{"id":41544,"date":"2025-04-11T15:03:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T15:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/cresterea-alarmanta-a-ratei-de-incidenta-a-tuberculozei-in-irlanda"},"modified":"2025-04-11T15:03:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T15:03:15","slug":"cresterea-alarmanta-a-ratei-de-incidenta-a-tuberculozei-in-irlanda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/cresterea-alarmanta-a-ratei-de-incidenta-a-tuberculozei-in-irlanda","title":{"rendered":"Cre\u0219terea alarmant\u0103 a ratei de inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei \u00een Irlanda"},"content":{"rendered":"
De\u0219i TB este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o boal\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii (TB pulmonar\u0103), aceasta se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi \u0219i \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului (TB extrapulmonar\u0103) \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, contribuie \u00een mod activ la sc\u0103derea eficien\u021bei sistemului imunitar al persoanei.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Atunci c\u00e2nd acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, apar afec\u021biuni precum HIV\/SIDA, malnutri\u021bia, diabetul sau utilizarea prelungit\u0103 a medicamentelor imunosupresoare, care, la r\u00e2ndul lor, genereaz\u0103 probleme semnificative de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103.<\/div>\n
\u00centr-adev\u0103r, \u0219tim din rapoartele autorit\u0103\u021bilor de s\u0103n\u0103tate din UE c\u0103, \u00een 2022, au avut loc aproximativ 18 000 de decese cauzate de tuberculoz\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor seropozitive din regiunea european\u0103, echivalentul a 1,9 decese la 100 000 de locuitori. Aceasta a reprezentat o cre\u0219tere de 6 % de la an la an a num\u0103rului de decese fa\u021b\u0103 de 2021. <\/div>\n
Ansamblul acestor afec\u021biuni contribuie \u00een mod clar la povara costurilor generale de asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 ale unei societ\u0103\u021bi, deoarece diagnosticul \u0219i tratamentul pot implica o utilizare de antibiotice timp de 6-9 luni \u0219i niveluri crescute de spitalizare.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Efectul \u00een lan\u021b \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te pierderea productivit\u0103\u021bii este, de asemenea, semnificativ, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 tuberculoza afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod dispropor\u021bionat adul\u021bii de v\u00e2rst\u0103 activ\u0103 (15-54 de ani), duc\u00e2nd la rate ridicate de absenteism \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, chiar la ie\u0219irea definitiv\u0103 din r\u00e2ndul for\u021bei de munc\u0103.<\/div>\n
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De fapt, „Instrumentul de estimare a costurilor pacien\u021bilor” al Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, dezvoltat \u00een colaborare cu KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation \u0219i Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 pacien\u021bii cu tuberculoz\u0103 pierd, \u00een medie, aproximativ 3-4 luni de munc\u0103 din cauza bolii \u0219i a tratamentului.<\/div>\n
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Aceste rezultate ar trebui s\u0103 fie deosebit de \u00eengrijor\u0103toare pentru Irlanda, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere confirmarea recent\u0103 din partea Centrului de supraveghere a protec\u021biei s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii (HPSC) c\u0103 ratele de tuberculoz\u0103 au continuat s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u00een Irlanda \u00een perioada 2024, c\u00e2nd au fost notificate 289 de cazuri de tuberculoz\u0103.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Punctele cheie furnizate de HPSC sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/div>\n
– Inciden\u021ba tuberculozei a crescut \u00een 2024 \u0219i este acum comparabil\u0103 cu nivelurile pre-pandemice<\/div>\n
– Num\u0103rul de cazuri raportate dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te num\u0103rul preconizat de cazuri necesare pentru atingerea obiectivului End TB<\/div>\n
– A fost observat\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a ratei tuberculozei pediatrice<\/div>\n
