{"id":3906,"date":"2022-10-18T12:36:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T12:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/comisia-europeana-forteaza-dreptul-primar-si-jurisprudenta-curtii-europene-de-justitie"},"modified":"2022-10-18T12:36:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T12:36:32","slug":"comisia-europeana-forteaza-dreptul-primar-si-jurisprudenta-curtii-europene-de-justitie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/comisia-europeana-forteaza-dreptul-primar-si-jurisprudenta-curtii-europene-de-justitie","title":{"rendered":"Comisia European\u0103 for\u021beaz\u0103 dreptul primar \u0219i jurispruden\u021ba Cur\u021bii Europene de Justi\u021bie"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. Introducere<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    La 12 iulie, Comisia pentru ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i afaceri sociale a Parlamentului European a votat acordul provizoriu rezultat \u00een urma negocierilor interinstitu\u021bionale[1]<\/a> pentru o directiv\u0103 privind salariul minim.<\/p>\n

    Acordul a fost aprobat de comisie, cu 34 de voturi pentru, 8 voturi \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 2 ab\u021bineri<\/a>. Printre deputa\u021bii europeni care au votat \u00eempotriv\u0103 s-a num\u0103rat dl Hermann Tertsch, membru al delega\u021biei spaniole din grupul ECR, care o \u00eenlocuia cu aceast\u0103 ocazie pe dna Margarita de la Pisa.<\/p>\n

    Motivele pentru care au votat \u00eempotriv\u0103 s-au bazat pe o chestiune de principiu. De fapt, vicepre\u0219edintele partidului ECR, dl Jorge Buxad\u00e9, a transmis anterior o \u00eentrebare scris\u0103<\/a> pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 comisarului pentru ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103, dl Nicolas Schmit, un socialist luxemburghez.<\/p>\n

    Dl Buxad\u00e9 i-a reamintit comisarului c\u0103 articolul 153.5 din Tratatul privind func\u021bionarea Uniunii Europene (TFUE) rezerv\u0103 \u00een mod expres competen\u021ba \u00een materie de salarii \u00een favoarea statelor membre. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, politicianul VOX a observat c\u0103 directiva con\u021bine dispozi\u021bii importante \u00een materie de ac\u021biuni colective, care, \u00een conformitate cu articolul 153 din TFUE, necesit\u0103 aprobarea \u00een unanimitate \u00een Consiliul Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n

    Dl Schmit a r\u0103spuns la ambele \u00eentreb\u0103ri la 9 septembrie, dup\u0103 cum se analizeaz\u0103 \u00een continuare. Cititorul poate judeca dac\u0103 titlul acestui articol este poate exagerat sau mai degrab\u0103 precis.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. <\/u>Abuzul de drept pentru a evita unanimitatea \u00een cadrul Consiliului<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      A\u0219a-numita procedur\u0103 legislativ\u0103 ordinar\u0103 (abreviat\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit ca „COD”, datorit\u0103 denumirii sale anterioare de „codecizie”) este \u00een prezent predominant\u0103 \u00een actele Uniunii Europene cu caracter obligatoriu \u0219i necesit\u0103 conformitatea a dou\u0103 dintre cele trei institu\u021bii ale sale, \u0219i anume Consiliul Uniunii Europene \u0219i Parlamentul European.<\/p>\n

      Parlamentul European aprob\u0103 majoritatea actelor cu majoritate simpl\u0103, adic\u0103 acestea sunt adoptate dac\u0103 o propunere prime\u0219te mai multe voturi favorabile dec\u00e2t voturi negative. \u00cen cazul de fa\u021b\u0103, acest lucru s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een sesiunea plenar\u0103 din 14 septembrie.<\/p>\n

