{"id":4049,"date":"2022-10-18T16:19:13","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T16:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/o-conferinta-despre-trecutul-europei"},"modified":"2022-10-18T16:19:13","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T16:19:13","slug":"o-conferinta-despre-trecutul-europei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/o-conferinta-despre-trecutul-europei","title":{"rendered":"O conferin\u021b\u0103 despre trecutul Europei"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cursul anului 2022, for\u021bele centraliste din Uniunea European\u0103, autoproclamate federali\u0219ti, au organizat pretinsa lor Conferin\u021b\u0103 privind viitorul Europei, l\u0103udat\u0103 de \u0219efa Comisiei, Ursula von der Leyen, cu ocazia discursului s\u0103u despre starea Uniunii din septembrie anul trecut.<\/p>\n

Conservatorii \u0219i Reformi\u0219tii Europeni (ECR) au calificat conferin\u021ba drept o „parad\u0103 mediatic\u0103”,<\/a> lipsit\u0103 at\u00e2t de corectitudine, c\u00e2t \u0219i de transparen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Un t\u00e2n\u0103r istoric de la Cambridge \u0219i consultant la Bruxelles, Jose Maria Arroyo Nieto, a publicat recent un articol interesant, \u00een care sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 ar fi fost mai inteligent s\u0103 se organizeze o conferin\u021b\u0103 despre trecutul<\/em> Europei.<\/p>\n

Din c\u00e2te \u0219tiu eu, acesta este primul cercet\u0103tor care a avansat o propunere at\u00e2t de atr\u0103g\u0103toare; \u0219i astfel, pare util s\u0103 aprofund\u0103m argumentele sale \u0219i s\u0103 oferim c\u00e2teva comentarii atunci c\u00e2nd este cazul.<\/p>\n

Discursul s\u0103u \u00eencepe cu un fapt destul de clar. \u00centemeierea Uniunii dup\u0103 cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial se bazeaz\u0103 pe un mit.<\/p>\n

\u00cen mod evident, Europa \u0219i na\u021biunile sale sunt mult mai vechi dec\u00e2t abia cincizeci de ani. Nu cu mult timp \u00een urm\u0103, un politician spaniol cre\u0219tin-democrat, Esperanza Aguirre, pretindea c\u0103 na\u021biunea Isabelei \u0219i a lui Cervantes a fost realizat\u0103 \u00een 1812, c\u00e2nd a fost adoptat\u0103 prima constitu\u021bie liberal\u0103. Foarte pu\u021bini au fost de acord cu aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie, deoarece doamna Aguirre pare s\u0103 ignore c\u0103 regele Reccared s-a convertit la cre\u0219tinism \u00een secolul al VI-lea, \u00een timpul celui de-al treilea Consiliu de la Toledo.<\/p>\n

Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i pentru multe alte na\u021biuni europene. Prin urmare, Uniunea European\u0103 este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r fondat\u0103 pe un mit, deoarece pur \u0219i simplu nu corespunde realit\u0103\u021bii faptul c\u0103 Europa \u0219i-a \u00eenceput cursul \u00een istorie \u00een secolul XX.<\/p>\n

Nici ca uniune, c\u0103ci Evul Mediu a fost martorul unei societ\u0103\u021bi conduse pe continent at\u00e2t de \u00eemp\u0103rat, la nivel civil, c\u00e2t \u0219i de pap\u0103, la nivel spiritual. Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie a durat multe secole, cu mult \u00eenainte de lansarea mitului fondator al Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n

Mutatis mutandis, s-ar putea face o analogie cu un alt mit, cel al fond\u0103rii drepturilor omului, tot dup\u0103 cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial. At\u00e2t cre\u0219tinii, c\u00e2t \u0219i seculari\u0219tii care ap\u0103rau un astfel de concept modern de drepturi au fost de acord cu elaborarea unei carte care s\u0103 le prezinte, de\u0219i nu au fost de acord cu viziunea lor asupra legii \u0219i ordinii.<\/p>\n

Domnul Arroyo citeaz\u0103 un autor, Benedict Anderson, pentru a sus\u021bine problema c\u0103 Uniunea este un mit la originea sa. Potrivit profesorului Anderson, Uniunea este un mit, deoarece na\u021biunile sunt un mit, fiind imaginare.<\/p>\n

