris\u0103 drept o urgen\u021b\u0103, dup\u0103 cum confirm\u0103 Barometrul global al furturilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul. Barometrul arat\u0103 c\u0103 Irlanda are cel mai mare cost pe cap de locuitor atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de infrac\u021biunile din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul, semnificativ mai mult dec\u00e2t Islanda \u0219i Danemarca, care ocup\u0103 locurile doi \u0219i, respectiv, trei. <\/div>\n
      Dup\u0103 cum am v\u0103zut mai sus, \u00een timp ce majoritatea membrilor RGDATA au semnalat nemul\u021bumirea cu privire la adecvarea r\u0103spunsului poli\u021biei, este, de asemenea, demn de remarcat faptul c\u0103 for\u021bele de poli\u021bie din Irlanda, An Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na, au lansat Opera\u021biunea T\u00e1irge pentru a r\u0103spunde acestor preocup\u0103ri \u00een decembrie 2023.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u00cen cadrul acestei opera\u021biuni, care s-a dovedit a fi de mare succes, \u00een perioada 1 decembrie 2023 – 30 noiembrie 2024 au fost \u00eenregistrate \u00een total 8 460 de arest\u0103ri \u0219i 20 052 de acuza\u021bii sau soma\u021bii.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Opera\u021biunea face parte, de asemenea, din strategia mai ampl\u0103 de prevenire \u0219i reducere a criminalit\u0103\u021bii a An Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na, care vizeaz\u0103 \u00een mod specific „reducerea impactului d\u0103un\u0103tor pe care criminalitatea \u0219i infractorii din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00eel pot avea asupra afacerilor cu am\u0103nuntul \u0219i, de asemenea, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 sprijine activitatea opera\u021bional\u0103 care vizeaz\u0103 detectarea \u0219i prevenirea furturilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul”.<\/div>\n
      De asemenea, comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul din Irlanda \u0219i-au prezentat preocup\u0103rile \u00een fa\u021ba mai multor comisii parlamentare, cea mai recent\u0103 fiind Comisia mixt\u0103 pentru \u00eentreprinderi, comer\u021b \u0219i ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u00cen timpul acestor dezbateri, a reie\u0219it c\u0103, \u00een timp ce costurile financiare erau semnificative \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, nesustenabile, un element din ce \u00een ce mai frecvent asociat cu furtul din magazine era agresiunile fizice asupra personalului \u0219i a conducerii.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Acest lucru reflect\u0103 datele suplimentare prezentate \u00een RGDATA Crime Survey 2024, care a constatat c\u0103 o varietate de arme sunt folosite \u00eempotriva comercian\u021bilor cu am\u0103nuntul, inclusiv toc\u0103toare de carne, cu\u021bite, arme de foc, bare de fier, topoare, seringi \u0219i \u0219urubelni\u021be, precum \u0219i agresiuni fizice f\u0103r\u0103 arme, cum ar fi pumni, palme, scuip\u0103ri \u0219i lovituri.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      La o sesiune a Comitetului mixt, dl Vincent Jennings, directorul executiv al CSNA (Convenience Stores and Newsagents Association) a vorbit despre modul \u00een care:<\/div>\n
      „Aspectele cele mai \u00eengrijor\u0103toare ale furturilor din magazine \u00een prezent sunt amenin\u021b\u0103rile, violen\u021ba real\u0103, obscenit\u0103\u021bile, misoginismul \u0219i abuzurile rasiste josnice la adresa proprietarilor \u0219i a personalului. Nu exist\u0103 nicio \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 aceste abuzuri sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere de la an la an \u0219i c\u0103 ele au devenit cu siguran\u021b\u0103 mai pronun\u021bate dup\u0103 pandemia Covid. Este imposibil s\u0103 concepem un aspect mai \u00eengrijor\u0103tor al gestion\u0103rii unei afaceri cu am\u0103nuntul pentru majoritatea celor 1 500 de membri ai no\u0219tri dec\u00e2t s\u0103 trebuiasc\u0103 s\u0103 consoleze pe cineva care a fost agresat \u0219i abuzat doar pentru c\u0103 \u0219i-a f\u0103cut treaba.”<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 este reflectat\u0103 de comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul \u0219i de angajatorii publici din \u00eentreaga UE \u0219i, de\u0219i statisticile specifice privind violen\u021ba \u00eempotriva personalului din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul din toate \u021b\u0103rile UE nu sunt colectate \u00een mod exhaustiv, ancheta european\u0103 privind condi\u021biile de munc\u0103 (EWCTS) din 2021 a indicat c\u0103 12,5 % dintre lucr\u0103tori s-au confruntat cu comportamente sociale adverse la locul de munc\u0103, care includ violen\u021ba cauzat\u0103 de furtul din magazine \u0219i furtul din magazine.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te un r\u0103spuns legislativ la problemele ridicate de comercian\u021bii cu am\u0103nuntul, un senator al partidului de guvern\u0103m\u00e2nt a introdus un proiect de lege privat \u00een timpul mandatului guvernului irlandez anterior, intitulat Proiectul de lege 2024 privind protec\u021bia lucr\u0103torilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Acest proiect de lege urm\u0103rea s\u0103 modifice Legea privind justi\u021bia penal\u0103 (ordinea public\u0103) din 1994 \u0219i s\u0103 creeze o infrac\u021biune specific\u0103 prin care, \u00een caz de condamnare sumar\u0103, persoana ar fi pasibil\u0103 de \u00eenchisoare pentru o perioad\u0103 de cel mult 12 luni \u0219i\/sau amend\u0103.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Infrac\u021biunile includ:<\/div>\n
      amenin\u021barea sau abuzarea unui comerciant cu am\u0103nuntul<\/div>\n
      lucr\u0103tor este comis\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 numai dac\u0103 persoana-<\/div>\n
      (a) se comport\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod amenin\u021b\u0103tor sau abuziv fa\u021b\u0103 de lucr\u0103tor; \u0219i<\/div>\n