      Dar \u00een Consiliul Uniunii Europene se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 o situa\u021bie diferit\u0103. Un astfel de organism include reprezentan\u021bi ai tuturor statelor membre, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe picior de egalitate. Iar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te salariul minim, cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 guverne na\u021bionale, cel suedez \u0219i cel danez, \u0219i-au exprimat rezerve puternice \u0219i chiar opozi\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de reglementarea Uniunii \u00een acest domeniu. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 lipsa de competen\u021b\u0103, ace\u0219tia au considerat, \u00een mod destul de sensibil, c\u0103 o astfel de reglementare ar eroda rolul \u0219i rolul de lider al partenerilor sociali \u00een negocierea salariilor la nivel na\u021bional, sectorial sau corporativ.<\/p>\n

      Pentru a afla care este ra\u021biunea, s\u0103 ne referim la textul articolului 153.2 TFUE, a\u0219a cum a fost invocat de domnul Buxad\u00e9 \u00een adresa sa c\u0103tre Comisia European\u0103:<\/p>\n

      „\u00cen domeniile men\u021bionate la alineatul (1) literele (c), (d), (f) \u0219i (g), Consiliul hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te \u00een unanimitate, \u00een conformitate cu o procedur\u0103 legislativ\u0103 special\u0103, dup\u0103 consultarea Parlamentului European \u0219i a comitetelor men\u021bionate [the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions].”<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u0218i care este mai exact domeniul men\u021bionat la alineatul (1) litera (f), pentru care este necesar\u0103 unanimitatea \u00een Consiliu, precum \u0219i consultarea Parlamentului European, a Comitetului Economic \u0219i Social \u0219i a Comitetului Regiunilor? Nimeni altul dec\u00e2t „reprezentarea \u0219i ap\u0103rarea colectiv\u0103 a intereselor lucr\u0103torilor \u0219i angajatorilor<\/em>„, exact ceea ce i-a reamintit eurodeputatul Jorge Buxad\u00e9 comisarului Schmit.<\/p>\n

      Propunerea Comisiei includea nou\u0103sprezece articole, dintre care dou\u0103sprezece (\u0219i anume, numerele 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 \u0219i 16) reglementeaz\u0103 reprezentarea \u0219i ap\u0103rarea colectiv\u0103 a intereselor lucr\u0103torilor. Cu toate acestea, \u00een \u00eencercarea sa de a sc\u0103pa de aplicarea articolului 153 alineatul (2) din TFUE, comisarul socialist scrie c\u0103 „dispozi\u021biile privind negocierile colective cuprinse \u00een text sunt auxiliare fa\u021b\u0103 de domeniul de aplicare material al directivei<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

      Prin acest truc, el \u00ee\u0219i asigur\u0103 un teren de joc mai favorabil – prin consensul majoritar \u00eentre sociali\u0219ti \u0219i cre\u0219tin-democra\u021bi – dec\u00e2t ceea ce prevede de fapt statul de drept, \u0219i anume unanimitatea \u00een Consiliul Uniunii Europene, unde, desigur, influen\u021ba Comisiei ar fi redus\u0103.<\/p>\n

      Comisarul Schmit continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezvolte argumenta\u021bia particular\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba criticilor domnului Buxad\u00e9: reprezentarea \u0219i ap\u0103rarea colectiv\u0103 a intereselor lucr\u0103torilor „sunt incluse doar ca un mijloc de a atinge obiectivul directivei<\/em>„.<\/p>\n

      Dar acest lucru se abate \u00een mod clar de la dispozi\u021bia TFUE, care nu calific\u0103 deloc reglementarea reprezent\u0103rii \u0219i ap\u0103r\u0103rii colective a intereselor lucr\u0103torilor, ci mai degrab\u0103 impune o procedur\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe unanimitatea Consiliului atunci c\u00e2nd acestea sunt afectate.<\/p>\n

      \u00cen plus, argumentul dlui Schmit este respins \u00een mod expres de termenii articolului 4 din propria sa propunere, care promoveaz\u0103 ac\u021biunea colectiv\u0103 nu doar ca mijloc de stabilire a salariului minim.<\/p>\n