Aici nu pot fi de acord cu academicianul irlandez. Cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care cineva ap\u0103r\u0103 o viziune materialist\u0103 a lucrurilor, \u00een care doar materia exist\u0103 \u0219i tot restul este imaginar, pare evident c\u0103 na\u021biunile nu sunt imaginare. Altfel, ar trebui s\u0103 sus\u021binem c\u0103 \u0219i familia este imaginar\u0103, c\u0103 \u0219i Dumnezeu este imaginar, sau c\u0103 o universitate sau o \u00eentreprindere comercial\u0103 sunt imaginare dincolo de profesorii \u0219i studen\u021bii lor individuali, sau managerii \u0219i angaja\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Aceasta este vechea discu\u021bie medieval\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de nominalism. Potrivit lui Ockham \u0219i a altor franciscani care au influen\u021bat g\u00e2ndirea modern\u0103, realitatea se limiteaz\u0103 la particule individuale, spre deosebire de dominicanii aristotelieni \u0219i tomi\u0219ti (\u0219i mai t\u00e2rziu de iezui\u021bi), care acceptau conceptul de universal sau de realit\u0103\u021bi care grupeaz\u0103 mai mul\u021bi indivizi, indiferent dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia existau sau nu din punct de vedere material.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, chiar dac\u0103 na\u021biunile vechi \u0219i noi au existat cu adev\u0103rat \u0219i exist\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi, este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 conceptul lor pe continent a suferit o transformare \u00een secolul al XVI-lea, \u00een care identitatea lor ca \u0219i comunit\u0103\u021bi supuse at\u00e2t Imperiului, c\u00e2t \u0219i Papalit\u0103\u021bii, a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 progresiv de entit\u0103\u021bi autonome, opuse una alteia \u00eentr-un complicat raport de for\u021be.<\/p>\n

Un rege spaniol precum Alphonse X de Castilia ar putea aspira s\u0103 conduc\u0103 Imperiul \u00een lumea medieval\u0103 clasic\u0103 \u0219i o astfel de situa\u021bie ar putea fi acceptat\u0103 de celelalte na\u021biuni vechi<\/em>. \u00cen mod similar, un c\u0103lug\u0103r italian precum Toma d’Aquino putea preda la Paris \u00een deplin\u0103 lini\u0219te. No\u021biunea de bine comun a dominat teritoriul european.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, dup\u0103 Pacea de la Westfalia din 1648, c\u00e2nd principiul na\u021biunilor moderne a fost stabilit \u00een Europa, suveranii \u0219i-au blocat grani\u021bele \u0219i s-au bazat pe vecinii lor doar \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care un acord interna\u021bional ar putea servi intereselor lor specifice.<\/p>\n

Aceasta constituie un concept diferit de na\u021biuni, chiar un concept nou, n\u0103scut \u00een imagina\u021bia unor g\u00e2nditori moderni precum Ockham, Luther, Bodin sau Spinoza, urmat mai t\u00e2rziu de ideali\u0219tii germani, dar un concept care a modelat realitatea politic\u0103 de atunci.<\/p>\n

Oricum ar fi, pare logic, a\u0219a cum sus\u021bine dl Arroyo, c\u0103 o conferin\u021b\u0103 privind viitorul Europei ar necesita mai \u00eent\u00e2i o conferin\u021b\u0103 privind trecutul s\u0103u, pentru a putea ajunge la un acord (sau nu) cu privire la calea comun\u0103 de urmat. Iar un astfel de acord ar trebui s\u0103 se bazeze pe respect reciproc, nu pe \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciune \u0219i pe impunerea unei p\u0103r\u021bi asupra alteia.<\/p>\n

\u00cen absen\u021ba unui astfel de acord asupra trecutului, rezultatul ar putea fi similar cu cel al drepturilor omului. Mul\u021bi au fost de acord cu utilizarea termenului, dar dup\u0103 1968, unii consider\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 cart\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eenghe\u021bat\u0103, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii, mai \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021bi, proclam\u0103 c\u0103 conceptul de demnitate ar trebui s\u0103 fie extins at\u00e2t de mult c\u00e2t voin\u021ba uman\u0103 poate decide \u00een mod autonom.<\/p>\n

Sursa imaginii: EurActiv<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cursul anului 2022, for\u021bele centraliste din Uniunea European\u0103, autoproclamate federali\u0219ti, au organizat pretinsa lor Conferin\u021b\u0103 privind viitorul Europei, l\u0103udat\u0103 de \u0219efa Comisiei, Ursula von der Leyen, cu ocazia discursului s\u0103u despre starea Uniunii din septembrie anul trecut. Conservatorii \u0219i Reformi\u0219tii Europeni (ECR) au calificat conferin\u021ba drept o „parad\u0103 mediatic\u0103”, lipsit\u0103 at\u00e2t de corectitudine, c\u00e2t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":3732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[183],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[365],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-4049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nO conferin\u021b\u0103 despre trecutul Europei - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/o-conferinta-despre-trecutul-europei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O conferin\u021b\u0103 despre trecutul Europei - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen cursul anului 2022, for\u021bele centraliste din Uniunea European\u0103, autoproclamate federali\u0219ti, au organizat pretinsa lor Conferin\u021b\u0103 privind viitorul Europei, l\u0103udat\u0103 de \u0219efa Comisiei, Ursula von der Leyen, cu ocazia discursului s\u0103u despre starea Uniunii din septembrie anul trecut. 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