{"id":56203,"date":"2026-05-22T14:56:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T14:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/irlanda-se-confrunta-in-sfarsit-cu-amenintarea-terorista-a-extremismului-islamist"},"modified":"2026-05-22T14:56:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T14:56:40","slug":"irlanda-se-confrunta-in-sfarsit-cu-amenintarea-terorista-a-extremismului-islamist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/irlanda-se-confrunta-in-sfarsit-cu-amenintarea-terorista-a-extremismului-islamist","title":{"rendered":"Irlanda se confrunt\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it cu amenin\u021barea terorist\u0103 a extremismului islamist"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00cen articolele anterioare am scris despre provocarea reprezentat\u0103 de islamism \u00een Europa, nu ca o chestiune de disput\u0103 teologic\u0103, ci ca o chestiune de ordine public\u0103, \u00eencredere democratic\u0103 \u0219i securitate na\u021bional\u0103. Aceast\u0103 distinc\u021bie este important\u0103. Islamul, ca credin\u021b\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 pa\u0219nic de milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni europeni, nu este subiectul aici. Islamismul este diferit. Este o ideologie politic\u0103 care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 reorganizeze via\u021ba public\u0103 \u00een jurul unui program religios suprema\u021bionist, iar \u00een formele sale cele mai violente a furnizat \u00een mod repetat justificarea crimelor. <\/p>\n

Irlanda a abordat adesea acest subiect ca \u0219i cum ar fi apar\u021binut altor \u021b\u0103ri. Fran\u021ba, Belgia, Marea Britanie, Germania, Austria \u0219i Spania au fost tratate ca fiind linia \u00eent\u00e2i evident\u0103; Irlanda a fost considerat\u0103 periferic\u0103, protejat\u0103 de geografie, neutralitate, scar\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i noroc. Aceast\u0103 viziune a fost \u00eentotdeauna prea confortabil\u0103. Primul raport anual al examinatorului independent al legisla\u021biei irlandeze \u00een materie de securitate ar trebui s\u0103 pun\u0103 cap\u0103t acestei opinii. <\/p>\n

George Birmingham, fostul pre\u0219edinte al Cur\u021bii de Apel \u0219i primul examinator independent al legisla\u021biei \u00een materie de securitate din Irlanda, nu este adeptul limbajului teatral. Acesta este motivul pentru care prefa\u021ba la raportul s\u0103u 2025 este at\u00e2t de important\u0103. El afirm\u0103 clar c\u0103 terorismul islamist este \u00een prezent un „motiv semnificativ de \u00eengrijorare” pentru Irlanda, at\u00e2t pentru c\u0103 atacurile pot avea loc \u00een aceast\u0103 jurisdic\u021bie, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru c\u0103 un atac \u00een alt\u0103 parte poate fi planificat sau lansat din stat. El subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, amenin\u021barea reprezentat\u0103 de a\u0219a-numi\u021bii actori solitari, activitatea ostil\u0103 a statului, republicanismul disident, terorismul de extrem\u0103 dreapt\u0103, terorismul de extrem\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 \u0219i terorismul cu o singur\u0103 tem\u0103. Cu alte cuvinte, raportul nu cere Irlandei s\u0103 intre \u00een panic\u0103. Acesta \u00eei cere Irlandei s\u0103 se maturizeze. <\/p>\n

Schimbarea este substan\u021bial\u0103. \u00cen cea mai mare parte a istoriei statului, politica de securitate irlandez\u0103 a fost modelat\u0103 de violen\u021ba republican\u0103 \u0219i de lunga umbr\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor. Aceast\u0103 amenin\u021bare nu a disp\u0103rut. Dar peisajul securit\u0103\u021bii s-a l\u0103rgit. Irlanda face acum parte din acela\u0219i mediu digital, financiar \u0219i migrator ca \u0219i restul Europei. O \u021bar\u0103 poate fi mic\u0103 \u0219i totu\u0219i util\u0103 extremi\u0219tilor. Poate fi neutr\u0103 \u0219i totu\u0219i s\u0103 fie vizat\u0103. Poate s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 o istorie recent\u0103 a atacurilor jihadiste cu victime \u00een mas\u0103 \u0219i totu\u0219i s\u0103 produc\u0103, s\u0103 g\u0103zduiasc\u0103 sau s\u0103 permit\u0103 un actor violent. <\/p>\n