      <\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Manipularea jurispruden\u021bei europene<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00cen conformitate cu ap\u0103rarea partidului s\u0103u a competen\u021belor na\u021bionale \u00eempotriva invaziei ilegale de la Bruxelles, dl Buxad\u00e9, membru VOX, i-a reamintit dlui Schmit c\u0103 articolul 153.5 TFUE exclude \u00een mod expres atribuirea atribu\u021biilor Uniunii \u00een materie de salarizare.<\/p>\n

        Cititorii The Conservative Online sunt obi\u0219nui\u021bi s\u0103 vad\u0103 cum Comisia European\u0103 acuz\u0103 guvernele Poloniei \u0219i Ungariei, apropiate de pozi\u021biile partidului ECR, precum \u0219i VOX, de o presupus\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcare continu\u0103 a statului de drept. Dimpotriv\u0103, pare destul de clar c\u0103, \u00een acest caz, mai degrab\u0103 institu\u021biile Uniunii sunt cele care nu respect\u0103 acest principiu, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd acolo unde nu sunt competente.<\/p>\n

        \u00cen acest caz, r\u0103spunsul lui Schmit transform\u0103 tratatul pentru a-i face s\u0103 spun\u0103 ceea ce nu spune. Potrivit socialistului luxemburghez, Uniunea nu poate reglementa „direct” nivelul salariilor, dar ar putea „adopta acte cu efecte asupra salariilor”.<\/p>\n

        Prin urmare, ceea ce a fost ap\u0103rat pentru a se sustrage unanimit\u0103\u021bii Consiliului din cauza obiectului material al reglement\u0103rii este acum prezentat ca av\u00e2nd un fel de natur\u0103 indirect\u0103, care este afectat, dar nu printr-un tratament „direct”.<\/p>\n

        Din nou, astfel de nuan\u021be ar putea exista \u00een imagina\u021bia comisarului Schmit, de\u0219i nu se reg\u0103sesc nic\u0103ieri \u00een Tratat, care exclude reglementarea salariilor, nu doar reglementarea „direct\u0103” a salariilor.<\/p>\n

        Acest mic cuv\u00e2nt magic, cu un efect de amploare \u00een gura lui Schmit, este adus \u00een discu\u021bie \u00eempreun\u0103 cu autoritatea suplimentar\u0103 a nim\u0103nui altcuiva dec\u00e2t Curtea de Justi\u021bie a Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n

        \u00cen hot\u0103r\u00e2rea „Impact”<\/a> din 2008, instan\u021ba de la Luxemburg a luat o decizie preliminar\u0103 la cererea jurisdic\u021biei muncii din Republica Irlanda, mai exact \u00eentr-o cauz\u0103 \u00een care un sindicat al angaja\u021bilor din sectorul public (Impact) s-a opus mai multor organisme din administra\u021bia irlandez\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te condi\u021biile de munc\u0103 \u0219i pensiile.<\/p>\n

        \u00cen hot\u0103r\u00e2rea sa, instan\u021ba european\u0103 a confirmat c\u0103 dreptul primar al Uniunii „exclude determinarea nivelurilor salariale prin armonizare<\/em>” (punctul 123), ceea ce este exact ceea ce urm\u0103re\u0219te propunerea lui Schmit – atunci c\u00e2nd indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 salariile minime nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie mai mici de 50 % din salariul mediu sau 60 % din salariul mediu global, conform considerentului 21 din directiv\u0103.<\/p>\n

        O astfel de jurispruden\u021b\u0103 nu vorbe\u0219te niciodat\u0103 despre determinarea „direct\u0103”; acest adjectiv este inventat doar de comisarul socialist \u00een r\u0103spunsul s\u0103u. Este interesant faptul c\u0103 o armonizare sau o determinare prin intermediul unei dispozi\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 caracter obligatoriu, cum ar fi cea inclus\u0103 \u00een considerentul 21, se calific\u0103 drept determinare sau armonizare „indirect\u0103”.<\/p>\n

        Dar s\u0103 analiz\u0103m \u00een continuare „impactul” \u00een termenii s\u0103i, pentru o alt\u0103 dovad\u0103 c\u0103 nici jurispruden\u021ba european\u0103, nici TFUE nu permit determinarea sau armonizarea indirect\u0103 a lui Schmit:<\/p>\n