– Num\u0103rul de cazuri rezistente la rifampicin\u0103 a crescut<\/div>\n
– Completarea rezultatelor tratamentului a r\u0103mas sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/div>\n
– Num\u0103rul de focare raportate a crescut brusc \u00een 2024<\/div>\n
– 32 de cazuri notificate \u00een 2024 au fost legate de 25 de clustere<\/div>\n
Conform raportului Irish Medical Times (IMT), num\u0103rul de cazuri notificate echivaleaz\u0103 cu o rat\u0103 de inciden\u021b\u0103 de 5,6 la 100 000 de locuitori, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 o cre\u0219tere fa\u021b\u0103 de cifrele din 2023, c\u00e2nd au fost raportate 224 de cazuri.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Dup\u0103 cum au remarcat mai multe mijloace de informare \u00een mas\u0103 din Irlanda, acest nivel al ratei de inciden\u021b\u0103 nu corespunde deloc obiectivului Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii de a reduce cazurile de tuberculoz\u0103 cu 80 % p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030. Potrivit HPSC, Irlanda ar fi trebuit s\u0103 aib\u0103 139 de cazuri de tuberculoz\u0103 sau mai pu\u021bine pentru a r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe drumul cel bun pentru atingerea acestui obiectiv. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Striving to End Tuberculosis – A Strategy for Ireland 2024 – 2030<\/i>, care a fost comandat\u0103 de Dr. \u00c9amonn O’Moore, directorul executiv al Serviciului de s\u0103n\u0103tate al Irlandei pentru protec\u021bia s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii na\u021bionale \u0219i scris\u0103 de Dr. Mary O’Meara, consultant \u00een medicina s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii publice \u0219i Dr. James O’Connell, specialist \u00een medicina s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii publice, subliniaz\u0103 \u00eencercarea Irlandei de a r\u0103spunde eficient numeroaselor provoc\u0103ri interconectate prezentate de tuberculoz\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Strategia \u00eencepe prin contextualizarea ratei globale de inciden\u021b\u0103 a TB. De exemplu, aceasta men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een 2023, 10,6 milioane de persoane au dezvoltat tuberculoz\u0103 \u0219i 1,3 milioane au murit din cauza acesteia, \u00een timp ce, la nivel mondial, \u00een 2023, mai mult de una din patru persoane nu a fost detectat\u0103. De asemenea, se remarc\u0103 faptul c\u0103, \u00een timpul pandemiei COVID-19, sc\u0103derea substan\u021bial\u0103 a num\u0103rului de persoane tratate pentru TB rezistent\u0103 la medicamente, a num\u0103rului de persoane care beneficiaz\u0103 de tratament preventiv pentru TB \u0219i a finan\u021b\u0103rii globale pentru combaterea TB nu au f\u0103cut dec\u00e2t s\u0103 agraveze povara global\u0103 a TB. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te \u00een mod specific Irlanda, autorii strategiei au \u021binut s\u0103 precizeze c\u0103, de\u0219i \u00een 2023 existau 57 de \u021b\u0103ri cu o inciden\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 a tuberculozei (mai pu\u021bin de 10 la 100 000), printre care \u0219i Irlanda, Irlanda nu \u00ee\u0219i poate permite niciun fel de automul\u021bumire \u00een eforturile sale de a reduce \u0219i mai mult num\u0103rul de cazuri notificabile.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00centr-adev\u0103r, strategia afirm\u0103 \u00een mod clar c\u0103, \u00een calitate de \u021bar\u0103 cu inciden\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103, Irlanda nu ar trebui doar s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 atingerea obiectivului Strategiei Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii de reducere cu 80% a inciden\u021bei tuberculozei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030, ci ar trebui, de asemenea, s\u0103 aspire la eliminarea tuberculozei (o inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei mai mic\u0103 de una la un milion de locuitori).<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Recenta cre\u0219tere a num\u0103rului de cazuri demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 realizarea acestei ambi\u021bii a devenit acum mult mai dificil\u0103 pentru autorit\u0103\u021bile sanitare din Irlanda.