{"id":43796,"date":"2025-07-09T10:31:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T10:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/incercarea-irlandei-de-a-recupera-decalajul-fata-de-legislatia-ue-privind-drepturile-de-autor"},"modified":"2025-07-09T10:31:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T10:31:08","slug":"incercarea-irlandei-de-a-recupera-decalajul-fata-de-legislatia-ue-privind-drepturile-de-autor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/incercarea-irlandei-de-a-recupera-decalajul-fata-de-legislatia-ue-privind-drepturile-de-autor","title":{"rendered":"\u00cencercarea Irlandei de a recupera decalajul fa\u021b\u0103 de legisla\u021bia UE privind drepturile de autor"},"content":{"rendered":"
Cadrul drepturilor de autor al Uniunii Europene este o construc\u021bie labirintic\u0103 care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 un echilibru \u00eentre \u00eencurajarea creativit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i asigurarea conformit\u0103\u021bii juridice \u00een statele sale membre.<\/div>\n
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Este un sistem conceput pentru a proteja roadele muncii artistice, navig\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp prin complexitatea unei epoci digitale \u00een care muzica, filmele \u0219i literatura sunt consumate prin simpla ap\u0103sare a unui buton.<\/div>\n
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Recenta dezbatere din D\u00e1il-ul irlandez privind proiectul de lege 2025 privind drepturile de autor \u0219i drepturile conexe (amendament) ofer\u0103 o perspectiv\u0103 oportun\u0103 prin care s\u0103 se examineze peisajul mai larg al drepturilor de autor din UE, ajust\u0103rile legislative din Irlanda reflect\u00e2nd at\u00e2t provoc\u0103rile, c\u00e2t \u0219i aspira\u021biile armoniz\u0103rii legisla\u021biei privind proprietatea intelectual\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Specificul proiectului de lege irlandez poate fi, de asemenea, examinat \u00een mod util prin compara\u021bii cu regimurile drepturilor de autor din Germania \u0219i Fran\u021ba, care adopt\u0103 abord\u0103ri distincte ca r\u0103spuns la tensiunile \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bile legate de protejarea drepturilor de crea\u021bie \u00een contextul tehnic modern.<\/div>\n
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Proiectul de lege \u00een sine, dezb\u0103tut \u00een D\u00e1il \u00een iunie 2025, reprezint\u0103 \u00eencercarea Irlandei de a rectifica o \u00eent\u00e2rziere \u00een transpunerea complet\u0103 a Directivei UE din 2006 privind drepturile de autor (2006\/115\/CE).<\/div>\n
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Dup\u0103 cum a subliniat ministrul de stat Alan Dillon \u00een discursul s\u0103u de deschidere, proiectul de lege abordeaz\u0103 o hot\u0103r\u00e2re din 2020 a Cur\u021bii de Justi\u021bie a Uniunii Europene (CJUE) care a constatat c\u0103 Irlanda nu respect\u0103 directiva, \u00een special \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te gestionarea pl\u0103\u021bilor de redeven\u021be \u00eentre produc\u0103torii de muzic\u0103 \u0219i arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi.<\/div>\n
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Dillon a subliniat, de asemenea, argumentul economic \u00een favoarea proiectului de lege, men\u021bion\u00e2nd c\u0103 „un cadru juridic solid \u0219i func\u021bional \u00een sprijinul drepturilor de autor \u0219i al propriet\u0103\u021bii intelectuale \u00een general este, dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat deja, esen\u021bial pentru bun\u0103starea economic\u0103 a sectorului creativ, care angajeaz\u0103 aproximativ 80 000 de persoane”.<\/div>\n
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Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea CJUE, care rezult\u0103 dintr-un caz intentat de Recorded Artists, Actors and Performers (RAAP) \u0219i Phonographic Performance Ireland (PPI), a eviden\u021biat e\u0219ecul Irlandei de a asigura o remunera\u021bie echitabil\u0103, o piatr\u0103 de temelie a directivei, \u0219i de a se alinia tratatelor interna\u021bionale precum Tratatul OMPI privind interpret\u0103rile \u0219i execu\u021biile \u0219i fonogramele (WPPT) \u0219i Conven\u021bia de la Roma.<\/div>\n
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Proiectul de lege introduce mai multe reforme esen\u021biale. Acesta stabile\u0219te \u00een mod implicit o \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bire 50-50 a redeven\u021belor \u00eentre arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi \u0219i produc\u0103tori; un standard deja adoptat de dou\u0103 treimi din statele membre ale UE. <\/div>\n