        „Standardizarea tuturor sau a unei p\u0103r\u021bi a elementelor constitutive ale salariilor \u0219i\/sau a nivelului acestora \u00een statele membre sau introducerea unui salariu minim comunitar ar implica o interven\u021bie direct\u0103 a dreptului comunitar \u00een determinarea remunera\u021biilor \u00een cadrul Comunit\u0103\u021bii<\/em>” (punctul 124).<\/p>\n

        Astfel, Curtea de Justi\u021bie a Uniunii Europene interzice \u00een mod expres orice uniformizare, global\u0103 sau par\u021bial\u0103, a nivelului de salarizare \u00een statele membre, indiferent dac\u0103 o astfel de uniformizare este direct\u0103 sau indirect\u0103.<\/p>\n

        Recunoa\u0219tem, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu magistra\u021bii din „Impact”, c\u0103 „nu orice chestiune care are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu remunerarea<\/em>” (punctul 125) este exclus\u0103 \u00een mod automat ca fiind de competen\u021ba Uniunii. Dar stabilirea unei legi privind salariul minim \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t „a avea o anumit\u0103 influen\u021b\u0103” asupra remunera\u021biei.<\/p>\n

        \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, „Impact” a fost decis \u00eentr-un context de discriminare \u00eentre angaja\u021bi (punctul 126), care nu are nimic de-a face cu stabilirea salariului minim.<\/p>\n

        Prin urmare, putem concluziona, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu autorii lucr\u0103rii „Impact”, c\u0103 „stabilirea nivelului diferitelor elemente constitutive ale remunera\u021biei unui salariat dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te competen\u021ba legiuitorului comunitar \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een mod incontestabil de competen\u021ba autorit\u0103\u021bilor competente ale diferitelor state membre<\/em>” (punctul 129).<\/p>\n

        \u00cen timpul unei delega\u021bii parlamentare din 20 septembrie la agen\u021bia EU-OSHA a Comisiei Europene, cu sediul la Bilbao (Spania), autorul acestui articol a v\u0103zut cum europarlamentarul socialist Estrella Dur\u00e0 s-a l\u0103udat c\u0103 directiva privind salariul minim este un exemplu de cum politica poate \u00eenlocui prevederile tratatului. O viziune curioas\u0103 a statului de drept, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, \u0219i cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu una sus\u021binut\u0103 de principiile partidelor ECR.<\/p>\n

        [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/plmrep\/COMMITTEES\/EMPL\/AG\/2022\/07-11\/1258585EN.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Introducere La 12 iulie, Comisia pentru ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i afaceri sociale a Parlamentului European a votat acordul provizoriu rezultat \u00een urma negocierilor interinstitu\u021bionale[1] pentru o directiv\u0103 privind salariul minim. Acordul a fost aprobat de comisie, cu 34 de voturi pentru, 8 voturi \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 2 ab\u021bineri. Printre deputa\u021bii europeni care au votat \u00eempotriv\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[365],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-3906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nComisia European\u0103 for\u021beaz\u0103 dreptul primar \u0219i jurispruden\u021ba Cur\u021bii Europene de Justi\u021bie - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/comisia-europeana-forteaza-dreptul-primar-si-jurisprudenta-curtii-europene-de-justitie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comisia European\u0103 for\u021beaz\u0103 dreptul primar \u0219i jurispruden\u021ba Cur\u021bii Europene de Justi\u021bie - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introducere La 12 iulie, Comisia pentru ocuparea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 \u0219i afaceri sociale a Parlamentului European a votat acordul provizoriu rezultat \u00een urma negocierilor interinstitu\u021bionale[1] pentru o directiv\u0103 privind salariul minim. Acordul a fost aprobat de comisie, cu 34 de voturi pentru, 8 voturi \u00eempotriv\u0103 \u0219i 2 ab\u021bineri. 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