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00cen timp ce raportul HPSC confirm\u0103 faptul c\u0103 un factor major \u00een cre\u0219terea ratei de inciden\u021b\u0103 se refer\u0103 la num\u0103rul de cazuri nedetectate cauzate par\u021bial de impactul continuu al COVID-19 \u00een timpul c\u0103ruia controlul TB a fost \u00eentrerupt din 2020 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022, acesta indic\u0103, de asemenea, o cauz\u0103 mai sensibil\u0103 din punct de vedere politic, \u0219i anume reapari\u021bia bolii din cauza imigra\u021biei.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Raportul confirm\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een timp ce ratele de tuberculoz\u0103 la persoanele n\u0103scute \u00een Irlanda r\u0103m\u00e2n stabile, ratele au fost mai ridicate la persoanele n\u0103scute \u00een afara Irlandei.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
De fapt, un procent dramatic de 72% din cazurile de tuberculoz\u0103 din Irlanda \u00een 2024 provin de la persoane n\u0103scute \u00een afara Irlandei.<\/div>\n
Acest lucru este \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu un articol publicat de The Irish Times la 21 martie 2024, intitulat „Cre\u0219terea cazurilor de tuberculoz\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 Irlanda de obiectivul de eliminare”.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Articolul raporteaz\u0103 date de la HPSC, care a men\u021bionat c\u0103 au existat 224 de cazuri notificate de tuberculoz\u0103 \u00een Irlanda \u00een 2023. Se afirm\u0103 c\u0103: „\u0218aizeci \u0219i \u0219ase la sut\u0103 din cazurile de anul trecut au fost \u00eenregistrate la persoane n\u0103scute \u00een afara Irlandei”, subliniind astfel o rat\u0103 de inciden\u021b\u0103 mai mare \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor n\u0103scute \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate comparativ cu cele n\u0103scute \u00een Irlanda. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Impactul imigra\u021biei asupra ratelor de inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei \u00een UE este bine documentat. Datele adunate de Centrul European de Prevenire \u0219i Control al Bolilor (ECDC) \u0219i, \u00een special, raportul ECDC privind supravegherea \u0219i monitorizarea tuberculozei \u00een Europa confirm\u0103 c\u0103, de\u0219i exist\u0103 varia\u021bii specifice fiec\u0103rei \u021b\u0103ri, povara dispropor\u021bionat\u0103 a nivelului de inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u00een r\u00e2ndul imigran\u021bilor. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ECDC confirm\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103, \u00een 2022, 36 179 de cazuri de tuberculoz\u0103 au fost raportate \u00een toate \u021b\u0103rile UE\/SEE. Cu toate acestea, num\u0103rul de cazuri raportate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia (9270) a reprezentat 25,6% din toate cazurile de TB raportate \u00een 2022 \u0219i o rat\u0103 la 100 000 de locuitori de peste \u0219ase ori mai mare dec\u00e2t rata UE\/SEE. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Acest lucru este deosebit de \u00eengrijor\u0103tor pentru Irlanda, deoarece cet\u0103\u021benii rom\u00e2ni sunt acum unul dintre cele mai mari grupuri de imigran\u021bi din stat. Potrivit Biroului Central de Statistic\u0103 al Irlandei (CSO), recens\u0103m\u00e2ntul din 2016 a estimat c\u0103 \u00een Irlanda tr\u0103iau aproximativ 29.186 de cet\u0103\u021beni rom\u00e2ni. Cu toate acestea, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022, num\u0103rul reziden\u021bilor de origine rom\u00e2n\u0103 a crescut la 43.000, reflect\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 pe parcursul a \u0219ase ani. <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Documentul irlandez Striving to End Tuberculosis – A Strategy for Ireland 2024 – 2030 recunoa\u0219te, de asemenea, \u00een mod clar leg\u0103tura dintre imigra\u021bie \u0219i rata tuberculozei.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Acesta subliniaz\u0103 propria sa evaluare conform c\u0103reia, \u00een \u021b\u0103rile cu inciden\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103, precum Irlanda, o mare parte din cazurile de tuberculoz\u0103 apar \u00een r\u00e2ndul migran\u021bilor recen\u021bi, iar majoritatea cazurilor provin din reactivarea bolii, care este adesea concentrat\u0103 \u00een grupurile vulnerabile de popula\u021bie.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Strategia a recomandat insistent ca, din acest motiv, aceste grupuri s\u0103 fac\u0103 obiectul unor activit\u0103\u021bi de prevenire sporite, cum ar fi supravegherea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, vaccinarea selectiv\u0103 cu Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) \u0219i urm\u0103rirea contac\u021bilor.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n