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De asemenea, aceasta extinde protec\u021bia la resortisan\u021bii \u021b\u0103rilor din afara SEE care sunt p\u0103r\u021bi la tratatele interna\u021bionale privind drepturile de autor \u0219i transfer\u0103 solu\u021bionarea litigiilor de la controlorul Oficiului pentru Proprietate Intelectual\u0103 la Curtea de Circuit.<\/div>\n
Aceast\u0103 ultim\u0103 modificare a st\u00e2rnit dezbateri aprinse, deputa\u021bii din principalul partid de opozi\u021bie denun\u021b\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 ca fiind un pas c\u0103tre procese costisitoare \u0219i legaliste care ar putea descuraja arti\u0219tii individuali s\u0103 caute dreptatea. Opozi\u021bia a prezentat un argument conform c\u0103ruia decizia guvernului de a „introduce” litigiile \u00een instan\u021be contravine politicii sale mai largi de \u00eencurajare a solu\u021bion\u0103rii alternative a litigiilor, ceea ce ar putea bloca un sistem judiciar deja tensionat. <\/div>\n
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Unii membri ai opozi\u021biei au subliniat, de asemenea, lipsa consult\u0103rii cu p\u0103r\u021bile interesate \u0219i eliminarea rolului organismelor de acordare a licen\u021belor \u00een reprezentarea arti\u0219tilor. Au existat avertismente c\u0103 aceast\u0103 trecere la litigii individuale ar putea dezavantaja \u00een mod dispropor\u021bionat arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi, care adesea nu dispun de resursele financiare necesare pentru a contesta \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 casele de discuri bogate. <\/div>\n
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Aceste preocup\u0103ri eviden\u021biaz\u0103 o tensiune mai larg\u0103 \u00een legisla\u021bia privind drepturile de autor: necesitatea de a proteja arti\u0219tii f\u0103r\u0103 a crea bariere \u00een calea accesului la drepturile lor.<\/div>\n
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Sus\u021bin\u0103torii proiectului de lege de pe b\u0103ncile guvernului au respins aceste preocup\u0103ri, subliniind convingerea lor c\u0103 implicarea Cur\u021bii de Circuit consolideaz\u0103 controlul judiciar \u0219i se aliniaz\u0103 demersului UE pentru cadre juridice solide.<\/div>\n
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Germania ofer\u0103 un model contrastant pentru aplicarea drepturilor de autor. Legea drepturilor de autor, reglementat\u0103 de Urheberrechtsgesetz (Legea drepturilor de autor), este \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bia dreptului de autor, care plaseaz\u0103 creatorul \u00een centrul protec\u021biei propriet\u0103\u021bii intelectuale. <\/div>\n
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Exist\u0103 un argument puternic c\u0103, spre deosebire de modific\u0103rile legislative reactive ale Irlandei, Germania a ales s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i adapteze \u00een mod proactiv cadrul privind drepturile de autor pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 provoc\u0103rilor digitale, \u00een special prin punerea \u00een aplicare a Directivei UE 2019 privind drepturile de autor (2019\/790).<\/div>\n
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Aceast\u0103 directiv\u0103, care a introdus dispozi\u021bii controversate precum articolul 17 (care impune platformelor s\u0103 filtreze con\u021binutul protejat de drepturi de autor), a fost transpus\u0103 \u00een legisla\u021bia german\u0103 \u00een 2021 prin Urheberrechts-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz (Legea privind furnizorii de servicii de drepturi de autor).<\/div>\n
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Abordarea Germaniei fa\u021b\u0103 de remunerarea echitabil\u0103 este deosebit de instructiv\u0103. \u021aara are un sistem bine stabilit de societ\u0103\u021bi de gestiune colectiv\u0103, precum GEMA pentru muzic\u0103 \u0219i VG Wort pentru literatur\u0103, care negociaz\u0103 redeven\u021bele \u00een numele creatorilor. Aceste societ\u0103\u021bi se asigur\u0103 c\u0103 arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi \u0219i autorii primesc o parte echitabil\u0103 din veniturile ob\u021binute de pe platformele digitale, un model pe care proiectul de lege irlandez \u00eel imit\u0103 par\u021bial prin \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea implicit\u0103 50-50. Cu toate acestea, sistemul din Germania este mai solid, cu acorduri de negociere colectiv\u0103 care permit arti\u0219tilor s\u0103 negocieze condi\u021biile cu entit\u0103\u021bi puternice precum serviciile de streaming. Datele GEMA arat\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een 2024, a distribuit 1,2 miliarde EUR titularilor de drepturi, o dovad\u0103 a eficacit\u0103\u021bii ac\u021biunii colective \u00een asigurarea unei remunera\u021bii echitabile. <\/div>\n