Atacul asupra p\u0103rintelui Paul Murphy la cazarma Renmore din Galway, la 15 august 2024, a ar\u0103tat cum arat\u0103 acest lucru \u00een practic\u0103. Un adolescent, radicalizat pe internet de materiale islamiste extremiste, l-a \u00eenjunghiat \u00een mod repetat pe capelanul For\u021belor de Ap\u0103rare \u00een fa\u021ba caz\u0103rmii. Instan\u021ba a auzit c\u0103 b\u0103iatul fusese expus la con\u021binut care sus\u021binea ISIS. \u00cen aprilie 2025, el a fost condamnat la opt ani de deten\u021bie pentru tentativ\u0103 de omor. Comportamentul ulterior al p\u0103rintelui Murphy, inclusiv iertarea atacatorului s\u0103u, a fost profund emo\u021bionant. \u00cens\u0103 mila sa personal\u0103 nu trebuie confundat\u0103 cu un r\u0103spuns de politic\u0103 public\u0103. Statul \u00eenc\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eentrebe cum a putut un t\u00e2n\u0103r vulnerabil din Irlanda s\u0103 fie atras at\u00e2t de mult \u00een propaganda extremist\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 ucid\u0103 un reprezentant al for\u021belor de ap\u0103rare. <\/p>\n

Acest caz ilustreaz\u0103, de asemenea, de ce vechea imagine a terorismului nu mai func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Amenin\u021barea nu se limiteaz\u0103 la o celul\u0103 care se reune\u0219te \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 din spate, la o tab\u0103r\u0103 de antrenament str\u0103in\u0103 sau la un curier care transport\u0103 instruc\u021biuni peste grani\u021b\u0103. Acestea sunt \u00eenc\u0103 importante, dar ecosistemul modern este mai liber \u0219i mai rapid. Un adolescent cu un telefon poate fi expus propagandei, nara\u021biunilor de nemul\u021bumire, imaginilor de pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103, fanteziilor de r\u0103zbunare \u00een cadru religios \u0219i materialelor tactice f\u0103r\u0103 a se al\u0103tura vreodat\u0103 unei organiza\u021bii oficiale. Drumul de la izolare la violen\u021b\u0103 poate fi scurt. Poate p\u0103rea, din exterior, mai pu\u021bin o conspira\u021bie \u0219i mai mult un colaps privat. Dar con\u021binutul ideologic nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor. Acesta d\u0103 direc\u021bie furiei. <\/p>\n

Cel mai recent rezumat TE-SAT 2025 al Europol \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te acest punct de vedere. \u00cen UE, \u00een 2024, statele membre au raportat 58 de atacuri teroriste, inclusiv atacuri finalizate, e\u0219uate \u0219i dejucate. Cel mai mare num\u0103r a fost atribuit terorismului jihadist, urmat de terorismul de st\u00e2nga \u0219i anarhist. Terorismul jihadist a fost, de asemenea, cea mai letal\u0103 categorie, cu cinci persoane ucise \u0219i optsprezece r\u0103nite. Europol a \u00eenregistrat 449 de arest\u0103ri legate de terorism \u00een 20 de state membre, majoritatea fiind legate de terorismul jihadist. Acesta a avertizat, de asemenea, cu privire la implicarea tot mai mare a minorilor \u0219i a tinerilor, la re\u021belele online, la izolarea social\u0103, la dependen\u021ba digital\u0103 \u0219i la hibridizarea subculturilor extremiste. <\/p>\n

Acest lucru ar trebui s\u0103 sune ciudat de familiar \u00een Irlanda dup\u0103 atacul de la Renmore. Ideea nu este c\u0103 fiecare adolescent izolat este un risc terorist. Ideea este c\u0103 radicalizarea online a f\u0103cut ca distan\u021ba s\u0103 fie mai pu\u021bin protectoare dec\u00e2t a fost odat\u0103. Mediul irlandez \u00een care se vorbe\u0219te limba englez\u0103, societatea sa deschis\u0103, pozi\u021bia sa \u00een cadrul Spa\u021biului de c\u0103l\u0103torie comun \u0219i proximitatea sa fa\u021b\u0103 de Marea Britanie creeaz\u0103 considerente de securitate evidente. \u00cen cazul \u00een care o re\u021bea extremist\u0103 nu poate lovi cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103, aceasta se poate orienta c\u0103tre o alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 pentru logistic\u0103, bani, comunica\u021bii, documente de c\u0103l\u0103torie, recrutare sau planificare. Politica de securitate trebuie s\u0103 g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 \u00een re\u021bele, deoarece extremi\u0219tii fac acest lucru. <\/p>\n