\u00cen plus, cercet\u0103rile recente eviden\u021biaz\u0103 o alt\u0103 preocupare semnificativ\u0103: infec\u021bia latent\u0103 cu tuberculoz\u0103 (LTBI), \u00een care persoanele sunt purt\u0103toare de bacterii TB f\u0103r\u0103 simptome active. Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 aproximativ un sfert din popula\u021bia global\u0103 este purt\u0103toare de tuberculoz\u0103 latent\u0103, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 un rezervor imens de cazuri viitoare poten\u021biale, \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd imunitatea sl\u0103be\u0219te. Pentru Irlanda, abordarea LTBI ar putea juca un rol esen\u021bial \u00een atingerea obiectivelor na\u021bionale, deoarece infec\u021biile latente evolueaz\u0103 adesea spre boli active la ani de zile dup\u0103 expunerea ini\u021bial\u0103. <\/p>\n

Abordarea proactiv\u0103 a tuberculozei latente prin programe de screening, \u00een special \u00een r\u00e2ndul popula\u021biilor cu risc ridicat, este, prin urmare, recomandat\u0103 \u00een Strategia 2024-2030 ca o m\u0103sur\u0103 preventiv\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103. \u00cen plus, utilizarea tehnologiilor avansate de diagnosticare, cum ar fi testele de eliberare a interferonului gamma (IGRA), este din ce \u00een ce mai sus\u021binut\u0103 de profesioni\u0219tii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii publice pentru a detecta cu exactitate infec\u021biile latente la timp. Extinderea accesului la aceste instrumente de diagnostic \u00een cadrul asisten\u021bei medicale primare ar putea spori \u00een mod semnificativ capacitatea Irlandei de a identifica persoanele cu risc \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia bolii active, aliniindu-se astfel mai eficient la obiectivele mai largi ale OMS de eradicare a tuberculozei. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Acesta sugereaz\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi supravegherea tuberculozei \u0219i pentru a consolida prevenirea tuberculozei \u00een r\u00e2ndul grupurilor la risc, Irlanda trebuie s\u0103 creasc\u0103 nivelul de colaborare pe care \u00eel are \u00een prezent cu organiza\u021biile europene \u0219i alte organiza\u021bii interna\u021bionale din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De\u0219i TB este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o boal\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii (TB pulmonar\u0103), aceasta se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi \u0219i \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului (TB extrapulmonar\u0103) \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, contribuie \u00een mod activ la sc\u0103derea eficien\u021bei sistemului imunitar al persoanei. Atunci c\u00e2nd acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, apar afec\u021biuni precum HIV\/SIDA, malnutri\u021bia, diabetul sau utilizarea prelungit\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":19543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-41544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanatate","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nCre\u0219terea alarmant\u0103 a ratei de inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei \u00een Irlanda - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/cresterea-alarmanta-a-ratei-de-incidenta-a-tuberculozei-in-irlanda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cre\u0219terea alarmant\u0103 a ratei de inciden\u021b\u0103 a tuberculozei \u00een Irlanda - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De\u0219i TB este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd o boal\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii (TB pulmonar\u0103), aceasta se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi \u0219i \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului (TB extrapulmonar\u0103) \u0219i, \u00een multe cazuri, contribuie \u00een mod activ la sc\u0103derea eficien\u021bei sistemului imunitar al persoanei. 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