{"id":9249,"date":"2023-05-13T14:27:04","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T14:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/o-europa-mai-asertiva-este-ceruta-in-noua-strategie-ue-china"},"modified":"2023-05-13T14:27:04","modified_gmt":"2023-05-13T14:27:04","slug":"o-europa-mai-asertiva-este-ceruta-in-noua-strategie-ue-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/o-europa-mai-asertiva-este-ceruta-in-noua-strategie-ue-china","title":{"rendered":"O Europ\u0103 mai asertiv\u0103 este cerut\u0103 \u00een noua strategie UE-China"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen actuala configura\u021bie mondial\u0103, cele trei mari puteri politice \u0219i economice par a fi Statele Unite, Europa \u0219i China. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen special, China devine din ce \u00een ce mai mult un actor important pe scena mondial\u0103, asigur\u00e2ndu-\u0219i o prezen\u021b\u0103 extins\u0103 \u00een aproape toate p\u0103r\u021bile lumii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i China au men\u021binut \u00eentotdeauna \u00eentre ele o rela\u021bie care s-a dorit a fi c\u00e2t mai cooperant\u0103 posibil. <\/span><\/p>\n

Istoria rela\u021biilor dintre UE \u0219i China cuprinde mai multe etape, pe care merit\u0103 s\u0103 le analiz\u0103m pentru a \u00een\u021belege cum s-a ajuns la strategia din 2021 \u0219i cum a devenit necesar\u0103 o schimbare de ritm \u00een acest context.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1995, a fost ini\u021biat dialogul privind drepturile omului \u00eentre Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i China. Dialogul s-a dorit a fi constructiv \u0219i neconflictual, pentru a \u00eencuraja respectul \u0219i promovarea drepturilor omului \u00een China. Scopul declarat al Uniunii Europene a fost acela de a determina guvernul chinez s\u0103 depun\u0103 eforturi pentru a se conforma obliga\u021biilor sale interna\u021bionale privind drepturile omului. De asemenea, dialogul privind drepturile omului a avut ca scop abordarea unor aspecte importante ale situa\u021biei din China, printre care:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Pedeapsa cu moartea<\/span><\/p>\n

– Reeducarea prin munc\u0103, practic\u0103 abolit\u0103 \u00een 2014<\/span><\/p>\n

– Libert\u0103\u021bi civile<\/span><\/p>\n

– Minorit\u0103\u021bi<\/span><\/p>\n

– Tortura <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen 2003, UE \u0219i China au adoptat o nou\u0103 strategie de parteneriat, care includea \u0219ase priorit\u0103\u021bi, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea responsabilit\u0103\u021bii pentru promovarea guvernan\u021bei globale, sprijinirea tranzi\u021biei Chinei c\u0103tre o societate deschis\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe statul de drept \u0219i respectarea drepturilor omului \u0219i promovarea deschiderii economice a Chinei pe plan intern \u0219i extern.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen acest scop, a fost elaborat un document de politic\u0103 care con\u021binea propuneri concrete pentru consolidarea rela\u021biilor dintre Europa \u0219i China, \u00een special \u00een domenii-cheie precum economia \u0219i comer\u021bul, precum \u0219i pentru abordarea procesului de reform\u0103 intern\u0103 din China. Printre aceste propuneri concrete s-au num\u0103rat cele referitoare la necesitatea de a face mai eficient dialogul privind drepturile omului \u0219i de a sprijini procesul de reform\u0103 intern\u0103 a Chinei prin consolidarea dialogului existent privind mediul, energia, \u0219tiin\u021ba \u0219i tehnologia \u0219i societatea informa\u021bional\u0103, prin extinderea acestuia \u0219i \u00een alte domenii, cum ar fi politica industrial\u0103 \u0219i educa\u021bia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un nou pas \u00eenainte \u00een rela\u021biile euro-chineze a fost realizat \u00een 2013, odat\u0103 cu <\/span>Agenda strategic\u0103 de cooperare UE-China 2020<\/span>, care a fost principalul rezultat al celui de-al 16-lea summit China-UE. China \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103 au anun\u021bat un plan de cooperare \u0219i s-au angajat \u00eentr-un dialog privind un protocol de investi\u021bii. Reuniunea a avut o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103 \u0219i pentru c\u0103 a marcat, de asemenea, cea de-a zecea aniversare a Parteneriatului strategic al Europei cu China. Noul plan a stabilit o nou\u0103 \u0219i mai puternic\u0103 cooperare \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te industria, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare interdependen\u021ba tot mai str\u00e2ns\u0103 cu care se confrunt\u0103 cele dou\u0103 economii.<\/span><\/p>\n