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Acest lucru contrasteaz\u0103 cu situa\u021bia din Irlanda, un deputat din opozi\u021bie subliniind cazul alarmant al companiei Meta care utilizeaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt opere ale c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torilor irlandezi ai Premiului Booker, subliniind astfel necesitatea unui cadru de reglementare care s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 pasul cu progresele tehnologice.<\/div>\n
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Fran\u021ba ofer\u0103, de asemenea, un model care prioritizeaz\u0103 drepturile arti\u0219tilor interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi prin sistemul s\u0103u de droit d’auteur. Code de la Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 Intellectuelle din Fran\u021ba ofer\u0103 un cadru cuprinz\u0103tor pentru drepturile de autor, pun\u00e2nd accentul pe dreptul de net\u0103g\u0103duit la o remunera\u021bie echitabil\u0103. <\/div>\n
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\u00cen 2016, Fran\u021ba a pus \u00een aplicare legi care oblig\u0103 platformele de streaming \u0219i distribuitorii digitali s\u0103 \u00eempart\u0103 veniturile \u00een mod echitabil cu arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi, o m\u0103sur\u0103 care a consolidat sustenabilitatea industriei muzicale franceze. Potrivit unui raport pe anul 2023 al societ\u0103\u021bii franceze de gestiune colectiv\u0103 SACEM, arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi au primit 450 de milioane de euro \u00een redeven\u021be de la platformele digitale, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 o cre\u0219tere de 15% fa\u021b\u0103 de 2020, reflect\u00e2nd succesul acestor m\u0103suri. <\/div>\n
Prin urmare, cadrul UE privind drepturile de autor este, probabil \u00een mod inevitabil, un mozaic de directive menite s\u0103 armonizeze legisla\u021bia din statele membre.<\/div>\n
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Directiva din 2006 privind drepturile de autor, care se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul recentei revizuiri legislative a Irlandei, a urm\u0103rit s\u0103 asigure o remunera\u021bie echitabil\u0103 pentru arti\u0219tii interpre\u021bi sau executan\u021bi \u0219i produc\u0103tori, \u00een special \u00een contextul drepturilor de \u00eenchiriere \u0219i de \u00eemprumut. Directiva din 2019 privind drepturile de autor s-a bazat pe aceasta, abord\u00e2nd provoc\u0103rile digitale, solicit\u00e2nd platformelor precum YouTube s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 licen\u021be pentru con\u021binutul protejat de drepturi de autor \u0219i asigur\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 creatorii primesc o parte echitabil\u0103 din venituri. Cu toate acestea, dup\u0103 cum arat\u0103 experien\u021ba Irlandei, transpunerea acestor directive este inegal\u0103, state membre precum Germania \u0219i Fran\u021ba stabilind un standard mai ridicat dec\u00e2t na\u021biunile mai mici care se lupt\u0103 s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 pasul. <\/div>\n
Cre\u0219terea inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i a platformelor digitale adaug\u0103 \u0219i mai mult\u0103 complexitate.<\/div>\n
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Dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat \u00een timpul dezbaterii din D\u00e1il, utilizarea neautorizat\u0103 a operelor de crea\u021bie pentru a antrena modele de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare existen\u021bial\u0103 pentru arti\u0219ti.<\/div>\n
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Legea UE privind inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103, care se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 va fi pe deplin pus\u0103 \u00een aplicare p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2026, \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 abordeze acest aspect prin impunerea transparen\u021bei datelor privind formarea \u00een domeniul inteligen\u021bei artificiale, \u00eens\u0103 punerea \u00een aplicare va r\u0103m\u00e2ne aproape cu siguran\u021b\u0103 o provocare.<\/div>\n