\u00cen acest context, activitatea Grupului ECR privind islamismul non-violent r\u0103m\u00e2ne relevant\u0103. Raportul din 2021 Network of Networks: Fr\u0103\u021bia Musulman\u0103 \u00een Europa<\/em>, realizat de Dr. Paul Stott \u0219i Dr. Tommaso Virgili, a sus\u021binut c\u0103 Europa a tratat de prea multe ori organiza\u021biile societ\u0103\u021bii civile legate de islamism ca pe ni\u0219te organisme reprezentative obi\u0219nuite, nereu\u0219ind s\u0103 examineze r\u0103d\u0103cinile lor ideologice, afilierile din str\u0103in\u0103tate \u0219i obiectivele politice. Problema central\u0103 nu este doar terorismul \u00een sensul opera\u021bional restr\u00e2ns. Este vorba de ecosistemul mai larg \u00een care sunt cultivate identit\u0103\u021bile separatiste, democra\u021bia liberal\u0103 este descris\u0103 ca fiind nelegitim\u0103 din punct de vedere moral, iar reprezentarea comunit\u0103\u021bii este capturat\u0103 de cei mai g\u0103l\u0103gio\u0219i \u0219i mai organiza\u021bi actori ideologici. <\/p>\n

Criticii resping uneori acest argument ca fiind alarmist. Aceasta este o gre\u0219eal\u0103. Este perfect posibil s\u0103 ap\u0103r\u0103m cet\u0103\u021benii musulmani de discriminare \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, s\u0103 analiz\u0103m re\u021belele politice islamiste. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, o democra\u021bie serioas\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 le fac\u0103 pe am\u00e2ndou\u0103. Mul\u021bi musulmani europeni sunt primele victime ale intimid\u0103rii islamiste, ale presiunii sociale \u0219i ale controlului comunitar. Ei au cel mai mare interes \u00een a se asigura c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile publice nu externalizeaz\u0103 „angajamentul fa\u021b\u0103 de comunitate” c\u0103tre grupuri ale c\u0103ror valori nu sunt reprezentative pentru familiile musulmane obi\u0219nuite care doresc s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 liber, s\u0103 munceasc\u0103, s\u0103 se \u00eenchine, s\u0103 nu fie de acord \u0219i s\u0103-\u0219i creasc\u0103 copiii f\u0103r\u0103 supraveghere ideologic\u0103. <\/p>\n

Problema finan\u021b\u0103rii publice este deosebit de sensibil\u0103. \u00cen cazul \u00een care banii contribuabililor sunt acorda\u021bi unor organiza\u021bii implicate \u00een activit\u0103\u021bi de integrare, de combatere a discrimin\u0103rii, \u00een proiecte pentru tineret sau \u00een ajutoare de peste m\u0103ri, aceste organiza\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 fac\u0103 obiectul unei verific\u0103ri prealabile corespunz\u0103toare. ECR a solicitat \u00een mod repetat o verificare mai strict\u0103 \u0219i, acolo unde este necesar, un moratoriu asupra finan\u021b\u0103rii organismelor care au leg\u0103turi credibile cu re\u021belele islamiste p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd guvernan\u021ba, asocia\u021biile \u0219i pozi\u021biile publice ale acestora sunt examinate \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor. Aceasta nu este persecu\u021bie. Este o administrare de baz\u0103. Institu\u021biile europene nu ar finan\u021ba cu bun\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 organiza\u021bii legate de re\u021bele neofasciste sau marxiste revolu\u021bionare \u0219i apoi s\u0103 se scuze spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 aceste organisme desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i programe sociale. Acela\u0219i standard ar trebui s\u0103 se aplice organiza\u021biilor islamiste. <\/p>\n

Irlanda ar trebui s\u0103 trag\u0103 trei \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103minte din raportul examinatorului independent. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, legisla\u021bia privind securitatea trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 mediului de comunica\u021bii \u00een care se dezvolt\u0103 acum amenin\u021b\u0103rile. Raportul Birmingham recomand\u0103 o baz\u0103 legislativ\u0103 mai solid\u0103 pentru interceptarea \u0219i accesul la comunica\u021biile digitale moderne, cu garan\u021bii. Acest echilibru este esen\u021bial. Competen\u021bele intruzive trebuie s\u0103 fie legale, propor\u021bionale \u0219i supravegheate independent. Dar nu se poate a\u0219tepta ca un cadru juridic construit pentru o alt\u0103 er\u0103 tehnologic\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 amenin\u021b\u0103rilor actuale. <\/p>\n