      (b) inten\u021bioneaz\u0103, prin comportamentul s\u0103u, s\u0103 provoace team\u0103 sau alarm\u0103 lucr\u0103torului sau oric\u0103rei alte persoane sau nu \u00ee\u0219i d\u0103 seama dac\u0103 comportamentul ar putea provoca o astfel de team\u0103 sau alarm\u0103, precum \u0219i infrac\u021biunile de agresiune sau amenin\u021bare a lucr\u0103torilor din comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul care \u00ee\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activitatea.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Din p\u0103cate, proiectul de lege a devenit caduc \u0219i nu exist\u0103 nicio confirmare pozitiv\u0103 c\u0103 va fi reini\u021biat \u00een cursul viitoarei legislaturi.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u00cencerc\u0103rile de a rezolva sau de a preveni problemele asociate cu infrac\u021bionalitatea \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul prin utilizarea sporit\u0103 a inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i a tehnologiei de supraveghere vor genera, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, noi dezbateri cu privire la ad\u0103ugarea la un mediu deja \u00eenc\u0103rcat de supraveghere \u00een multe state din UE.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      De fapt, \u00een timp ce mul\u021bi comercian\u021bi cu am\u0103nuntul apeleaz\u0103 la inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 pentru a ajuta la prevenirea \u0219i detectarea infrac\u021biunilor, cu un efect pozitiv semnificativ, utilizarea acesteia aduce cu sine multe probleme proprii.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Unele dintre aceste provoc\u0103ri, aplicabile \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 UE \u0219i Irlandei, au fost identificate de National Retail Association din Australia, \u00een consultare cu Dominique Lamb, comisarul pentru \u00eentreprinderi mici din Queensland, \u0219i profesorul Michael Townsley, consultant \u00een domeniul criminalit\u0103\u021bii.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \u00cen cadrul experien\u021bei australiene, principalele dezavantaje au fost identificate ca fiind:<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
        \n
      • Sistemele CCTV necesit\u0103 monitorizare uman\u0103, care poate necesita mult\u0103 for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 \u0219i poate fi predispus\u0103 la erori.<\/li>\n
      • Furtul \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lcarea securit\u0103\u021bii datelor.<\/li>\n
      • Instrumentele de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 pot fi utilizate de actori r\u0103u inten\u021biona\u021bi pentru a identifica vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een infrastructura digital\u0103 a unui comerciant cu am\u0103nuntul, duc\u00e2nd la \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale securit\u0103\u021bii datelor. Acest lucru poate compromite datele clien\u021bilor \u0219i ale angaja\u021bilor. <\/li>\n
      • Tranzac\u021bii frauduloase.<\/li>\n
      • Inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a genera facturi false \u0219i prelu\u0103ri de conturi.<\/li>\n
      • Escrocherii direc\u021bionate. Prin analizarea datelor clien\u021bilor, inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a crea \u00een\u0219el\u0103torii de phishing sau scheme de fraud\u0103 extrem de personalizate, care vizeaz\u0103 anumi\u021bi clien\u021bi sau angaja\u021bi. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        <\/div>\n
        Se poate concluziona c\u0103, de\u0219i costurile de mai multe miliarde de euro generate de epidemia criminalit\u0103\u021bii \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een Irlanda \u0219i \u00een UE reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare imediat\u0103 \u0219i continu\u0103 la adresa viabilit\u0103\u021bii financiare a acestui sector extrem de important \u0219i la adresa mediului de munc\u0103 al celor aproximativ 25,8 milioane de angaja\u021bi care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een comer\u021bul cu ridicata \u0219i cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een UE, multe dintre solu\u021biile propuse pot genera, de asemenea, costuri financiare \u0219i etice semnificative, care vor trebui s\u0103 fie echilibrate cu aten\u021bie \u00eenainte de a fi puse \u00een aplicare pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Criminalitatea \u00een sectorul comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul, a\u0219a cum este \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 \u00een sens larg \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, acoper\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de activit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i infrac\u021biuni penale. Acestea pot varia de la furtul din magazine, spargerea spa\u021biilor din sectorul comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul, furtul de angaja\u021bi, frauda la plat\u0103 (folosind carduri de credit\/debit furate sau false, sau execut\u00e2nd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":38045,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-38492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nCriminalitatea \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een Irlanda \u0219i UE - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/criminalitatea-in-comertul-cu-amanuntul-in-irlanda-si-ue\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Criminalitatea \u00een comer\u021bul cu am\u0103nuntul \u00een Irlanda \u0219i UE - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Criminalitatea \u00een sectorul comer\u021bului cu am\u0103nuntul, a\u0219a cum este \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 \u00een sens larg \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, acoper\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de activit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i infrac\u021biuni penale. 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