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Proiectul de lege irlandez privind drepturile de autor \u0219i drepturile conexe (modificare) din 2025 reprezint\u0103 un pas \u00eenainte \u00een direc\u021bia alinierii Irlandei la standardele UE \u0219i interna\u021bionale \u00een materie de drepturi de autor, dar relev\u0103, de asemenea, dificult\u0103\u021bile legate de echilibrarea conformit\u0103\u021bii juridice cu accesibilitatea practic\u0103.<\/div>\n
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Germania \u0219i Fran\u021ba ofer\u0103 modele de succes, cu societ\u0103\u021bi de gestiune colectiv\u0103 solide \u0219i mecanisme alternative de solu\u021bionare a litigiilor care \u00eei responsabilizeaz\u0103 pe arti\u0219ti f\u0103r\u0103 a-i \u00eempov\u0103ra cu litigii costisitoare. Trecerea Irlandei la Curtea de Circuit, de\u0219i este menit\u0103 s\u0103 consolideze supravegherea judiciar\u0103, risc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eendep\u0103rteze chiar pe creatorii pe care urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 \u00eei protejeze. <\/div>\n
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Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce UE navigheaz\u0103 \u00een era digital\u0103, legisla\u021bia privind drepturile de autor trebuie s\u0103 evolueze pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 noilor amenin\u021b\u0103ri, cum ar fi \u00eenc\u0103lcarea drepturilor de autor prin intermediul inteligen\u021bei artificiale, asigur\u00e2ndu-se \u00een acela\u0219i timp c\u0103 arti\u0219tii, indiferent dac\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een Dublin, Berlin sau Paris, primesc o compensa\u021bie echitabil\u0103 pentru munca lor.<\/div>\n
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Cu toate acestea, dezbaterea irlandez\u0103, cu accentul s\u0103u pe remunera\u021bia echitabil\u0103 \u0219i accesul la justi\u021bie, reflect\u0103 lupta mai ampl\u0103 pentru sus\u021binerea valorii creativit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentr-o lume \u00een care tehnologia dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te adesea reglement\u0103rile.<\/div>\n
De asemenea, subliniaz\u0103 c\u00e2t de dificil poate fi s\u0103 protejezi creatorii individuali de exploatare, promov\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp un mediu \u00een care inova\u021bia s\u0103 prospere.<\/div>\n
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Cadrul UE \u0219i cel al Irlandei privind drepturile de autor, oric\u00e2t de imperfecte ar fi, reprezint\u0103 pa\u0219i constructivi pentru atingerea acestui echilibru.<\/div>\n
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Ca \u00eentotdeauna, aceste eforturi \u0219i nevoia continu\u0103 de perfec\u021bionare necesit\u0103 vigilen\u021b\u0103, colaborare \u0219i un angajament fa\u021b\u0103 de echitate pentru a avea succes.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cadrul drepturilor de autor al Uniunii Europene este o construc\u021bie labirintic\u0103 care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 un echilibru \u00eentre \u00eencurajarea creativit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i asigurarea conformit\u0103\u021bii juridice \u00een statele sale membre. Este un sistem conceput pentru a proteja roadele muncii artistice, navig\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp prin complexitatea unei epoci digitale \u00een care muzica, filmele \u0219i literatura sunt consumate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":43764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-43796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00cencercarea Irlandei de a recupera decalajul fa\u021b\u0103 de legisla\u021bia UE privind drepturile de autor - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/incercarea-irlandei-de-a-recupera-decalajul-fata-de-legislatia-ue-privind-drepturile-de-autor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cencercarea Irlandei de a recupera decalajul fa\u021b\u0103 de legisla\u021bia UE privind drepturile de autor - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cadrul drepturilor de autor al Uniunii Europene este o construc\u021bie labirintic\u0103 care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 un echilibru \u00eentre \u00eencurajarea creativit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i asigurarea conformit\u0103\u021bii juridice \u00een statele sale membre. 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