\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, contraterorismul trebuie s\u0103 abordeze at\u00e2t ideologia, c\u00e2t \u0219i capacitatea. Nu este suficient s\u0103 monitoriz\u0103m armele, banii \u0219i c\u0103l\u0103toriile dac\u0103 institu\u021biile publice refuz\u0103 s\u0103 numeasc\u0103 doctrinele care justific\u0103 violen\u021ba sau separatismul. Activitatea de deradicalizare care evit\u0103 teologia, ideologia \u0219i nara\u021biunile de nemul\u021bumire va e\u0219ua. La fel \u0219i politica de integrare care recompenseaz\u0103 vocile cele mai sectare cu acces, statut \u0219i finan\u021bare. <\/p>\n

\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, Irlanda are nevoie de un limbaj civic mai \u00eencrez\u0103tor. Statul ar trebui s\u0103 poat\u0103 spune c\u0103 democra\u021bia liberal\u0103, egalitatea \u00een fa\u021ba legii, libertatea de con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, libertatea de exprimare, pluralismul \u0219i drepturile femeilor \u0219i ale minorit\u0103\u021bilor nu sunt obiceiuri locale op\u021bionale. Acestea sunt condi\u021biile \u00een care se organizeaz\u0103 via\u021ba public\u0103. Oricine este liber s\u0103 practice religia. Nimeni nu este liber s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 sisteme paralele de autoritate coercitiv\u0103 sub acoperire religioas\u0103. <\/p>\n

Prin urmare, raportul examinatorului independent nu este doar un alt document pentru speciali\u0219ti. Este un marker. Dezbaterea privind securitatea Irlandei a trecut de la negare la recunoa\u0219tere. Acum trebuie s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 aceast\u0103 recunoa\u0219tere devine politic\u0103: o mai bun\u0103 cooperare \u00een domeniul informa\u021biilor, o legisla\u021bie actualizat\u0103 \u00een materie de supraveghere, o supraveghere serioas\u0103, o con\u0219tientizare mai puternic\u0103 a frontierelor \u0219i a c\u0103l\u0103toriilor, programe credibile de deradicalizare \u0219i o analiz\u0103 atent\u0103 a finan\u021b\u0103rii publice pentru organiza\u021biile care pretind c\u0103 au statut reprezentativ. <\/p>\n

Isteria nu are nicio virtute, dar polite\u021bea este periculoas\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd polite\u021bea devine evaziune. Irlanda nu trebuie s\u0103 importe cele mai rele obiceiuri ale politicii de securitate continentale \u0219i nici nu trebuie s\u0103 pretind\u0103 c\u0103 orice problem\u0103 din alt\u0103 parte este deja prezent\u0103 aici \u00een aceea\u0219i form\u0103. Dar trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenceteze s\u0103 trateze extremismul islamist ca pe o abstrac\u021bie. Atacul de la Galway, datele europene \u0219i propriile cuvinte ale Independent Examiner indic\u0103 toate \u00een aceea\u0219i direc\u021bie. Amenin\u021barea este real\u0103, evolueaz\u0103 \u0219i necesit\u0103 un r\u0103spuns democratic care s\u0103 fie clar, legal \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 jen\u0103. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen articolele anterioare am scris despre provocarea reprezentat\u0103 de islamism \u00een Europa, nu ca o chestiune de disput\u0103 teologic\u0103, ci ca o chestiune de ordine public\u0103, \u00eencredere democratic\u0103 \u0219i securitate na\u021bional\u0103. Aceast\u0103 distinc\u021bie este important\u0103. Islamul, ca credin\u021b\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 pa\u0219nic de milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni europeni, nu este subiectul aici. Islamismul este diferit. Este o ideologie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":7207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[],"regions":[],"types":[456],"class_list":["post-56203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-ro","types-opinion-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nIrlanda se confrunt\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it cu amenin\u021barea terorist\u0103 a extremismului islamist - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/irlanda-se-confrunta-in-sfarsit-cu-amenintarea-terorista-a-extremismului-islamist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Irlanda se confrunt\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it cu amenin\u021barea terorist\u0103 a extremismului islamist - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen articolele anterioare am scris despre provocarea reprezentat\u0103 de islamism \u00een Europa, nu ca o chestiune de disput\u0103 teologic\u0103, ci ca o chestiune de ordine public\u0103, \u00eencredere democratic\u0103 \u0219i securitate na\u021bional\u0103. Aceast\u0103 distinc\u021bie este important\u0103. Islamul, ca credin\u021b\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 pa\u0219nic de milioane de cet\u0103\u021beni europeni, nu este subiectul aici. Islamismul este diferit. 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