UE \u0219i China sunt doi dintre cei mai mari actori comerciali din lume, China fiind al doilea partener comercial al UE, dup\u0103 Statele Unite, \u00een timp ce UE este cel mai mare partener comercial al Chinei. Prin urmare, \u00een acest context, este esen\u021bial ca UE s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 rela\u021bii comerciale cu China care s\u0103 asigure o convenien\u021b\u0103 reciproc\u0103 \u00een comer\u021b, ceea ce include, de asemenea, dorin\u021ba de a face comer\u021b echitabil, respectarea acelora\u0219i drepturi \u0219i a standardelor de mediu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Acesta este motivul pentru care \u00een 2020-2021 s-a ajuns la o nou\u0103 strategie \u00eentre UE \u0219i China, inclusiv prin a\u0219a-numitul CAI, Comprehensive Agreement on Investment, pentru a face cele dou\u0103 economii mai interdependente \u0219i pentru a consolida cooperarea economic\u0103. Acordul a fost crucial din punct de vedere comercial: de fapt, acordul garanteaz\u0103 investitorilor europeni accesul la diferite sectoare ale pie\u021bei chineze, de la telecomunica\u021bii la finan\u021be \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Acordul a fost foarte important pentru investitorii europeni, deoarece a clarificat condi\u021biile de acces pe pia\u021b\u0103 pentru companiile europene \u0219i le-a f\u0103cut independente de politicile chineze, permi\u021b\u00e2nd, de asemenea, UE s\u0103 utilizeze mecanismul de solu\u021bionare a litigiilor \u00een caz de \u00eenc\u0103lcare a angajamentelor. UE a negociat, de asemenea, eliminarea restric\u021biilor care \u00eempiedic\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile companiilor europene \u00een China, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd un acord ambi\u021bios. Investitorilor chinezi \u0219i europeni li s-a asigurat astfel un tratament echitabil, f\u0103r\u0103 condi\u021bii discriminatorii \u0219i cu reciprocitate \u00eentre investitori.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, acordul a avut, de asemenea, o semnifica\u021bie politic\u0103 fundamental\u0103. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, \u00een cadrul negocierilor privind IAC, s-a vorbit mult despre respectarea drepturilor omului – \u00een special \u00eempotriva muncii for\u021bate – \u0219i despre dispozi\u021biile privind protec\u021bia mediului \u0219i combaterea schimb\u0103rilor climatice. Parlamentul European \u00eensu\u0219i a votat o rezolu\u021bie tocmai pentru a se asigura c\u0103 acordul include angajamente adecvate \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103. La fel ca toate cele mai recente acorduri comerciale ale Uniunii Europene, IAC include prevederi privind standardele de munc\u0103, precum \u0219i privind mediul \u0219i clima. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, principiile dezvolt\u0103rii durabile se num\u0103r\u0103 printre valorile comune pe care se bazeaz\u0103 IAC.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen general, rela\u021bia dintre Uniunea European\u0103 a fost \u00eentotdeauna caracterizat\u0103 de o puternic\u0103 interconectare din punct de vedere economic \u0219i comercial, ambele p\u0103r\u021bi fiind relevante pe scena mondial\u0103 \u0219i ambele av\u00e2nd nevoie de dialog unul cu cel\u0103lalt. Cu toate acestea, este interesant faptul c\u0103 acordurile dintre China \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103 au avut \u00eentotdeauna un substrat politic. De fapt, \u00een toate interlocutorii, s-a f\u0103cut \u00eentotdeauna referire \u0219i la angajamentele care trebuie asumate \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te drepturile omului, dezvoltarea libert\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a democra\u021biei \u0219i problemele de mediu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ceea ce, la o privire mai atent\u0103, este de o importan\u021b\u0103 fundamental\u0103 pentru atingerea acelor obiective ambi\u021bioase pe care Europa \u0219i le-a stabilit \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu exact aceste probleme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, Uniunea European\u0103 nu se asigur\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een mod eficient de respectarea de c\u0103tre China. De aceea, chiar de cur\u00e2nd a ap\u0103rut necesitatea unei schimb\u0103ri \u00een rela\u021biile cu Estul. <\/span><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 necesitate, desigur, a ap\u0103rut \u0219i din faptul c\u0103 lumea s-a schimbat radical \u00een ultimii patru ani, \u00eencep\u00e2nd tocmai cu un eveniment care a avut ca punct central tocmai China. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, Covid-19 a schimbat literalmente lumea a\u0219a cum o \u0219tiam. Criza din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii a avut consecin\u021be uria\u0219e \u00een plan economic, social \u0219i al dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i nici p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent toate aceste probleme nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 rezolvate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recenta criz\u0103 din Ucraina a destabilizat, de asemenea, ordinea mondial\u0103. Iar faptul c\u0103 China continu\u0103 s\u0103 coopereze \u0219i s\u0103 dialogheze cu Rusia nu faciliteaz\u0103 deloc interlocutorii dintre Republica Popular\u0103 Chinez\u0103 \u0219i Uniunea European\u0103. <\/span><\/p>\n

Iar recenta misiune diplomatic\u0103 a pre\u0219edintelui Comisiei Europene, Ursula Von der Layen, \u0219i a pre\u0219edintelui francez Emmanuel Macron la Beijing, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu pare s\u0103 fi ajutat Europa, dar \u00een multe privin\u021be Xi Jinping pare favorizat. Din aceste motive, la 18 aprilie anul trecut, Parlamentul European a discutat despre necesitatea de a adopta o nou\u0103 strategie fa\u021b\u0103 de China, \u00een lumina noului status quo global \u0219i a rolului tot mai central al Chinei, care devine din ce \u00een ce mai independent\u0103, dar care, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, creeaz\u0103 o mai mare dependen\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i pentru alte realit\u0103\u021bi. \u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu acest sector, \u00een septembrie 2023, Parlamentul European a declarat deja c\u0103 UE trebuie s\u0103 se desprind\u0103 de aceast\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103 care s-a acumulat de-a lungul anilor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu aceast\u0103 ocazie, europarlamentarul Hermann Tertsch a declarat urm\u0103toarele: „Europa nu poate opri comer\u021bul cu China, dar trebuie s\u0103 anuleze majoritatea relocaliz\u0103rilor care au avut deja loc \u0219i s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 orice planuri de reloc\u0103ri suplimentare.” Raportorul alternativ al ECR a subliniat, de asemenea, prezen\u021ba Chinei \u00een diferite p\u0103r\u021bi ale lumii, cum ar fi \u00een Africa, America Central\u0103 \u0219i Asia, precum \u0219i \u00een Europa, „cump\u0103r\u00e2nd o mul\u021bime de infrastructuri, porturi \u0219i re\u021bele feroviare”. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tocmai de aceea, „Europa nu poate pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 comer\u021bul cu China, iar consecin\u021bele recentelor schimb\u0103ri puse \u00een aplicare de Merkel, Macron \u0219i von der Leyen trebuie s\u0103 fie inversate”.<\/span><\/p>\n

La finalul dezbaterii, Parlamentul UE a decis s\u0103 adopte o strategie UE-China re\u00eennoit\u0103, cuprinz\u0103toare \u0219i coerent\u0103, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare urm\u0103toarele aspecte <\/span>provoc\u0103rile generate de ascensiunea Chinei ca actor global, al\u0103turi de politicile sale interne din ce \u00een ce mai opresive \u0219i de politica sa extern\u0103 asertiv\u0103. <\/span> <\/p>\n

Prin urmare, cu aceast\u0103 nou\u0103 strategie, UE trebuie s\u0103 fie mai \u00eendr\u0103znea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i mai asertiv\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar, \u00een utilizarea instrumentelor sale de securitate comercial\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 examineze necesitatea de a crea noi instrumente pentru a vedea dac\u0103 exist\u0103 lacune care s\u0103 permit\u0103 efecte de propagare nepotrivite, iar \u00een lunile urm\u0103toare va elabora o nou\u0103 strategie de securitate economic\u0103. Acest lucru trebuie s\u0103 fie urmat \u00een mod necesar de o politic\u0103 puternic\u0103 a UE, care s\u0103 fie pus\u0103 \u00een aplicare cu o cooperare puternic\u0103 a statelor membre \u0219i cu dorin\u021ba de a evita diviziunile. „A venit momentul s\u0103 ne ar\u0103t\u0103m voin\u021ba colectiv\u0103, dovedind c\u0103 unitatea noastr\u0103 ne \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te”, a declarat Ursula Von der Layen. De acum \u00eenainte vom \u0219ti dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 strategie va fi aplicat\u0103 sau dac\u0103 vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar cuvinte. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen actuala configura\u021bie mondial\u0103, cele trei mari puteri politice \u0219i economice par a fi Statele Unite, Europa \u0219i China. \u00cen special, China devine din ce \u00een ce mai mult un actor important pe scena mondial\u0103, asigur\u00e2ndu-\u0219i o prezen\u021b\u0103 extins\u0103 \u00een aproape toate p\u0103r\u021bile lumii. Uniunea European\u0103 \u0219i China au men\u021binut \u00eentotdeauna \u00eentre ele o rela\u021bie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":8980,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"editorial-positions":[42],"regions":[398,329,338,346,355,365],"types":[417],"class_list":["post-9249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politica","editorial-positions-focus","regions-asia-ro","regions-central-europe-ro","regions-eastern-europe-ro","regions-northern-europe-ro","regions-southern-europe-ro","regions-western-europe-ro","types-news-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nO Europ\u0103 mai asertiv\u0103 este cerut\u0103 \u00een noua strategie UE-China - The Conservative<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theconservative.online\/ro\/o-europa-mai-asertiva-este-ceruta-in-noua-strategie-ue-china\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O Europ\u0103 mai asertiv\u0103 este cerut\u0103 \u00een noua strategie UE-China - The Conservative\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen actuala configura\u021bie mondial\u0103, cele trei mari puteri politice \u0219i economice par a fi Statele Unite, Europa \u0219i China. \u00cen special, China devine din ce \u00een ce mai mult un actor important pe scena mondial\u0103, asigur\u00e2ndu-\u0219i o prezen\u021b\u0103 extins\u0103 \u00een aproape toate p\u0103r\u021bile lumii. 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